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Decolonizing the Endowment: A Critical Framework for Restructuring Museum Financial Portfolios to Support Restitution and Equity in Indonesia Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Firzan Dahlan; Grace Freya Purba; Susi Diana; Giselle Dupont; Farah Faiza; Danila Adi Sanjaya
Enigma in Economics Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Economics
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/economy.v3i1.89

Museums globally are facing a profound ethical reckoning with their colonial foundations. In Indonesia, a nation with a rich history of resisting colonial rule, this discourse has intensified calls for the restitution of cultural artifacts. However, a critical barrier to these decolonial ambitions lies within the financial architecture of museums themselves: the endowment. This study investigated how traditional museum endowment management, guided by principles of perpetuity and maximum growth, often conflicts with and obstructs the ethical imperatives of restitution and equity. This research employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Initially, a quantitative analysis of the investment portfolios of three representative Indonesian museums—a national museum, a private institution, and a regional museum—was conducted. This was followed by a qualitative phase involving in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 22 museum directors, curators, financial managers, and representatives from source communities. The data were analyzed to identify correlations between investment strategies and institutional capacities for decolonial action. The findings revealed that museum endowments were predominantly invested in global equity and bond markets, with significant exposure to multinational corporations in the Global North, including those in extractive and banking sectors with colonial entanglements. This structure created a "perpetuity paradox," where fiduciary duties were interpreted as precluding the use of funds for restitution-related costs. A profound disconnect was identified between the museums' public-facing decolonial missions and their internal financial strategies. The study culminated in the development of the Restitution and Equity-Aligned (REA) Framework, a novel model for portfolio restructuring. In conclusion, traditional endowment management represents a significant, yet often invisible, colonial legacy within museums. To genuinely decolonize, Indonesian museums must move beyond curatorial gestures and fundamentally restructure their financial engines. The proposed REA Framework provides a viable, ethical, and financially prudent pathway for aligning investment practices with the moral obligations of restitution and the pursuit of reparative justice, offering a replicable model for institutions worldwide.

Reconfiguring Rivalry: Ideological Sorting, Digital Media, and the New Landscape of Affective Polarization in the Post-2024 Presidential Election in Indonesia Ervin Munandar; Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Firzan Dahlan; Aaliyah El-Hussaini
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i4.294

The 2024 Indonesian presidential election marked a tectonic shift in its political landscape, dissolving the decade-long 'Cebong versus Kampret' rivalry. This study investigates whether this realignment led to depolarization or a reconfiguration of partisan animosity. It examines the structure and predictors of affective polarization in the immediate post-election environment. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2024, involving 1,500 respondents across 15 provinces, selected via a multi-stage random sampling method with probability proportional to size. Affective polarization was measured using a feeling thermometer scale. Key predictors—including ideological self-placement, social media consumption for political news, and intergroup contact—were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. To test for non-linear ideological effects, both linear and quadratic terms for ideology were included in the model. The analysis reveals that affective polarization remains a potent force. The regression model showed a strong fit (R2= 0.47). While a linear measure of ideology was not a significant predictor, its quadratic term was a powerful and positive predictor (b = 0.42, p<0.001), indicating a U-shaped relationship where individuals at both ideological poles exhibit significantly higher polarization than those in the center. High consumption of partisan social media was also strongly associated with increased polarization (b = 0.35, p<0.001), while quality intergroup contact was linked to lower levels (b = -0.21, p<0.001). In conclusion, the post-2024 political era in Indonesia is characterized by a reconfiguration, not a dissipation, of affective polarization. The cleavage is no longer primarily personality-driven but is increasingly structured by ideological sorting, amplified by digital media ecosystems. These findings highlight the need for initiatives promoting cross-cutting dialogue and digital literacy to safeguard democratic health.

Reconfiguring Rivalry: Ideological Sorting, Digital Media, and the New Landscape of Affective Polarization in the Post-2024 Presidential Election in Indonesia Ervin Munandar; Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Firzan Dahlan; Aaliyah El-Hussaini
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i4.294

The 2024 Indonesian presidential election marked a tectonic shift in its political landscape, dissolving the decade-long 'Cebong versus Kampret' rivalry. This study investigates whether this realignment led to depolarization or a reconfiguration of partisan animosity. It examines the structure and predictors of affective polarization in the immediate post-election environment. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2024, involving 1,500 respondents across 15 provinces, selected via a multi-stage random sampling method with probability proportional to size. Affective polarization was measured using a feeling thermometer scale. Key predictors—including ideological self-placement, social media consumption for political news, and intergroup contact—were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. To test for non-linear ideological effects, both linear and quadratic terms for ideology were included in the model. The analysis reveals that affective polarization remains a potent force. The regression model showed a strong fit (R2= 0.47). While a linear measure of ideology was not a significant predictor, its quadratic term was a powerful and positive predictor (b = 0.42, p<0.001), indicating a U-shaped relationship where individuals at both ideological poles exhibit significantly higher polarization than those in the center. High consumption of partisan social media was also strongly associated with increased polarization (b = 0.35, p<0.001), while quality intergroup contact was linked to lower levels (b = -0.21, p<0.001). In conclusion, the post-2024 political era in Indonesia is characterized by a reconfiguration, not a dissipation, of affective polarization. The cleavage is no longer primarily personality-driven but is increasingly structured by ideological sorting, amplified by digital media ecosystems. These findings highlight the need for initiatives promoting cross-cutting dialogue and digital literacy to safeguard democratic health.

Envisioning Prosperity: A Structural Model of Community-Based Transformational Leadership and Local Governance on Poverty Reduction (SDG 1) and Decent Work (SDG 8) in Indonesian Tourism Villages Idris Atmaja; Bhawani Singh; Dian Rahayu; Firzan Dahlan; Giselle Dupont
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i1.51

Tourism Villages (Desa Wisata) are pivotal to Indonesia's rural development strategy, yet their success in achieving sustainable and inclusive growth is highly variable. The mechanisms through which local leadership translates into tangible development outcomes remain empirically underexplored. This study develops and tests a structural equation model (SEM) to examine the serial pathway from Community-Based Transformational Leadership (C-TL) to Local Governance (LG) quality, and subsequently, its impact on Poverty Reduction (SDG 1) and Decent Work (SDG 8). A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted. Data (N=500) were collected from community members (tourism awareness groups, village officials, SME owners) across 50 tourism villages in five major Indonesian provinces using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The proposed model, specifying LG as a mediator between C-TL and the SDG outcomes, was tested using covariance-based SEM. The measurement model confirmed the reliability and validity of the four latent constructs. The structural model demonstrated an excellent fit to the data (CMIN/DF = 2.74, CFI = 0.958, RMSEA = 0.051). Results indicated that C-TL has a robust, significant positive effect on LG (β = 0.78, p < 0.001). In turn, LG strongly and positively influenced both Poverty Reduction (β = 0.52, p < 0.001) and Decent Work (β = 0.47, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis confirmed that LG fully mediates the relationship between C-TL and Poverty Reduction and partially mediates the relationship between C-TL and Decent Work. In conclusion, Local Governance is the primary mechanism through which the vision of transformational leaders is converted into equitable development outcomes in Indonesian tourism villages. A leader's good intentions are insufficient for poverty reduction without the parallel development of transparent, accountable, and effective governance structures.

Structural Divergence in Reproductive Agency: Unraveling the 'Matrilineal Buffer' Against Contraceptive Discontinuation in Indonesia Using Multi-Group SEM Leonardo Simanjuntak; Cinthya Callathea; Desiree Montesinos; Firzan Dahlan
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i2.299

Despite the historical success of Indonesia's family planning program, the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) has stagnated, driven largely by high rates of contraceptive discontinuation (29%). Conventional demographic analyses often attribute this to biomedical side effects, overlooking the structural influence of kinship systems and the potential confounding role of socioeconomic status. This study aims to analyze the structural pathways linking patriarchal gender norms to contraceptive discontinuation, mediated by reproductive autonomy, while explicitly controlling for educational attainment. We compare Indonesia’s two dominant cultural groups: the matrilineal Minangkabau and the patriarchal Javanese. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,450 married women of reproductive age in West Sumatra (Minangkabau, n=725) and Central Java (Javanese, n=725). We employed Multi-Group Structural Equation Modeling (MG-SEM) with a rigorous invariance testing protocol. The model tested the "Patriarchal Norms → Reproductive Autonomy → Discontinuation Propensity" pathway, adjusting for age and education level. Measurement invariance (Configural and Metric) was established, allowing for valid group comparisons. The Minangkabau group exhibited significantly higher education levels (p<0.001). However, even after controlling for education, the structural analysis revealed a distinct divergence. Among Javanese women, patriarchal norms significantly suppressed autonomy (β = -0.58, p < 0.001), leading to higher discontinuation propensity. Conversely, Minangkabau women displayed a "Matrilineal Buffer"; the path from patriarchal norms to autonomy was non-significant (β = -0.09, p > 0.05), suggesting that cultural leverage protects decision-making power regardless of internalized gender norms. In conclusion, the mechanism of contraceptive discontinuation is culturally distinct. The "Matrilineal Buffer" is a robust structural phenomenon that persists independent of educational advantages. Interventions in patriarchal settings must dismantle barriers to female autonomy, while programs in matrilineal settings should focus on quality of care.

Structural Divergence in Reproductive Agency: Unraveling the 'Matrilineal Buffer' Against Contraceptive Discontinuation in Indonesia Using Multi-Group SEM Leonardo Simanjuntak; Cinthya Callathea; Desiree Montesinos; Firzan Dahlan
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i2.299

Despite the historical success of Indonesia's family planning program, the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) has stagnated, driven largely by high rates of contraceptive discontinuation (29%). Conventional demographic analyses often attribute this to biomedical side effects, overlooking the structural influence of kinship systems and the potential confounding role of socioeconomic status. This study aims to analyze the structural pathways linking patriarchal gender norms to contraceptive discontinuation, mediated by reproductive autonomy, while explicitly controlling for educational attainment. We compare Indonesia’s two dominant cultural groups: the matrilineal Minangkabau and the patriarchal Javanese. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,450 married women of reproductive age in West Sumatra (Minangkabau, n=725) and Central Java (Javanese, n=725). We employed Multi-Group Structural Equation Modeling (MG-SEM) with a rigorous invariance testing protocol. The model tested the "Patriarchal Norms → Reproductive Autonomy → Discontinuation Propensity" pathway, adjusting for age and education level. Measurement invariance (Configural and Metric) was established, allowing for valid group comparisons. The Minangkabau group exhibited significantly higher education levels (p<0.001). However, even after controlling for education, the structural analysis revealed a distinct divergence. Among Javanese women, patriarchal norms significantly suppressed autonomy (β = -0.58, p < 0.001), leading to higher discontinuation propensity. Conversely, Minangkabau women displayed a "Matrilineal Buffer"; the path from patriarchal norms to autonomy was non-significant (β = -0.09, p > 0.05), suggesting that cultural leverage protects decision-making power regardless of internalized gender norms. In conclusion, the mechanism of contraceptive discontinuation is culturally distinct. The "Matrilineal Buffer" is a robust structural phenomenon that persists independent of educational advantages. Interventions in patriarchal settings must dismantle barriers to female autonomy, while programs in matrilineal settings should focus on quality of care.

Nostalgic Collective Memory, Populist Rhetoric Exposure, and Social Transformation in Peri-Urban Communities of Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study Firzan Dahlan; Grace Freya Purba
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i2.322

Nostalgic collective memory and exposure to populist rhetoric have emerged as significant sociocultural forces shaping contemporary social transformation in peri-urban areas of Southeast Asia. This cross-sectional analytical study examined the associations between nostalgic collective memory orientation, populist rhetoric exposure, and positive social transformation outcomes among 384 peri-urban residents in three purposively selected peri-urban sub-districts in a major city in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Participants were recruited through proportional stratified random sampling from sub-districts characterized by rapid urbanization and socioeconomic heterogeneity. They completed structured questionnaires assessing nostalgia levels (adapted 12-item scale, Cronbach alpha=0.82), populist rhetoric exposure (10-item scale), collective memory strength (8-item scale, alpha=0.78), community engagement, political trust, and perception of social transformation across six measured dimensions. Overall, 201 respondents (52.3%) perceived positive social transformation. Bivariate analysis demonstrated that high nostalgia levels were associated with 2.14-fold increased odds of perceiving positive social transformation (95% CI: 1.42-3.23; p=0.001), while high exposure to populist rhetoric was associated with 2.05-fold increased odds (95% CI: 1.36-3.09; p=0.001). Active community engagement was associated with 1.84-fold increased odds (95% CI: 1.22-2.77; p=0.004), and strong collective memory orientation was associated with 1.65-fold increased odds (95% CI: 1.10-2.48; p=0.016). Multiple logistic regression identified nostalgia level (AOR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.22-2.93; p=0.004), populist rhetoric exposure (AOR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.13-2.74; p=0.012), and community engagement (AOR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.05-2.50; p=0.029) as independent predictors. The model demonstrated moderate discriminative ability (AUC=0.735; Nagelkerke R²=0.187). These findings illuminate complex mechanisms through which nostalgic orientation, populist messaging, and community cohesion influence perceptions of social change in peri-urban Southeast Asian contexts.

Nostalgic Collective Memory, Populist Rhetoric Exposure, and Social Transformation in Peri-Urban Communities of Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study Firzan Dahlan; Grace Freya Purba
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v9i2.322

Nostalgic collective memory and exposure to populist rhetoric have emerged as significant sociocultural forces shaping contemporary social transformation in peri-urban areas of Southeast Asia. This cross-sectional analytical study examined the associations between nostalgic collective memory orientation, populist rhetoric exposure, and positive social transformation outcomes among 384 peri-urban residents in three purposively selected peri-urban sub-districts in a major city in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Participants were recruited through proportional stratified random sampling from sub-districts characterized by rapid urbanization and socioeconomic heterogeneity. They completed structured questionnaires assessing nostalgia levels (adapted 12-item scale, Cronbach alpha=0.82), populist rhetoric exposure (10-item scale), collective memory strength (8-item scale, alpha=0.78), community engagement, political trust, and perception of social transformation across six measured dimensions. Overall, 201 respondents (52.3%) perceived positive social transformation. Bivariate analysis demonstrated that high nostalgia levels were associated with 2.14-fold increased odds of perceiving positive social transformation (95% CI: 1.42-3.23; p=0.001), while high exposure to populist rhetoric was associated with 2.05-fold increased odds (95% CI: 1.36-3.09; p=0.001). Active community engagement was associated with 1.84-fold increased odds (95% CI: 1.22-2.77; p=0.004), and strong collective memory orientation was associated with 1.65-fold increased odds (95% CI: 1.10-2.48; p=0.016). Multiple logistic regression identified nostalgia level (AOR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.22-2.93; p=0.004), populist rhetoric exposure (AOR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.13-2.74; p=0.012), and community engagement (AOR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.05-2.50; p=0.029) as independent predictors. The model demonstrated moderate discriminative ability (AUC=0.735; Nagelkerke R²=0.187). These findings illuminate complex mechanisms through which nostalgic orientation, populist messaging, and community cohesion influence perceptions of social change in peri-urban Southeast Asian contexts.

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