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All Journal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences. Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science
Palungan, Juliana
Universitas Sriwijaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Potential of Instant Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) as an Immunomodulatory Agent against Viral Infections: A Systematic Narrative Review Firmansah, Moh.; Thaher, M Iman Tarmizi; Palungan, Juliana; Dewa, Sima Asmara; Rahmah, Winda Wahyu Setya; Arta, Alfa Frista; Fauziyah, Ageng Hasna
Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Science and Pharmacy
Publisher : Pustaka Media Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63763/ijsp.v3i3.160

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased public interest in traditional herbal medicines, particularly instant temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), as immune-boosting agents. This systematic narrative review evaluates the immunomodulatory and antiviral potential of temulawak's bioactive compounds, especially curcuminoids, in the context of instant herbal formulations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct using Boolean operators. From 247 initial records, 38 articles met the inclusion criteria. Evidence demonstrates that curcuminoids exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, influenza, hepatitis B/C, dengue, and HIV through inhibition of viral entry, replication, and modulation of NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Immunomodulatory effects include enhanced macrophage function, T-cell modulation, and cytokine balance regulation. A notable case report showed C. xanthorrhiza consumption led to HBsAg seroconversion in a chronic hepatitis B patient. However, critical gaps persist regarding the specific efficacy of instant formulations, bioavailability challenges of curcumin in processed forms and the absence of rigorous clinical trials on temulawak instan specifically. Future research should prioritize standardized formulations, bioavailability optimization, and clinical validation to bridge the translational gap between in vitro evidence and practical herbal applications.
A multi-target therapeutic strategy: The efficacy of coffea canephora husk extract in mitigating oxidative stress, infection, and inflammation – a systematic review Kamilah, Rona Hawa; Palungan, Juliana
Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Volume 9 Number 2
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/minh.v9i2.2537

Abstract

Background: Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) husk is a massive agro-industrial by-product. Despite possessing a rich phytochemical profile superior to Arabica, it remains underutilized as environmental waste. This review explores its valorization from a pollutant into a functional pharmaceutical resource. Purpose: To synthesize evidence regarding the bioactive potential of Robusta husk as a "natural shield" against oxidative stress and infections, and assess its feasibility in pharmaceutical formulation development. Method: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar (2020–2026) identified 17 eligible studies. These included in vitro, in vivo, and formulation research selected for synthesis. Results: Robusta husk is exceptionally rich in caffeine and chlorogenic acids. It exhibits potent antioxidant activity (IC50<50 ppm) and antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo studies further confirm anti-inflammatory and wound-healing acceleration. Technically, the extract has been successfully formulated into stable antioxidant gels, lotions, and peel-off masks. Conclusion: C. canephora husk acts as a promising multi-target therapeutic agent. Future research must prioritize standardization and clinical trials to facilitate its translation into standardized herbal medicines.
Sistem Penghantaran Obat Mutakhir: Tantangan Formulasi Nano untuk Fitokimia yang Sulit Larut dalam Air Juliana Palungan; Rona Hawa Kamilah; Moh. Firmansah; Sima Asmara Dewa Marya Mahardika Putri; Winda Wahyu Setya Rahmah; M Iman Tarmizi Thaher
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1537

Abstract

The poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability of various phytochemical compounds (BCS Classes II and IV) continue to be major obstacles in the development of modern therapeutics, despite their remarkable therapeutic potential. This narrative review critically evaluates the use of nanoscale drug delivery systems to overcome the biopharmaceutical limitations of hydrophobic phytochemicals and pinpoints key challenges in clinical translation and industrial-scale production. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest literature on the effectiveness of nanotechnology-based physicochemical modifications, including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanosuspensions, polymeric micelles, liposomes, and phytosomes. The review's results indicate that nano-carrier engineering significantly enhances solubility, avoids first-pass metabolic degradation, and enables targeted delivery. Specifically, nanoformulations have proven effective at penetrating the dense matrix of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer therapy, crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in neurodegenerative diseases, and protecting drugs from stomach acid in infectious and metabolic conditions. However, the transition toward commercialization is hindered by issues of long-term physicochemical stability (e.g., lipid polymorphic transitions) and challenges in standardizing botanical raw materials. These issues affect the reproducibility of large-scale production, ultimately delaying the availability of these promising therapies to patients in need. In conclusion, while nanoformulations offer transformative solutions for overcoming phytochemical biological barriers, standardizing protocols, innovating green synthesis, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for overcoming scalability barriers and preparing these innovations for clinical application.
Co-Authors Arta, Alfa Frista Dewa, Sima Asmara Fauziyah, Ageng Hasna Kamilah, Rona Hawa M Iman Tarmizi Thaher Moh. Firmansah Rahmah, Winda Wahyu Setya Rona Hawa Kamilah Sima Asmara Dewa Marya Mahardika Putri Thaher, M Iman Tarmizi Winda Wahyu Setya Rahmah