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Journal : Academia Open

Innovative Document Sterilization: Ultraviolet-C and Heating Approach for Effective Pathogen Elimination Ahfas, Akhmad; R.S, Dwi Hadidjaja; Falah, Agus Hayatal
Academia Open Vol 8 No 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.8.2023.7159

Abstract

In the context of the widespread transmission of Covid-19 via various mediums, including physical contact and contaminated surfaces, the critical need for document sterilization becomes apparent. Addressing this concern, a Document Sterilization Box was developed utilizing Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Light and Heating methods, integrated with an Arduino Uno system equipped with LCD, LED displays, and a Buzzer for remote monitoring. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of this approach, achieving successful results with an average Lux reading of 204.6 and a temperature of 31.9 ̊C, within a 2-minute timeframe and humidity of 111.3%. The Document Sterilization Box employing UV-C Light and Heating proved to be a highly effective, safe, and environmentally friendly method, eliminating 100% of harmful microorganisms without causing damage to the exposed objects. This innovation offers valuable implications for enhancing hygiene practices and safeguarding public health on a global scale. Highlight: Emerging Necessity: Recognizing the critical need for effective document sterilization due to Covid-19 transmission via various mediums, including contaminated surfaces and physical contact. Technological Innovation: Introducing a Document Sterilization Box incorporating Ultraviolet-C Light and Heating methods, enhanced by Arduino Uno system, LCD, LED displays, and remote monitoring capabilities. Efficacy and Implications: Successfully achieving high efficacy in eliminating harmful microorganisms, the UV-C Light and Heating approach offers a safe, eco-friendly solution with global implications for elevating hygiene standards and preserving public health. Keyword: COVID-19 Transmission, Document Sterilization, Ultraviolet-C Light, Heating Method, Arduino Uno System
Component Tolerance and Performance of 2-Way Passive Crossovers: Toleransi Komponen dan Kinerja Penyeberang Pasif Dua Arah Ahfas, Akhmad; Anggorowati, Adriana Anteng; R.S., Dwi Hadidjaja
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12997

Abstract

General Background: Passive 2-way crossover filters play a crucial role in dividing audio signals between woofer and tweeter channels, where their performance is highly dependent on the precision of passive components. Specific Background: Variations in capacitor and inductor values, along with their tolerances, can significantly alter crossover frequency, phase characteristics, and harmonic distortion, yet these effects are not fully quantified in practical implementations. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies provide an integrated empirical–analytical assessment of how component deviations influence frequency response, THD, and impedance stability in real passive 2-way filters. Aims: This study evaluates the influence of component tolerances on crossover frequency accuracy, filter slope behavior, phase stability, and distortion performance. Results: Experimental findings show that ±10–15% component deviations shift crossover frequency by 7.1–8.5%, reduce filter slope by 2.1–3.2 dB/octave, increase THD from 0.8% to 3.2% at 10W, and induce impedance fluctuations that shift the crossover point by an additional 3.2%. Inductors exhibit higher sensitivity (0.72–0.78) than capacitors (0.45–0.52). Novelty: This study provides a combined simulation–measurement analysis linking component tolerance to measurable acoustic deviations. Implications: The results highlight the need for ≤5% tolerance components and pre-assembly verification to ensure stable crossover performance. Highlights: Component tolerances significantly shift crossover frequency and reduce filter accuracy. Inductors have a stronger impact on system performance than capacitors. Using ≤5% tolerance components improves stability, distortion, and overall audio quality. Keywords: Passive Crossover Filter, Component Tolerance, Crossover Frequency Shift, Total Harmonic Distortion, Impedance Stability