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INDONESIA
Kultivasi
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 14124718     EISSN : 2581138X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Kultivasi diterbitkan oleh Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jurnal ini terbit tiga kali dalam setahun, yaitu pada bulan Maret, Agustus, dan Desember. Kultivasi mempublikasikan hasil penelitian dan pemaparan ilmiah dari para dosen dan peneliti di bidang budidaya tanaman. Bidang kajian yang dipublikasikan jurnal ini diantaranya adalah agronomi, pemuliaan tanaman, ilmu gulma, teknologi benih, teknologi pasca panen, ilmu tanah, dan proteksi tanaman.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 495 Documents
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Comparative study of rice morphological and physiological characteristics of rice grown under organic and inorganic farming Safrudin, Amad; Dewi, Ratna; Dulbari, Dulbari
Kultivasi Vol 23, No 3 (2024): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v23i3.55286

Abstract

Organic farming practices have shown a potential to improve rice yields, aside from the popular conventional ones. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the morpho-physiological characteristics of rice plants grown under organic and inorganic farming. This research was conducted at the Polinela Organic Farm experimental station (5°21'10"S 105°13'43"E, 114 m sea above level), from February to April 2023 using a completely randomized design. The results showed that rice grown organically exhibited a notably higher chlorophyll index and actual water use efficiency compared to those grown inorganically. Conversely, inorganic farming resulted in a greater number of tillers than organic farming. However, there were no significant differences between the two systems regarding CO2 efficiency and plant height. An interesting fact is the improved water use efficiency by organic farming helps rice plants to achieve similar growth performance while requiring less water.
Heterologous expression of maize-derived antimicrobial peptide ZmES4 in Escherichia coli for potential plant pathogen control Amien, Suseno; Nurdiana, Dadi; Istifadah, Noor; Wicaksana, Noladhi; Salsabila, Haifanisa
Kultivasi Vol 24, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v24i1.62598

Abstract

ZmES4 is a plant-derived antimicrobial peptide (AMP) from maize that shows promise as a biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic organisms. In the context of growing challenges in sustainable agriculture, AMPs like ZmES4 represent innovative alternatives to chemical pesticides. This study focuses on the structural characterization and heterologous expression of the ZmES4 peptide in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The gene encoding ZmES4 was obtained from the maize female gametophyte (NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_001112150.3) and cloned into the pET24d(+) expression vector using NcoI and XhoI restriction sites. Transformation into E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells enabled recombinant expression upon induction with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Bradford assays confirmed the expression of ORF-ZmES4, with protein concentrations ranging from 14.647 to 63.606 mg/mL. The successful expression of ZmES4 in E. coli highlights its potential application as a recombinant AMP for future plant disease management strategies.
Cluster analysis to explore morphological variation of banana (Musa spp.): A case study in Jember and Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia Sa'diyah, Halimatus; Sari, Vega Kartika; Rusdiana, Riza Yuli; Khofi, Achmad Chaqiqotul
Kultivasi Vol 24, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v24i1.61853

Abstract

Banana (Musa spp.) is an important horticultural plant with a high variety in Indonesia; yet, knowledge on the morphological characteristics of indigenous bananas in East Java remains inadequate. This research aims to identify the variation and classify banana cultivars in East Java based on morphological character. The exploration was conducted using the accidental sampling method. The observations include 15 qualitative and 9 quantitative characters. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the data, followed by cluster analysis using the average linkage method and Euclidean distance. The exploration resulted in 15 banana cultivars with varying morphology. The cluster analysis shows banana cultivars can be divided into four major groups. The first group includes six banana cultivars distinguished by many hands per bunch and a short petiole length. The second group comprises seven banana cultivars with medium leaf length and stem diameter, with Morosebo and Musang being the outliers. The third and fourth groups have only one banana cultivar, Musang and Agung, respectively. The Musang banana has distinct physical characters, most notably a large stem diameter, whilst the Agung banana has a longer fruit length and wider fruit circumference than others. The coefficient of variation (CV) is moderate, with the fruit length, fruit circumference, fruit stem diameter, and stem diameter all having a CV greater than 47%. Thus, they have the potential for further development through plant breeding programs
The effect of topping and various cytokinin-based plant growth regulators applications on immature Liberica coffee growth Maxiselly, Yudithia; Samuel, Joshua; Suherman, Cucu
Kultivasi Vol 24, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v24i1.62677

Abstract

The growth of Liberica coffee in the 2-year immature plant phase can be improved by applying cytokinin-based plant growth regulators (PGRs) and topping. Toppings applied to plants can inhibit apical dominance, while cytokinin PGRs such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and coconut water can stimulate plant shoot growth. This research aims to determine the effect of topping and PGR application on the vegetative growth of Liberica coffee plants. This experiment was carried out at the Ciparanje experimental field, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, with an elevation of ± 750 meters above sea level from March to June 2024. The experimental design used a randomized block design with six treatments: control (no topping and no added PGR), topping, topping + 60 ppm BAP, topping + 50% coconut water, 60 ppm BAP, and 50% coconut water. Each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed the best results were (a) topping treatments (topping, topping+coconut water, and topping+BAP) on canopy width and primary branch length; and (b) a combination of 50% coconut water and 60 ppm BAP on increasing the number of branches. This study provides information on efficient maintenance methods for Liberica coffee plant growth in the immature phase.
Role and key species of freshwater snails in enhancing plant growth performance of duckweeds (Spirodela polyrhiza) in rice paddy fields Yudistira, Dwi Harya; Gunawan, Fariz Ardiansyah; Arif, Shahla Aurelia; Sato, Satoru
Kultivasi Vol 24, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v24i1.61084

Abstract

Freshwater snails are widely distributed in the rice field ecosystem. Freshwater snails’ feeding and metabolic activities can potentially increase the complexity of freshwater ecosystems, particularly through the nutrient cycle. Cipangopaludina chinensis, Physa acuta, and Semisulcospira libertina are commonly found in Japan's paddy field ecosystems. Spirodela polyrhiza is expected to support biodiversity, improve soil fertility, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in paddy field ecosystems, while providing food and shelter for the snails.  In this study, we investigated the effects of these three snail species on the growth of Spirodela polyrhiza. The results showed that the presence of P. acuta or C. chinensis could promote the growth of S. polyrhiza compared with the presence of S. libertina, a mix, and the control. The relative growth rate for S. polyrhiza in the presence of P. acuta, C. chinensis + P. acuta, and C. chinesis was 1.10 ± 0.39, 1.10 ± 0.39, and 1.06 ± 0.31 fronds/day, respectively. In the S. libertina treatment, the number of S. polyrhiza fronds decreased as the snails consumed the plants. The number of fronds on the last day of treatment was 1.10 ± 1.10 fronds with a relative growth rate of 0.004 ± 0.030 fronds/day, whereas for the combination of C. chinensis + S. polyrhiza it was 4.80 ± 3.32 and 8.70 ± 3.61 fronds, respectively, with relative growth rate 0.13 ± 0.05 and 0.275 ± 0.06 fronds/day, respectively. Interestingly, these interspecific interactions increased S. polyrhiza performance, as indicated by greater frond length, root length, and frond chlorophyll content. This study highlights that interspecific interactions create complexity in the paddy field ecosystem, providing good conditions for biodiversity and indirectly supporting rice production.
Agronomic performance and stability of Padjadjaran hybrid maize in different agroecosystems Fadhillah, Farhan; Wicaksono, Fiky Yulianto; Yuwariah, Yuyun; Ruswandi, Dedi
Kultivasi Vol 24, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v24i1.62060

Abstract

The development of high-yielding hybrid maize is a strategic step to address global food demand amidst climate change. This study evaluates the agronomic performance of 14 maize genotypes—10 newly developed F1 hybrids and 4 commercial checks—under two planting densities (95,000 and 55,000 plants/ha) across three agroecosystems (lowland, midland, and highland). The objectives were to identify superior and adaptive genotypes and analyze genotype × environment interactions using AMMI and GGE biplot methods. Genotype G12 exhibited the highest yield (338.4 g/plant) at high density, especially in the highland, but showed poor stability. In contrast, G5 demonstrated consistent performance and stability across environments. This study highlights G5’s potential for broad adaptation and provides insights for breeding programs targeting maize productivity in diverse agroecosystems.
Evaluation of thermotherapy on potato tubers to control tuber-borne nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. Kurniawan, Wawan; Supramana, Supramana; Munif, Abdul; Giyanto, Giyanto
Kultivasi Vol 24, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v24i1.62705

Abstract

Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are significant plant-parasitic nematodes frequently transmitted through potato tubers and are a major factor contributing to the decline in both crop quality and yield. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of thermotherapy for eliminating Meloidogyne spp. from potato tubers and its impact on sprouting viability. Thermotherapy was conducted by immersing potato tubers and second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. in water at temperatures of 50 °C, 52.5 °C, 55 °C, and 60 °C for durations ranging from 5 to 75 minutes, depending on the treatment. Parameters observed included the mortality rate of Meloidogyne spp. J2 and the growth viability of potato seeds. The results showed that thermotherapy applied to second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. at 50 °C for 20 minutes resulted in complete (100%) nematode mortality. Similarly, the application of thermotherapy to potato tubers at 50 °C for 40 minutes did not significantly affect seed viability. During this treatment, the internal temperature of the tubers, measured at a depth of 1.5 cm, reached the target temperature of 50 °C at the 20-minute mark and was maintained until the 40th minute, ensuring an effective thermal exposure. These results indicate that thermotherapy at 50 °C for 40 minutes represents a safe and effective method for the elimination of Meloidogyne spp. in potato tubers. This approach offers a practical and promising strategy to enhance seed health and minimize the risk of nematode dissemination in potato cultivation systems. 
The interaction of nitrogen and potassium nutrients in increasing growth, yield, and quality of sweet corn products Syarifah, Risqa Naila Khusna; Purwanto, Purwanto; Sarjito, Agus; Hanifa, Hana; Bayyinah, Lafi Na'imatul
Kultivasi Vol 24, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v24i1.61308

Abstract

Fertilizer application is a strategy that can be used to increase sweet corn production and maintain environmental balance. This research aims (i) to determine the optimal dose of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers for sweet corn production; (ii) to study the agronomic and physiological responses of sweet corn plants at different nitrogen and potassium dose; and (iii) to determine the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) nutrient uptake and efficiency by sweet corn at different fertilizer doses and their interactions on yield and yield quality. The research was conducted from March to November 2022 in the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. The experimental design used was a randomized block design. The treatments tried were N doses (0 kg ha-1 (N0), 100 kg ha-1 (N1), 200 kg ha-1 (N2)) and K doses (0 kg ha-1 (K0), 75 kg ha-1 (K1), 150 kg ha-1 (K3)). Each treatment was repeated three times. The observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance to determine the effect of treatment. If the results differed significantly, Duncan’s multiple range test (α=5%) was performed. Variables observed included growth traits, yield and yield components, physiological, biochemical, nutrient uptake and efficiency, and sweetness level. The experimental results showed that nitrogen dosage had a significant influence on growth traits, yield, and yield components, physiological, biochemical, nutrient uptake and efficiency, and sweetness level. The K dosage had a significant influence on N and K nutrient uptake. The interaction between a N dose of 100 kg ha-1 and a K dose of 150 kg ha-1 shows the best values for plant growth rate and potassium uptake.
A review on detection of drought stress in tea plants through morphological, physiological, and biochemical approaches Anjarsari, Intan Ratna Dewi; Suminar, Erni; Wiharti, Nabila Ragil
Kultivasi Vol 24, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v24i1.62127

Abstract

Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) are important commodities with high economic value, but their production is greatly affected by environmental stresses such as drought and extreme temperatures. Global warming in recent years has led to extreme weather events and an increase in the earth's temperature, which also causes drought. Drought stress is one of the most significant abiotic factors affecting crop productivity. However, despite significant progress, there remains a notable gap in research, particularly the lack of integrated studies that combine morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators for early and precise detection of drought stress in tea plants. To identify and mitigate the impact of this stress, a comprehensive approach is needed that includes morphological, physiological, and biochemical aspects. The morphological approach includes changes in leaf structure, stomatal size and number, and root growth patterns. From a physiological perspective, plant response to drought can be seen through measurements of transpiration rate, leaf water potential, and photosynthetic capacity. On the biochemical side, the accumulation of compounds such as proline, antioxidant enzymes, and stress-related hormones, such as abscisic acid, plays a crucial role in plant adaptation to drought conditions. This review summarizes the latest findings related to these indicators by analyzing relevant articles published between 2007 and 2024, obtained through reference searches on Google Scholar and academic databases such as Scopus, EBSCO, and Clarivate. The articles were further analyzed using descriptive methods. This review aims to summarize the latest findings related to these indicators and identify the most effective methods for detecting drought stress in tea plants. A deeper understanding of the tea plant's response to drought through these three approaches is expected to provide a solid basis for developing better drought management strategies to maintain tea plant productivity amid increasingly extreme climate change.
The effect of soil conditioner and growth booster on the agronomic characters and number of nodules of black soybean Turmuktini, Tien; Santoso, I Putu Rahmat; Amalia, Lia; Sondari, Nunung; Ria, Elly Roosma; Muliani, Yenny; Kantikowati, Endang; Simarmata, Tualar
Kultivasi Vol 24, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Kultivasi
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v24i1.62993

Abstract

Soil Conditioner & Growth Booster (SCGB) is a potion that was made to be used as a soil conditioner and plant growth promoter. SCGB is made from organic matter, biological fertilizers, soil ameliorants, and microelements. This research aims to determine the best dosage of SCGB on the agronomic characters, effective nodules, and black soybean variety ‘Detam-1’ yield. This research was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Winaya Mukti University, Sumedang, Indonesia. This experiment used a simple randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 kg/ha) and repeated 4 times. The observation was conducted on a number of effective root nodules, plant height, number of leaves, 100-grain weight, number of pods, seed weight per plant, and seed weight per plot. The result showed that SCGB application significantly improved agronomic characteristics of black soybean plants, increasing the number of effective nodules by 147% to 168% compared to untreated plants. A dose of 3 kg/ha SCGB showed the best results in increasing 35% on yield seed weight per hectare compared to without application of SCGB.

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