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INDONESIA
Kultivasi
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 14124718     EISSN : 2581138X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Kultivasi diterbitkan oleh Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jurnal ini terbit tiga kali dalam setahun, yaitu pada bulan Maret, Agustus, dan Desember. Kultivasi mempublikasikan hasil penelitian dan pemaparan ilmiah dari para dosen dan peneliti di bidang budidaya tanaman. Bidang kajian yang dipublikasikan jurnal ini diantaranya adalah agronomi, pemuliaan tanaman, ilmu gulma, teknologi benih, teknologi pasca panen, ilmu tanah, dan proteksi tanaman.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 515 Documents
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Growth response and yield performance of upland rice intercropped with legumes Sevirasari, Nindy; Hidayati, Wilujeng; Az Zahroh, Zulfa; Febriansyah, Bayu; Fiana, Marifatul Apri; Rochmaniah, Nabilla Najwa; Faozi, Khavid; Bayyinah, Lafi Na’imatul; Maryanto, Joko; Fauzi, Ahmad
Kultivasi Vol 25, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v25i1.67508

Abstract

Intercropping patterns in upland rice must be carefully managed to prevent excessive competition among crops. This research aimed to determine the ideal proportion of upland rice–legume intercropped and legume types for rice growth and yield. The research was conducted in Mersi, East Purwokerto, Banyumas, Central Java, from April–August 2025. The study was arranged in a split-plot design consisting of a main factor in form of the proportion of upland rice to legumes (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1), and a sub-factor, i.e., legume types (peanuts, mung beans, and soybeans). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Tukey's HSD test at α = 5%. The results showed that the height of upland rice plants in intercropping was significantly higher than in sole cropping at 35 and 56 days after planting (DAP). The SPAD leaf greenness index of upland rice leaves at 70 DAP in sole cropping was significantly higher than in intercropping. Intercropping produced the insignificant number of stems, leaves, panicles, dry weight, number, and weight of grain per plant as upland rice in sole cropping. The number and weight of empty grains per plant, as well as upland rice productivity in sole cropping, were significantly higher than in intercropping. Both factors did not significantly affect the growth and yield of upland rice under intercropping condition. Intercropping upland rice and peanuts at a 2:1 planting proportion resulted in a land equivalent ratio greater than 1, indicating that the system was productive and efficient despite a high competitive ratio.
Target-site resistance to glyphosate in Eleusine indica biotypes from South Sulawesi and Lampung, Indonesia Lazuardi, Ahmad Nur; Kurniadie, Denny; Umiyati, Uum; Widianto, Ryan
Kultivasi Vol 25, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v25i1.69589

Abstract

Glyphosate is a non-selective systemic herbicide that has been widely used to control weeds by local corn farmers in South Sulawesi and Lampung Provinces of Indonesia. However, some corn farmers in these two regions were considered that glyphosate herbicide at the standard field dose no longer effective against goosegrass (Eleusine indica). To confirms the level of its resistance to glyphosate, seeds of E. indica suspected to be glyphosate-resistant were collected from corn fields in Soppeng Regency-South Sulawesi and South Lampung Regency-Lampung (designated as GR-1 and GR-2 respectively), along with a known susceptible biotype from Sumedang Regency-West Java (GS) as a comparison. By using whole-plant pot assay method in a greenhouse at the Ciparanje. A range of seven glyphosate concentrations was applied to the seedlings at the Experimental Farm, representing 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 x the standard field rate. Dose–response experiment showed that GR-1 and GR-2 biotypes has a low levels resistance to glyphosate (2.57 and 2.96 folds of each) compared to susceptible biotype (GS). Sequencing results confirmed the Pro-106-Ser mutation in the EPSPS genes of the resistant biotypes. This specific amino acid substitution is among the most frequently documented mechanisms of resistance in weed species. Therefore, the shared mutation in the GR-1 and GR-2 biotypes likely confers this resistance. These findings serve as an early warning for corn farmers to manage and prevent further spread of E. indica glyphosate-resistant biotypes.
Growth and yield response of shallots to NPK, NK, and humic acid under different mycorrhiza application Laila, Alfu; Sulistyorini, Endang
Kultivasi Vol 25, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v25i1.68117

Abstract

One strategy to increase shallot production is the utilization of microorganisms in the soil, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which is applied together with fertilizer. This research aimed to investigate the effects of different nutrient inputs and mycorrhizal association on the growth and yield of shallots. This study used a split-plot design with three replications as blocks. The main plot included four treatments: no nutrient inputs, NPK fertilizer, NK fertilizer, and humic acid, while the subplot involved the mycorrhiza application (with or without). The measured variables included growth (plant height and number of leaves) and yield (fresh weight and number of bulbs per plant). The results showed no interaction between treatments for any growth or yield parameters. Application of humic acid significantly improved shallot development and yield, producing the highest results compared to other fertilizer types. Mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced plant height and boosted bulb weight per plant. The application of humic substances has been proven to increase 27.82%, while AMF enhanced 12.9 % weight bulb of shallots. Hence, humic substances have the potential to enhance the shallot with or without AMF application.
Response of chlorophyll, morphology, and yield of several East Java superior soybean (Glycine max L.) varieties to levels of salinity Tarigan, Puji Lestari; Moeljani, Ida Retno; Suryandika, Fadila; Munarko, Hadi
Kultivasi Vol 25, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v25i1.69758

Abstract

Soybean production has been extended to saline areas. This development is a strategy to expand planting areas to suboptimal land to increase worldwide production. To support cultivation in these locations, it is necessary to develop superior varieties that are resistant to salinity and provide supporting technological inputs. In saline conditions, soybeans may face stress that leads to morphological, physiological, and yield disturbances. Consequently, the response of several soybeans in East Java should be observed. This study is a pot experiment and arranged in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors, soybean varieties and NaCl concentrations. The treatments comprise several NaCl levels: 0 g/L (non-saline), 5 g/L (moderate salinity), 15 g/L (high salinity), and 25 g/L (very high salinity). The observation used several parameters: chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf number, flowering time, pod forming time, number of pods, number of seeds, weight of 100 seeds, and harvest time. The soybean varieties used were Anjasmoro, Wilis, Dering 1, and Dering 3. Anjasmoro was identified as the soybean variety most tolerant to salinity stress based on chlorophyll content, morphology, and yield.
Effects of phosphate-solubilizing fungi on phosphorus availability, retention, and soil chemical properties in shallot cultivated on andisols of North Sumatra Marpaung, Agustina Erlinda; Sabrina, Tengku; Rauf, Abdul; Susilowati, Dwi Ningsih
Kultivasi Vol 25, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v25i1.68191

Abstract

The availability of phosphorus (P) is one of the main limiting factors for plant productivity in Andisol soils due to the strong fixation of P by allophane clay minerals, aluminum and iron oxides. Giving the phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) is an alternative to increase available P which plants can use to increase the yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) in improving P availability on Andisol. The experiment used a block randomized design (BRD) with three replications. The first factor is Andisol soil origin (Soil 1 and Soil 2) and the second is isolate of phosphate solubilizing fungi (Aspergillus niger P13, A. niger P21, A. pseudodeflectus BJ21, and A. niger BJ23). The research results showed that Soil 1 generally produces higher growth and yield of shallots than soil 2. A. pseudodeflectus BJ21 can increase available P by 48.46% and A. niger P13 by 45.71% compared to without phosphate solubilizing fungi. A. niger P13 can reduce P retention by 18.48% compared to without phosphate solubilizing fungi. A. niger BJ23 can increase plant P uptake by 35.35% compared to without phosphate solubilizing fungi. Inoculation of isolates A. niger P13 and A. pseudodeflectus BJ21 was able to adapt and grow well on Andisol soil which significantly increased the population compared to the control. Indigenous phosphate-solubilizing fungi (A. niger and A. pseudodeflectus) improved P availability and uptake in Andisol, reduced P retention, adapted well to the soil environment, and showed strong potential as environmentally friendly biofertilizers based on local resources.
Differential effects of thiamine, BAP, and thidiazuron combinations on shoot multiplication and phenolic-flavonoid accumulation in pineapple in vitro cultures Rachman, Dinda Septia; Suminar, Erni; Nuraini, Anne; Wicaksono, Fiky Yulianto; Amien, Suseno; Mubarok, Syariful; Hermanto, Hermanto
Kultivasi Vol 25, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v25i2.70924

Abstract

The demand for high-quality pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) planting materials continues to increase, while conventional propagation methods are limited in multiplication rate, uniformity, and production efficiency. In vitro culture offers an alternative approach for rapid and large-scale seedling production. However, information on the effects of thiamine and cytokinin combinations on both shoot multiplication and phenolic-flavonoid accumulation in pineapple in vitro remains limited. This study evaluated ten defined combinations of thiamine and cytokinin for shoot multiplication and total phenolic-flavonoid contents of pineapple explants. The experiment employed a completely randomized design with 10 treatment combinations of thiamine (0.1 and 0.4 mg/L), cytokinin TDZ (0.01 and 0.1 mg/L) and BAP (1 and 2 mg/L) with three replications. The combination of 0.1 mg/L thiamine and 1 mg/L BAP produced the highest number of shoots (3.33 shoots) and leaves (17.56 leaves). In contrast, 0.4 mg/L thiamine combined with 0.1 mg/L resulted in the earliest shoot emergence (54.67 day after subculture) and the highest total phenolic content (13.62 mg GAE/g DW) and total flavonoid content (15.41 mg QE/g DW). No visible browning symptoms were observed in this treatment. These findings demonstrate that the optimal culture conditions differed according to the intended objective, 0.1 mg/L thiamine with 1 mg/L BAP favored shoot proliferation and leaf development, whereas 0.4 mg/L thiamine with 0.1 mg/L TDZ favored phenolic and flavonoid accumulation.
Performance of dual-form Terminalia catappa organic fertilizers on sweet corn yield and economic viability in tropical highlands Sari, Stefina Liana; Solihin, Eso; Budiarto, Rahmat
Kultivasi Vol 25, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v25i2.70251

Abstract

Recycling underutilized plant biomass into organic fertilizers underpins low-input cropping strategies, but liquid and solid formulations derived from a common feedstock have seldom been evaluated side by side under field conditions. This study aimed to (i) characterize the physicochemical properties and safety profile of a liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and a crumb-type organic fertilizer (COF) co-produced from Terminalia catappa leaf compost, (ii) compare their effects on sweet corn growth and yield, (iii) determine relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE), and (iv) evaluate economic feasibility of the most promising organic–inorganic combinations. We produced LOF and COF through aerobic composting of Terminalia catappa leaves (60%), black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larval frass (20%), and livestock manure (20%); the LOF was recovered as composting leachate and the COF as the dried, friable compost residue. Laboratory characterization confirmed that both products met Indonesian national quality standards (SNI 8167:2015 and SNI 7763:2024), with heavy metals and microbial contaminants well below permissible limits. Two parallel field trials were then conducted (November 2025–February 2026) on a volcanic Andisol near Lembang, West Java (ca. 1,200 m a.s.l.) using sweet corn cv. Paragon. Each trial followed a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and four replicates. LOF at one dose (50 L ha⁻¹) combined with only one-quarter of the standard NPK achieved the highest husked-ear yield (8,500 kg ha⁻¹, relative agronomic effectiveness/RAE = 250%) and the most favorable benefit–cost ratio (B/C = 1.21). COF at one dose (1,000 kg ha⁻¹) with half the standard NPK yielded 16,849 kg ha⁻¹ (RAE = 154%, B/C = 1.61). The two formulations require distinct integration strategies: LOF can substitute up to 75% of mineral NPK, whereas COF performs best at 50% replacement. These findings support the valorization of T. catappa leaf litter into dual-form organic fertilizers for tropical highland sweet corn systems.
The effectiveness of Bacillus-coated NPK fertilizer on broccoli growth, nutrient status, rhizosphere Bacillus population, yield, and flower quality Fitriatin, Betty Natalie; Risanti, Rara Rahmatika; Hindersah, Reginawanti; Hanindipto, Fasa Aditya; Nugraha, Gita Bina
Kultivasi Vol 25, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v25i2.71019

Abstract

Efforts to increase the availability of macronutrients in soil have relied on inorganic fertilization, particularly NPK fertilizers. However, global challenges in the fertilizer raw material supply chain, including price fluctuations and availability, are driving the need for more efficient and sustainable fertilizer alternatives.  The  field experiment was conducted in Baruajak, Lembang District, West Java, Indonesia, to evaluate the effectiveness of Bacillus-coated NPK fertilizer on broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) growth, nutrient status, rhizosphere Bacillus population, yield, and flower quality. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with 15 fertilizer treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of two coated NPK formulations, Formula C (0.4% Bacillus consortium + 0.2% zeolite) and Formula G (0.2% Bacillus consortium + 0.4% zeolite), applied once or twice at 100%, 75%, and 50% of the recommended NPK dose, and conventional NPK fertilizer at the same dose levels. The recommended NPK dose for broccoli was 300 kg ha⁻¹. Plant growth, chlorophyll content, shoot biomass, nutrient concentration and uptake, soil nutrient status, rhizosphere Bacillus population, flower yield, flower diameter, and vitamin B3 and K contents were observed. The results showed that Bacillus-coated NPK fertilizer generally improved vegetative growth compared with conventional NPK fertilizer. Formula G applied once at 100% recommended NPK dosage produced the highest flower weight and diameter, while Formula C applied once at 75% resulted in the highest vitamin B3 and vitamin K contents. The coated NPK fertilizer maintained shoot N, P, and K concentrations comparable to those of conventional NPK and showed potential to partially or fully replace conventional NPK in broccoli cultivation.
The effect of silica-enriched rice husk biochar and NPK fertilizer on soil total nitrogen, nitrogen uptake, and yield of lowland rice Sofyan, Emma Trinurani; Mulyani, Oviyanti; Citraresmini, Ania; Rachmadi, Meddy; Livia, Kharmelia Sandra
Kultivasi Vol 25, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v25i2.70657

Abstract

Rice production in Indonesia increasingly relies on agricultural intensification, which can accelerate soil degradation and reduce fertilizer-use efficiency. Therefore, sustainable soil management is needed to maintain soil fertility. Silica-enriched rice husk biochar (biochar-silica) is a promising soil amendment because it improves soil properties and nutrient retention. This study evaluated the effects of biochar-silica and NPK fertilization on soil total nitrogen, nitrogen uptake, and yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was conducted from September 2025 to January 2026 using a two-factor randomized block design with nine treatment combinations and three replications. The treatment consisted of three levels of amendment (0 t biochar ha−1; 1.25 t biochar ha−1 + 160 kg SiO2 ha−1; 2.5 t biochar ha−1 + 320 kg SiO2 ha−1) and three levels of NPK fertilizer application (0 kg urea ha−1 + 50 kg SP-36 ha−1 + 37.5 kg KCl ha−1; 100 kg urea ha−1 + 50 kg SP-36 ha−1 + 37.5 kg KCl ha−1; 200 kg urea ha−1 + 100 kg SP-36 ha−1 + 75 kg KCl ha−1). Significant interaction effects were observed on soil total nitrogen, harvested dry grain yield, and milled dry grain yield, whereas nitrogen uptake was significantly affected only by NPK fertilizer application. Under the experimental conditions, the interaction between biochar-silica and NPK fertilizer application resulted in soil total nitrogen to 0.42% and milled dry grain yield to 6.63 t ha⁻¹. These findings demonstrate that integrating biochar-silica with NPK fertilizer application can improve soil nitrogen status and support lowland rice production.
Genetic diversity and rhizome flesh color variation among indonesian turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) accession revealed by SSR markers Amien, Suseno; Anggraeni, Marisa; Karuniawan, Agung; Wicaksana, Noladhi
Kultivasi Vol 25, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v25i2.71036

Abstract

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a rhizomatous plant widely cultivated in Indonesia. Although recent studies have demonstrated that simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are highly effective for assessing genetic diversity in Curcuma longa germplasm, most investigations have focused either on molecular diversity or breeding-oriented germplasm characterization traits of agronomic without integrating phenotypic commercial importance, particularly rhizome flesh color. The study was conducted from February to May 2026. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and rhizome flesh color variation among Indonesian turmeric accessions collected by Plant Breeding Laboratory at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, and was grown at the Ciparanje Experimental Farm. Eighteen turmeric accessions from various locations in Indonesia were analyzed using six SSR markers to assess genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships. The results showed that 12 polymorphic alleles were identified, with the highest polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.58 observed for the CuMiSat-35 primer. Principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis divided the accessions into two main clusters, with Jaccard genetic distances ranging from 0.00 to 0.80, indicating genetic diversity among the 18 turmeric accessions tested. The accession pairs with the longest kinship distances were found between accession CL-93 (South Sulawesi) and several other accessions, such as CL-01, CL-20, CL-25, CL-34, CL-36, CL-38, CL-47, CL-61, and CL-84, with a Jaccard coefficient of 0.80 and a genetic similarity of 20%, indicating the presence of genetic variation. Eighteen turmeric accessions exhibited varying rhizome flesh colors, which illustrates the differences in curcumin content.

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