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Archipelagic Consciousness: Reimagining National Identity Through Local and Maritime Histories in Indonesian Primary Education Firzan Dahlan; Grace Freya Purba; Farah Faiza; Amir Serikova; Danila Adi Sanjaya; Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Susi Diana; Christian Napitupulu; Maya Enderson; Emir Abdullah
Enigma in Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Education
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/edu.v3i1.93

The formation of national identity in Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic state, has historically been dominated by a centralized, terrestrial-focused historical narrative that often marginalizes the rich diversity of local and maritime histories. This study addressed the gap in understanding how a pedagogical shift towards these histories could foster a more inclusive and interconnected sense of nationhood, termed 'Archipelagic Consciousness', among young learners. A quasi-experimental, mixed-methods study was conducted over one academic semester in four primary schools across Indonesia. A total of 180 fifth-grade students participated, divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received a pedagogical intervention based on local hero narratives, inter-island trade routes, and project-based learning focused on maritime culture. Data were collected using a validated pre-test/post-test 'Archipelagic Consciousness Inventory' (ACI), supplemented by qualitative data from focus group discussions and student portfolio analysis. Quantitative data analysis revealed a statistically significant, large-effect-size improvement in the ACI scores for the experimental group compared to the control group. Qualitative findings corroborated these results, with major themes emerging that included the validation of local identity as integral to the national story, a conceptual shift from viewing the sea as a barrier to a connector, and an enhanced appreciation for inter-regional cultural diversity. In conclusion, the pedagogical model centered on local and maritime histories was highly effective in cultivating Archipelagic Consciousness. Integrating these narratives into primary education offers a potent pathway for reimagining Indonesian national identity as a dynamic, interconnected, and pluralistic tapestry, moving beyond a monolithic, land-based conception. This study provides empirical support for curriculum reform aimed at fostering a more resilient and inclusive national identity.

Echoes of Empire: The Politics of Repatriation and Decolonial Praxis in 21st-Century European Museums Alex Putra Pratama; Christian Napitupulu; Aman Suparman; Omar Alieva
Enigma in Cultural Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Enigma in Cultural
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/cultural.v3i2.107

The universalist claims of major European museums are built upon collections inextricably linked to the history of colonial violence and asymmetrical power. In the 21st century, a global movement demanding the repatriation of cultural heritage has challenged the very ethical and political foundations of these institutions. This study investigates the complex dynamics governing repatriation and the significant gap between museums' stated decolonial ambitions and their institutional practices, treating this dysfunction as a form of structural pathology. This study employed a mixed-methods approach grounded in a decolonial methodological awareness. The first phase consisted of a systematic thematic analysis of 188 policy documents from 25 major European museums (2019-2025), identifying the core logic of institutional responses to repatriation claims. The second phase developed a heuristic framework—a qualitative analytical model—to explore the logical outcomes of this institutional logic across three archetypal scenarios: a high-profile plunder case, a contested acquisition, and the return of ancestral remains. This model is presented not as a predictive tool, but as a framework for making the power structures and pathogenic mechanisms of holding institutions more legible. The documentary analysis revealed four key symptoms of a systemic pathology: a pervasive "rhetoric-practice gap"; the use of provenance research as both a facilitator and a barrier to claims; the strategic invocation of legal inalienability as an institutional defense; and a clear hierarchy of "returnable" heritage. The heuristic framework demonstrated that claims were most successful when high diplomatic pressure and clear evidence of looting created an overwhelming political imperative, while claims with ambiguity were likely to result in a chronic stalemate or offers of long-term loans. In conclusion, repatriation is not a simple administrative process but a deeply political and affective struggle shaped by enduring colonial power asymmetries. Genuine decolonial praxis requires more than institutional rhetoric of "slow ethics"; it necessitates treating the issue as a structural pathology requiring fundamental legal and systemic reforms, a shift in the burden of proof, and an acknowledgment of repatriation as an act of epistemic and restorative justice for source communities.

Forging the ‘New Opposition’: Resilience, Strategy, and Digital Contention in Post-Election Indonesian Civil Society Alex Putra Pratama; Christian Napitupulu; Dais Susilo
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i4.292

In the wake of recent elections, Indonesia’s political landscape has seen a consolidation of power and the co-optation of formal opposition parties, creating a vacuum in democratic accountability. This study investigates the emergence of a ‘New Opposition’—a constellation of civil society coalitions that have assumed the role of a critical check on state power. We examine the strategies these coalitions employ, their internal dynamics, and the mechanisms underpinning their resilience in an increasingly restrictive political environment. This research employed a 12-month ethnographic mixed-methods approach from May 2024 to May 2025. We conducted 35 in-depth interviews with activists, lawyers, and academics; participant observation within a major civil society coalition in Jakarta; and three focus group discussions. This qualitative data was triangulated with quantitative analysis, including a Social Network Analysis (SNA) of 45 organizations to map collaborative structures and a survey (n=150) of activists to gauge perceived strategic effectiveness. Our findings reveal a strategic repertoire that blends legal-constitutional challenges, sophisticated public narrative framing, and digitally-enabled mobilization. SNA results demonstrate a significant increase in network density (from 0.21 to 0.45) and centralization following key political triggers, indicating a rapid consolidation of the coalition. Key ‘broker’ organizations, particularly in the legal aid and digital rights sectors, were crucial for connecting disparate clusters. While digital platforms were vital for mobilization, they also exposed activists to significant risks, including doxxing and state-sponsored cyber-attacks, creating a paradox of visibility and vulnerability. In conclusion, Indonesian civil society coalitions have effectively transformed into a resilient ‘New Opposition,’ characterized by adaptive strategies and a robust, networked structure. They function as a crucial bulwark for democratic norms, operating outside formal political structures. Their resilience is derived not from a single strategy but from the synergistic interplay of legal, narrative, and digital contention, sustained by a dense network of trust and shared purpose. This study underscores the critical role of networked civil society in upholding democratic accountability in hybrid regimes.

Forging the ‘New Opposition’: Resilience, Strategy, and Digital Contention in Post-Election Indonesian Civil Society Alex Putra Pratama; Christian Napitupulu; Dais Susilo
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 4 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i4.292

In the wake of recent elections, Indonesia’s political landscape has seen a consolidation of power and the co-optation of formal opposition parties, creating a vacuum in democratic accountability. This study investigates the emergence of a ‘New Opposition’—a constellation of civil society coalitions that have assumed the role of a critical check on state power. We examine the strategies these coalitions employ, their internal dynamics, and the mechanisms underpinning their resilience in an increasingly restrictive political environment. This research employed a 12-month ethnographic mixed-methods approach from May 2024 to May 2025. We conducted 35 in-depth interviews with activists, lawyers, and academics; participant observation within a major civil society coalition in Jakarta; and three focus group discussions. This qualitative data was triangulated with quantitative analysis, including a Social Network Analysis (SNA) of 45 organizations to map collaborative structures and a survey (n=150) of activists to gauge perceived strategic effectiveness. Our findings reveal a strategic repertoire that blends legal-constitutional challenges, sophisticated public narrative framing, and digitally-enabled mobilization. SNA results demonstrate a significant increase in network density (from 0.21 to 0.45) and centralization following key political triggers, indicating a rapid consolidation of the coalition. Key ‘broker’ organizations, particularly in the legal aid and digital rights sectors, were crucial for connecting disparate clusters. While digital platforms were vital for mobilization, they also exposed activists to significant risks, including doxxing and state-sponsored cyber-attacks, creating a paradox of visibility and vulnerability. In conclusion, Indonesian civil society coalitions have effectively transformed into a resilient ‘New Opposition,’ characterized by adaptive strategies and a robust, networked structure. They function as a crucial bulwark for democratic norms, operating outside formal political structures. Their resilience is derived not from a single strategy but from the synergistic interplay of legal, narrative, and digital contention, sustained by a dense network of trust and shared purpose. This study underscores the critical role of networked civil society in upholding democratic accountability in hybrid regimes.

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