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All Journal Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Lingkungan Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan Jurnal Rekayasa Bahan Alam dan Energi Berkelanjutan Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan CHEESA: Chemical Engineering Research Articles Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering REACTOR : Journal of Research On Chemistry And Engineering Jurnal Altifani Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Mineral Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Jurnal abimana (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Nasional)
Yeni Ria Wulandari
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Journal : jurnal kimia sains dan aplikasi

 1 
Enhanced Bio-Oil Production from Agricultural Waste via NiCl₂-Assisted Pyrolysis: A Comparative Study of Candlenut and Coffee Shells Wulandari, Yeni Ria; Firmansyah, Muhammad Arif; Variyana, Yeni; Haryono, Tri; Sukma, Vinda Avri; Sudibyo, Sudibyo; Purwanto, Nurjan Didik
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 2 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 2 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.2.119-131

Abstract

Indonesia’s limited fossil fuel reserves, coupled with increasing national energy demand, highlight the need for alternative and renewable fuel sources. Biomass-derived bio-oil produced through pyrolysis represents a promising solution that can both reduce dependence on petroleum-based fuels and mitigate environmental pollution from underutilized biomass waste. This study investigates the production of bio-oil from candlenut shells and coffee shells through pyrolysis at varying temperatures (250, 350, and 450°C), conducted with and without a NiCl2 catalyst. The bio-oil was characterized for yield, density, and viscosity. The highest bio-oil yields from non-catalytic pyrolysis were achieved at 450°C, amounting to 39.14% for candlenut shells and 41.80% for coffee shells. Catalytic pyrolysis using NiCl2 enhanced the bio-oil yield, producing up to 55.78% (candlenut shells at 450°C) and 58.05% (coffee shells at 350°C). Density measurements showed the highest values in catalytic pyrolysis at 250°C, while the lowest densities were observed in non-catalytic pyrolysis at 450°C. Viscosity followed a similar trend, decreasing with increasing temperature and the presence of the catalyst. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups including C–O, C=O, C=C, C≡C, C–H, and O–H. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of candlenut and coffee shell waste as feasible feedstocks for bio-oil production, offering alternative renewable energy sources for future applications.
Co-Authors Afifah, Dian Ayu Aji, Salomo Pranata Alvita, Livia Rhea Amelia Sri Rezki Amelia Sri Rezki Andika Wahyu Purnama Arief, Febrina Cendekia, Devy Dahlan, Astryd Viandila Damayanti Damayanti Dedi Teguh Dewi Agustina Iryani Dewi Ermaya Dewi Ermaya Dewi Ermaya DIDIK PURWANTO Efendi, Dimas Amirul Mukminin Nur Endang Palupi Suryaningtyas Fadian Farisan Silmi Fernando, Riki Firmansyah, Muhammad Arif Gelegar, Iyappateya Hamdi, Rafiqul Hanifah, Windia Herlambang, M. Julian Ho-Shing Wu Ismadi Raharjo Kurniawan, Dodi Lutfi Wahidatur Rizky Luth Hamam Nirmagusitna, Dwi Eva Nita Pita Sari Nurwijayanti Oktaviani , Lahara Purnani, Mawar Siti Putri Andini, Mutia Merry Putri, Cynthia Eka Ramandani, Adityas Agung Rezki, Amelia Sri Ricky Fernando Sari, Nita Pita Shintawati Shintawati Shintawati Shintawati Shintawati shintawati, shintawati Shitawati Shintawati Sri Rahayu Widyaningrum Sudibyo Sudibyo Sukma, Vinda Avri Teguh, Dedi Teguh, Dedi Tri Haryono Variyana, Yeni Windia Hanifah Yana Sukaryana