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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Chakfa Nanmar
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Examination of International Strategies and Collaborative Efforts in Responding to the Ebola Crisis in West Africa: Lessons from the 2026 Bundibugyo Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda Atabo Amodu; Isaac John Umaru; Chakfa Nanmar; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 4 No 1 (2027): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v4i1.12140

Abstract

Ebola virus disease (EVD) remains a major threat to global health security, particularly in African regions characterized by fragile health systems and constrained epidemic preparedness. This study critically examines international strategies and collaborative responses to Ebola outbreaks by relating lessons from the 2014–2016 West African crisis to the 2026 Bundibugyo virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda. Drawing on recent reports and scholarly literature, the study analyzes response strategies implemented by international health organizations, national and regional authorities, and humanitarian partners, with particular attention to surveillance, treatment, cross-border coordination, and community engagement. The findings indicate that rapid resource mobilization, coordinated cross-border surveillance, and sustained community trust-building were central to outbreak containment. However, important limitations persisted, particularly the absence of licensed vaccines and therapeutics for the Bundibugyo strain, which constrained available medical interventions. Comparison with the 2014–2016 West African Ebola crisis further indicates that lessons from previous epidemics contributed to improvements in international coordination and preparedness, although significant gaps remain in biomedical countermeasures, health-system capacity, and equitable access to resources. The study concludes that effective Ebola control depends not only on technical and biomedical interventions but also on sustained cooperation among international agencies, governments, humanitarian actors, and affected communities. The study contributes to global health security and epidemic preparedness discourse by demonstrating the importance of integrating lessons from previous outbreaks into contemporary response strategies. Its implications emphasize sustained investment in research and innovation, strengthened health systems, effective cross-border collaboration, community-centered response mechanisms, and equitable resource distribution to improve preparedness for future Ebola outbreaks.
Home-Based Primary Care: Advancing Aging in Place in Nigeria by 2026 Atabo Amodu; Isaac John Umaru; Chakfa Nanmar; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 4 No 1 (2027): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v4i1.12141

Abstract

Nigeria is undergoing a demographic transition characterized by a rapidly growing older population, while healthcare systems historically oriented toward maternal and child health remain insufficiently equipped to address the complex needs of older adults. Although aging in place has emerged as a sustainable model of eldercare, Nigeria’s reliance on family-centered caregiving often imposes substantial financial, emotional, and physical burdens on caregivers in the absence of structured support. This study investigates the feasibility, outcomes, and challenges of Home-Based Primary Care (HBPC) in Nigeria and evaluates its potential to advance aging in place by 2026, with particular attention to health outcomes, caregiver burden, hospital utilization, healthcare expenditure, cultural acceptance, and policy implications. A mixed-methods design was employed from January 2024 to December 2025. Quantitative surveys involved 500 adults aged 60 years and above from urban communities in Lagos and Abuja and rural communities in Oyo and Benue, while qualitative interviews were conducted with 50 older adults, caregivers, and healthcare providers. A pilot HBPC program provided routine medical check-ups, medication delivery, physiotherapy, and psychosocial support. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression, whereas qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis using NVivo. The findings show that 68% of participants reported improved chronic disease management, while hospital readmissions decreased by 32%. Functional independence scores increased by 15 points in urban areas and 10 points in rural areas, while psychological well-being and social relationship indicators improved by 21% and 18%, respectively. Caregiver strain decreased by 40%, and household healthcare expenditure declined by 27%. Qualitative findings further revealed strong cultural acceptance of HBPC, trust in community health workers, and reduced caregiver burden, although workforce shortages, funding constraints, and supply-chain inefficiencies remained significant barriers. The study concludes that HBPC represents a viable approach to advancing aging in place in Nigeria by improving health outcomes, reducing caregiver burden and healthcare costs, and supporting the dignity and independence of older adults. The findings contribute to geriatric and primary healthcare policy by demonstrating the potential value of integrating structured home-based services into Nigeria’s health system and highlight the need for strategic investment, workforce development, and institutional support, including through the National Senior Citizens Centre, to facilitate broader implementation.
The Role of Physicians in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Herbal Remedies Atabo Amodu; Isaac John Umaru; Chakfa Nanmar; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 4 No 1 (2027): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v4i1.12142

Abstract

Psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents, including depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and sleep disturbances, require therapeutic approaches that balance clinical effectiveness with tolerability. Herbal medicines such as Bacopa monnieri, Crocus sativus, Ginkgo biloba, and Hypericum perforatum have demonstrated therapeutic potential in psychiatric care, although evidence regarding their combined use in adolescent populations remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the preliminary effects and tolerability of a standardized formulation combining these four herbal medicines in adolescents with mild to moderate psychiatric conditions. A one-month, open-label, dose-response pilot study was conducted with 40 adolescents aged 12–18 years diagnosed with mild to moderate depression, anxiety, ADHD, or sleep disturbances. Participants received escalating doses of the standardized herbal formulation ranging from 100 to 600 mg/kg. Outcomes were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), and Parenting Stress Index (PSI). The findings indicate dose-dependent improvements across the assessed domains, with the most favorable responses observed at 300–400 mg/kg. Higher doses produced no additional improvements and were associated with mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Cognitive function, mood stability, and sleep quality improved significantly during the intervention, accompanied by reductions in caregiver stress. The study concludes that the combined herbal formulation demonstrated promising preliminary effects and tolerability in adolescents and may have potential as an adjunctive approach in child and adolescent psychiatric care. However, given the open-label pilot design and limited sample size, larger randomized controlled trials are required to confirm efficacy, establish optimal dosing, and further evaluate safety. The study contributes preliminary evidence to the emerging literature on integrative and herbal approaches in child and adolescent psychiatry.
Evaluation of Malaria and Typhoid Co-Infection among Patients at the Federal University Wukari Teaching Hospital Atabo Amodu; Isaac John Umaru; Chakfa Nanmar; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 4 No 1 (2027): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v4i1.12143

Abstract

Malaria and typhoid fever remain major public health challenges in tropical regions, particularly in Nigeria, where both diseases are endemic and may occur concurrently among patients presenting with febrile illness. This study aims to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, and clinical outcomes of malaria–typhoid co-infection among patients attending the Federal University Wukari Teaching Hospital. A hospital-based cross-sectional design was employed involving 400 patients presenting with febrile illness. Malaria was diagnosed using microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests, whereas typhoid fever was assessed using the Widal test and blood culture. Demographic and clinical data were collected through structured questionnaires. The findings show prevalence rates of 45% for malaria mono-infection, 25% for typhoid mono-infection, and 30% for malaria–typhoid co-infection, with the highest prevalence of co-infection observed among individuals aged 15–35 years. Poor sanitation, consumption of untreated water, and seasonal variation were identified as major associated risk factors. Patients with co-infection experienced longer durations of fever, higher complication rates, and greater hospitalization than those with mono-infection. The study concludes that malaria–typhoid co-infection constitutes a substantial clinical and epidemiological burden among febrile patients in the study setting. These findings highlight the importance of integrated diagnostic approaches and coordinated preventive strategies targeting environmental sanitation, safe water use, and timely clinical management to reduce the burden and complications of co-infection in endemic areas.
Impact of Breast Cancer Awareness Programmes on Prevention of Breast Cancer Using Artificial Intelligence among Nigerian Women Atabo Amodu; Isaac John Umaru; Chakfa Nanmar; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 3 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i3.12144

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women in Nigeria, where late presentation, limited screening infrastructure, and sociocultural barriers contribute to poor health outcomes. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Coursiv AI, a localized and adaptive artificial intelligence platform, in improving breast cancer awareness and prevention, with particular attention to older women. A mixed-methods design was employed across four regions of Nigeria, involving 2,000 women who participated in surveys and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that Coursiv AI significantly improved breast cancer awareness, screening uptake, and participation among older women compared with traditional outreach approaches. Its predictive analytics, caregiver-support modules, and multilingual interfaces in Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, and Pidgin English were particularly useful in addressing literacy barriers and mobility constraints. Nevertheless, regional disparities persisted, with higher adoption in western and southern regions and lower uptake in northern areas, where stigma and limited trust in technology remained important barriers. Comparative analysis further demonstrated the platform’s strengths in cultural adaptation and accessibility relative to global artificial intelligence tools requiring more advanced infrastructure, while ethical compliance was reported to be high despite regional variation in user trust. The study also situates these digital-health developments alongside the emergence of kwagheticin, a novel anticancer drug developed in Nigeria, highlighting the potential complementarity between locally adapted artificial intelligence interventions and indigenous therapeutic innovation. The study concludes that culturally responsive artificial intelligence platforms can strengthen breast cancer awareness, screening participation, and accessibility, particularly among older women. It contributes to digital health and cancer prevention research by demonstrating the potential value of integrating localized artificial intelligence, caregiver support, multilingual communication, and indigenous therapeutic innovation within strategies aimed at reducing late-stage diagnosis and improving breast cancer outcomes in Nigeria.
Herbal Formulation of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea), Chamomile (Matricaria recutita), and Saffron (Crocus sativus) in the Management of Geriatric Depression in Outpatient Clinics Atabo Amodu; Isaac John Umaru; Chakfa Nanmar
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 3 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i3.12145

Abstract

Depression among older adults is an increasing public health concern, particularly in resource-constrained settings such as Nigeria, where access to specialized psychiatric care remains limited and conventional antidepressant therapy may be complicated by polypharmacy and adverse effects. This study explores the potential of a combined herbal formulation containing equal proportions of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea), Chamomile (Matricaria recutita), and Saffron (Crocus sativus) as an adjunct to outpatient management of mild to moderate geriatric depression. A pilot observational study was conducted in outpatient clinics in Lagos, Nigeria, involving 60 participants aged 65 years and above who received the herbal formulation alongside routine counseling for eight weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and measures of functional independence. The findings show a 33.5% reduction in GDS scores, a 37.7% improvement in PSQI scores, a 33.6% reduction in caregiver burden, and a 15.7% increase in functional independence over the intervention period. Reported adverse events were mild and transient, consisting primarily of gastrointestinal discomfort and dizziness, suggesting acceptable short-term tolerability within the study population. These findings indicate that the combined herbal formulation, when used alongside routine counseling, may have potential as a culturally acceptable and comparatively accessible adjunctive approach for managing geriatric depression in resource-limited outpatient settings. However, given the observational pilot design, the findings should be interpreted as preliminary rather than causal evidence of efficacy. The study contributes to emerging research on integrative approaches to geriatric mental healthcare in Nigeria and highlights the need for adequately powered randomized controlled trials to evaluate efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes before broader clinical or policy integration is considered.
Impact of Breast Cancer Awareness Programmes on Prevention of Breast Cancer Using Artificial Intelligence among Nigerian Women Atabo Amodu; Isaac John Umaru; Chakfa Nanmar; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 3 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i3.12144

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women in Nigeria, where late presentation, limited screening infrastructure, and sociocultural barriers contribute to poor health outcomes. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Coursiv AI, a localized and adaptive artificial intelligence platform, in improving breast cancer awareness and prevention, with particular attention to older women. A mixed-methods design was employed across four regions of Nigeria, involving 2,000 women who participated in surveys and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that Coursiv AI significantly improved breast cancer awareness, screening uptake, and participation among older women compared with traditional outreach approaches. Its predictive analytics, caregiver-support modules, and multilingual interfaces in Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, and Pidgin English were particularly useful in addressing literacy barriers and mobility constraints. Nevertheless, regional disparities persisted, with higher adoption in western and southern regions and lower uptake in northern areas, where stigma and limited trust in technology remained important barriers. Comparative analysis further demonstrated the platform’s strengths in cultural adaptation and accessibility relative to global artificial intelligence tools requiring more advanced infrastructure, while ethical compliance was reported to be high despite regional variation in user trust. The study also situates these digital-health developments alongside the emergence of kwagheticin, a novel anticancer drug developed in Nigeria, highlighting the potential complementarity between locally adapted artificial intelligence interventions and indigenous therapeutic innovation. The study concludes that culturally responsive artificial intelligence platforms can strengthen breast cancer awareness, screening participation, and accessibility, particularly among older women. It contributes to digital health and cancer prevention research by demonstrating the potential value of integrating localized artificial intelligence, caregiver support, multilingual communication, and indigenous therapeutic innovation within strategies aimed at reducing late-stage diagnosis and improving breast cancer outcomes in Nigeria.
Herbal Formulation of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea), Chamomile (Matricaria recutita), and Saffron (Crocus sativus) in the Management of Geriatric Depression in Outpatient Clinics Atabo Amodu; Isaac John Umaru; Chakfa Nanmar
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 3 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i3.12145

Abstract

Depression among older adults is an increasing public health concern, particularly in resource-constrained settings such as Nigeria, where access to specialized psychiatric care remains limited and conventional antidepressant therapy may be complicated by polypharmacy and adverse effects. This study explores the potential of a combined herbal formulation containing equal proportions of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea), Chamomile (Matricaria recutita), and Saffron (Crocus sativus) as an adjunct to outpatient management of mild to moderate geriatric depression. A pilot observational study was conducted in outpatient clinics in Lagos, Nigeria, involving 60 participants aged 65 years and above who received the herbal formulation alongside routine counseling for eight weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and measures of functional independence. The findings show a 33.5% reduction in GDS scores, a 37.7% improvement in PSQI scores, a 33.6% reduction in caregiver burden, and a 15.7% increase in functional independence over the intervention period. Reported adverse events were mild and transient, consisting primarily of gastrointestinal discomfort and dizziness, suggesting acceptable short-term tolerability within the study population. These findings indicate that the combined herbal formulation, when used alongside routine counseling, may have potential as a culturally acceptable and comparatively accessible adjunctive approach for managing geriatric depression in resource-limited outpatient settings. However, given the observational pilot design, the findings should be interpreted as preliminary rather than causal evidence of efficacy. The study contributes to emerging research on integrative approaches to geriatric mental healthcare in Nigeria and highlights the need for adequately powered randomized controlled trials to evaluate efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes before broader clinical or policy integration is considered.
Co-Authors Atabo Amodu Isaac John Umaru Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru