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All Journal Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology KATALIS: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia
Dwi Sapri Ramadhan
Universitas Negeri Medan
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Effect of Solvent Polarity on Extraction Yield, Phytochemical Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. and Moringa oleifera Lam. Vina Octavia Azzahra; St Mardiana; Suharyadi Suharyadi; Rini Juita Sianipar; Dwi Sapri Ramadhan
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1273-1284

Abstract

The present study investigated the effect of solvent polarity on extraction yield, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes and Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves. Maceration was carried out using ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane for 72 hours (1:10 w/v). Extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined. Results demonstrated a clear polarity-dependent trend. Ethanol yielded the highest extract recovery for both species (17.55 ± 0.97% and 22.93 ± 0.65%), while n-hexane showed the lowest yield. Ethanol extracts exhibited the greatest TPC and TFC values, 47.12 mg GAE/g and 6.76 mg QE/g for C. xanthorrhiza, and 25.91 mg GAE/g and 4.67 mg QE/g for M. oleifera, respectively. Correspondingly, ethanol fractions displayed the strongest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 22.70 and 29.80 mg/mL, indicating an inverse correlation between phenolic load and radical scavenging capacity. The study confirms that solvent polarity is a critical determinant of phytochemical recovery and antioxidant potency. The novelty of this work lies in the first comparative evaluation of C. xanthorrhiza and M. oleifera extracted under identical solvent systems, providing a rational framework for solvent selection in phytopharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further work should isolate and characterize the active antioxidant constituents from the most potent extracts.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD SIFAT KOLIGATIF LARUTAN BERBASIS PBL UNTUK MENGUKUR KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK Jaman Fahmi; Budiman Anwar; Wulan Dwi Safitri; Dwi Sapri Ramadhan; Dian Wardana; Dimas Ridho; Ekin Dwi Arif Kurniawan; Ahmad Fauzi Syahputra Yani
KATALIS: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia Vol 9 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Katalis Volume 9 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Samudra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33059/katalis.v9i1.13597

Abstract

This study aims to develop a PBL (Problem-Based Learning) based Student Worksheet (LKPD) on the topic of colligative properties of solutions that are valid, reliable, and feasible to be used as an instrument for assessing students’ critical thinking skills. This research employed a Type 1 Design and Development Research (DDR) model consisting of the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Try-out, and Evaluation, although its implementation was limited to the Try-out stage. The study involved validators comprising university lecturers and chemistry teachers, as well as 106 twelfth-grade science students from MAN 2 Model Medan selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guidelines and assessment questionnaires and subsequently analyzed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Content Validity Index (CVI), item validity tests, reliability analysis, item difficulty index, discrimination index, normality, and homogeneity tests. The findings indicate that out of 16 initial items, 11 essay items were found to be valid (Pearson Corelation > 0,3) and reliable with internal reliability coefficients categorized as good (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.7). The difficulty indices of the items ranged from difficult to easy, with discrimination indices categorized as moderate to very good. Therefore, the developed PBL-based LKPD is deemed feasible for use in measuring students’ critical thinking skills in the context of colligative properties of solutions.
In Silico Evaluation of Nitrogen-Containing Tetrahydropyridine and Piperidine Metabolites Identified from Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau Leaves as Potential Antibacterial Agents Hestia Hairima; Dwi Sapri Ramadhan; Dian Wardana
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i2.68983

Abstract

Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau (daun paris), a Southeast Asian aromatic herb, contains several nitrogen-containing piperidine and tetrahydropyridine (THP) metabolites identified by prior GC-MS profiling but not previously evaluated in silico. This study assessed the molecular docking interactions of four such metabolites, 2-propionyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (2-PTHP), 2-acetyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (2-ATHP), 2-(2-furyl)piperidine (2-FP), and 1-(piperidin-2-yl)propan-1-one (PPO) against two bacterial protein targets, FtsA (PDB: 3WT0) and DNA gyrase subunit B (GyrB; PDB: 6KZV), using AutoDock Vina, complemented by ADMET prediction via SwissADME and ProTox 3.0. All four compounds showed moderate binding affinities against FtsA (−5.7 to −5.9 kcal/mol) and GyrB (−5.2 to −6.0 kcal/mol), substantially weaker than the native co-crystallized ligands (−11.5 and −8.9 kcal/mol, respectively). 2-FP exhibited the strongest GyrB affinity (−6.0 kcal/mol) and partially reproduced the native ligand's catalytic-residue contacts (ASP73, ASN46), whereas PPO showed the most catalytically relevant FtsA interaction profile, engaging SER13, VAL211, and ASP210. Structure-activity comparison identified the presence of a piperidine NH (hydrogen bond donor) versus an imine nitrogen as the principal determinant of polar-contact capacity within this scaffold. All compounds fully satisfied Lipinski's Rule of Five, showed high predicted gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability, and were classified as GHS Acute Oral Toxicity Class IV with inactive predicted hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity. These findings constitute preliminary computational evidence supporting 2-FP and PPO as candidates for further in vitro antibacterial validation..
GC-MS Profiling and In Silico Antibacterial Activity of Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau Leaf Extracts via Maceration and Soxhlet Methods Dwi Sapri Ramadhan; Dian Wardana; Hestia Hairima; Tita Juwitaningsih; Rosa Nadya Evelyn Sitorus; Vina Octavia Azzahra; Ilham Sinuraya
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1575-1594

Abstract

Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau (Acanthaceae; locally known as daun paris) is an aromatic medicinal herb of Southeast Asian origin whose extraction-method-dependent secondary metabolite composition and antibacterial potential against defined molecular targets have not been systematically characterized. This study profiled the GC-MS-detectable metabolome of four leaf extracts obtained by ethanol maceration of fresh (3×24 h) and dried leaves (3×24 h), ethanol Soxhlet (13 cycles, 6.5 h), and n-hexane Soxhlet (25 cycles, 10 h) extraction of dried leaves, identifying 19, 27, 12, and 7 compounds, respectively. Extraction method and solvent polarity strongly governed compound class distribution: fresh ethanol maceration was dominated by 2-propionyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (33.21%) and cis-vaccenic acid (14.63%), while n-hexane Soxhlet selectively enriched stigmasterol to 67.95% of total peak area approximately 19-fold higher than ethanol maceration (3.61%). Five representative metabolites, stigmasterol, phytol, lupeol, squalene, and 2-propionyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine were subjected to molecular docking against FtsA (PDB: 3WT0), OmpF (PDB: 4KR4), and DNA gyrase B (PDB: 6KZV), with ADMET profiling performed via SwissADME and ProTox 3.0. Lupeol (-8.0 kcal/mol) and stigmasterol (-7.7 kcal/mol) surpassed the native OmpF ligand binding affinity and demonstrated strong interaction with DNA gyrase B, supporting multi-target antibacterial potential. Squalene showed preferential affinity for FtsA (-7.1 kcal/mol). Among the candidates, 2-propionyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine was the sole Lipinski-compliant compound with high predicted oral absorption, all five metabolites displayed no predicted hepatotoxicity or carcinogenicity. These findings identify lupeol and stigmasterol as priority antibacterial leads from S. tonkinensis and establish n-hexane Soxhlet extraction as an effective strategy for targeted phytosterol enrichment from this species.
Co-Authors Ahmad Fauzi Syahputra Yani Budiman Anwar Dian Wardana Dian Wardana Dimas Ridho Fahmi, Jam’an Hestia Hairima Hestia Hairima Ilham Sinuraya Kurniawan, Ekin Dwi Arif Rini Juita Sianipar Rosa Nadya Evelyn Sitorus St Mardiana Suharyadi Suharyadi Tita Juwitaningsih Vina Octavia Azzahra Wulan Dwi Safitri