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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 602 Documents
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Evaluation of the oral toxicity of formaldehyde in rats David, David; Arkerman, Hanslavina
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.106-112

Abstract

Formaldehyde is used in the production of plywood, particleboard, a wide variety of molded or extruded plastic items, and for preserving cadavers. Experimental posttest only control group design was used to determine the histopathological changes of rat stomach tissue exposed to formaldehyde for 12 weeks in thirty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150–200 g. The animals were randomized into three groups, namely the control group, the treatment group given 4 mg/L of formaldehyde, and the group treated with 6 mg/L of formaldehyde. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the thickness of the mucous layer of the gastric fundus between the control group and the group treated with 6 mg/L (p = 0.011), and also a significant difference in the thickness of the mucous layer of the gastric fundus between both treatment groups (4 mg/L vs. 6 mg/L) (p = 0.003), indicating that there was necrosis of the superficial layers of the gastric mucosa due to high concentrations of formaldehyde. In histopathology sections from all groups, similar changes were observed in both treatment groups, in the form of vacuolar (hydropic) degeneration of gastric fundus glands. In conclusion, administration of formaldehyde in drinking-water for 12 weeks caused histopathologic effects on the gastric mucosa in rats.
Multimicronutrient supplementation in older persons decreased zinc deficiency but not serum TNF- Herwana, Elly; Yenny, Yenny
Universa Medicina Vol 30, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2011.v30.102-110

Abstract

The increase in the population of older persons needs to be accompanied by increased quality of healthcare in older persons, particularly a decrease in the incidence of infections. Impaired immune responses are common in older adults, and immune senescence likely contributes to the increased incidence of infectious diseases in the older persons. The aging process decreases the immune response and many studies have been conducted to explain the role of supplementation with various micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, â-carotene and zinc, on the immune response. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of 6 months of multi-micronutrient (MMN) supplementation on zinc and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-á) levels in older persons. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 78 older persons, who were divided into two groups. The treatment group received MMN supplementation containing 40 mg elemental zinc, 120 mg ascorbic acid, 6 mg â-carotene, 15 mg á-tocopherol  and 400 ìg folic acid and the control group 400 mg calcium carbonate. The study did not demonstrate that 6 months of MMN supplementation resulted in significant differences between both groups, with respect to total protein, albumin, globulin, and TNF-á levels. In contrast, MMN supplementation significantly decreased the proportion of older persons with zinc deficiency in the treatment group, in comparison with the control group. The present data suggest that in older persons with relatively good immune and protein status, improvement of the immune status by MMN supplementation may be difficult and at best limited.
Induction of Plasmodium falciparum strain 2300 dormant forms by artemisinin Lilik Maslachah; Yoes Prijatna Dachlan; Chairul A. Nidom; Loeki Enggar Fitri
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.25-34

Abstract

BACKGROUND The presence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance and decreased efficacy of artemisinin and its derivatives has resulted in the issue of malaria becoming increasingly complex, because there have been no new drugs as artemisinin replacements. The aims of this research were to evaluate in vitro changes in ultrastructural morphology of P. falciparum 2300 strain after exposure to artemisinin. METHODS The research used an experimental design with post test only control group. Cultures of P. falciparum 2300 strain in one control and one mutant group were treated by exposure to artemisinin at IC50 10-7 M for 48 hours. Ultrastructural phenotypic examination of ring, trophozoite and schizont morphology and developmental stage in the control and mutant group were done at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours by making thin blood smears stained with 20% Giemsa for 20 minutes and examined using a microscope light at 1000x magnification. RESULTS Dormant forms occurred after 48 hours of incubation with IC50 10-7 M artemisinin in the control group. In the mutant group, dormant forms, trophozoites with blue cytoplasm and normal schizont developmental stages were seen. Ultrastructural phenotypic morphology at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours showed that in the control group dormant formation already occurred with exposure to IC50 10-7 M, while in the mutant group dormant formation occurred only with exposure to IC50 2.5x10-5 M. CONCLUSION Exposure to artemisinin antimalarials in vitro can cause phenotypic morphological changes of dormancy in P. falciparum Papua 2300 strain.
Increase in neutrophil count after repeated exposure of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice to artemisinin Maslachah, Lilik; Sugihartuti, Rahmi
Universa Medicina Vol 36, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2017.v36.49-58

Abstract

Background Leukocytes play an important role in the elimination of malaria infection. The leukocyte profile upon elimination of the malaria parasites that have been exposed to antimalarials and are subsequently capable of faster growth has not been researched. The aim of this research was to evaluate the role of mouse leukocytes in the elimination of parasites as shown by the leukocyte profile.Methods An experimental research with post test only control group design was conducted involving 24 male mice of the Swiss Albino strain weighing 20 g -30 g, and 2.5 months old. They were randomized into four groups: two control groups (K1, KP) and two treatment groups (P1, P4). Artemisinin at a dose of 0.04 mg/g body weight was given to the mice for 3 days, starting 2 days after infection. The leukocyte profile was observed on the 2nd, 5th, 8th, and 10th day after infection. The results were analyzed by two-way Anova.Results As shown in treatment control group KP and treatment group P4, P. berghei that had been passaged in the mice and were still viable after repeated exposure to artemisinin, may cause changes in leukocyte profile. On the 10th day of infection, the neutrophil percentage in group P1 showed a significantly different decrease when compared with the other groups (K1, KP and P4) (p<0.05).Conclusion Repeated exposure to artemisinin of mice infected with P. berghei can cause changes in neutrophil profile in mice.
Teknik reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) dan hibridisasi dot blot dengan pelacak DNA untuk deteksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dalam serum darah Rosilawati, Maria Lina; Bela, Budiman
Universa Medicina Vol 26, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2007.v26.111-119

Abstract

LATAR BELAKANGTeknik biologi molekuler seperti teknik reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) dot blot hybridization dengan pelacak DNA berlabel biotin dapat mendeteksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dalam serum darah. Teknik ini selanjutnya dapat diterapkan untuk skrining HIV donor jaringan biologi terutama dari Bank Jaringan Riset Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN), seperti amnion, allograft steril radiasi, melalui darahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan sensitivitas metode RT-PCR hibridisasi dot blot dengan pelacak DNA berlabel biotin dan RT-PCR elektroforesis gel agarosa untuk deteksi HIV.METODEPenelitian ini menggunakan serum darah dari Rumah Sakit Ketergantungan Obat (RSKO) Fatmawati. Jumlah serum yang dipakai sebanyak 55 sampel terdiri dari 5 sampel negatif HIV hasil uji serologi dengan rapid test dan 50 sampel dengan enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). Ekstraksi RNA HIV sampel darah dilaksanakan menggunakan kit RNA viral extraction sedangkan teknik one step RT-PCR digunakan untuk amplifikasi DNA. HASILHasil penelitian menunjukkan pada 55 sampel yang diuji baik dengan teknik RT-PCR elektroforesis gel agarosa maupun RT-PCR hibridisasi dot blot, 43 sampel positif mengandung HIV. Hasil RT-PCR hibridisasi dot blot jauh lebih jelas dibanding dengan RT-PCR-elektroforesis gel agarosa. Hal ini terlihat munculnya dot hitam tebal pada film sedangkan pada gel agarosa pita DNA tampak tipis untuk beberapa sampel positif HIV yang sama KESIMPULANTeknik RT-PCR hibridsasi dot blot dengan pelacak DNA berlabel biotin lebih sensitif dibanding dengan RT-PCR elektroforesis gel agarosa untuk mendeteksi HIV.
Dengue virus transovarial transmission by Aedes aegypti Hartanti, Monica Dwi; Suryani, Suryani; Tirtadjaja, Ingrid A.
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.65-70

Abstract

Dengue is a disease that is caused by dengue virus and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti. The disease is hyper-endemic in Southeast Asia, where a more severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), is a major public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to find evidence of dengue virus transovarial transmision in local vectors in Jakarta. Fifteen Aedes larvae were collected in 2009 from two areas in Tebet subdistrict in South Jakarta, namely one area with the highest and one with the lowest DHF prevalence. All mosquitoes were reared inside two cages in the laboratory, eight mosquitoes in one cage and seven mosquitoes in another cage and given only sucrose solution as their food. The results showed that 20% of the mosquitoes were positive for dengue virus. Dengue virus detection with an immunohistochemical method demonstrated the occurrence of transovarial transmission in local DHF vectors in Tebet subdistrict. Transovarial dengue infection in Ae.aegypti larvae appeared to maintain or enhance epidemics. Further research is needed to investigate the relation of dengue virus transovarial transmission with DHF endemicity in Jakarta.
Plasmodium falciparum infection and the risk of anemia in school children Suriyani Tan; Taniawati Supali; Heri Wibowo
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.128-134

Abstract

BACKGROUNDAccording to the World Health Organization, malaria is the major cause of death from tropical infections in children and pregnant women. Severe anemia is a common complication of malaria, particularly malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The purpose of the present study was to determine any association between Plasmodium falciparum infection and anemia in school children.METHODSThis was an observational study with cross-sectional approach. A total of 540 whole blood samples of school children after administration of anthelminthic treatment for 30 days, were collected for measurement of hemoglobin concentration and preparation of Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears.The species of Plasmodium was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Chi-square and prevalence ratio (PR) tests were used to determine the relationship between Plasmodium falciparum infection and anemia.RESULTSThe prevalence of Plasmodium infection in school children of malarial endemic areas was 3.51%. There were 43 cases of anemia with 41 cases of mild anemia and 2 cases of moderate anemia. Among the 41 mild cases of anemia,Plasmodium falciparum infection was found in only 3 cases. The 2 cases of moderate anemia and the remaining 38 cases of mild anemia were not caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection. Subjects with Plasmodium falciparum infection had a 1.91-fold higher risk of suffering from anemia than subjectswithout Plasmodium falciparum infection, but not significant (PR=1.91; 95% C.I.=0.65-5.62).CONCLUSIONSPlasmodium falciparum infection did not significantly increase the risk of anemia in school children. Efforts to improve strategies for controlling anemia and malaria are needed.
Prothrombine and activated partial thromboplastin time are prolonged in hepatic cirrhosis Limijadi, Edward Kurnia Setiawan; Suromo, Lisyani Budi; Budiwiyono, Imam
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.26-32

Abstract

BackgroundChronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis are chronic liver diseases that cause disorders of liver function, such as the formation of platelets and coagulation factors (prothrombin time/PT and activated partial thromboplastin time/APTT). Chronic hepatitis in the long term can develop into hepatic cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to determine platelet count, PT, and APTT as indicators in the progression of chronic hepatitis towards hepatic cirrhosis. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients with chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis in Semarang City Regional General Hospital, Telogorejo Hospital and Kariadi General Hospital. The platelet count was measured with a Sysmex XP-100, while PT and APTT was measured with a Sysmex CA-1500 coagulometer. The Mann Whitney test was applied to analyze the difference in platelet count, PT, and APTT between chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis. Results Median, minimum, and maximum values of platelet count, PT and APTT in chronic hepatitis were 284.000/µl, 210.000/µl, 390.000/µl; 10.6 sec, 9.5 sec, 13.6 sec; and 30.5 sec, 24.2 sec, 46.4 sec, respectively, and in hepatic cirrhosis they were 96.300/µl, 48.200/µl, 133.800/µl; 27.5 sec, 11.9 sec, 44.7 sec; and 55.6 sec, 31.3 sec, 72.0 sec, respectively. There was a significant difference the reduction of platelet count, and the prolongation of PT and APTT in chronic hepatitis compared to hepatic cirrhosis (p=0.000). ConclusionsProthrombine time and APTT were prolonged and platelet count was decreased in hepatic cirrhosis subjects. The three parameters may be used to evaluate the progression of chronic hepatitis towards hepatic cirrhosis.
The role of polyphenols in causing cardiovascular disease Yenny, Yenny; Herwana, Elly
Universa Medicina Vol 27, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2008.v27.29-38

Abstract

Research on flavonoids has increased since the discovery of the French Paradox, the low cardiovascular mortality rate observed in Mediterranean population in association with red wine consumption and a high saturated fat intake. Plant polyphenol (flavonoid) occurs naturally in fruits, vegetables, and beverages such as tea and wine. Epidemiologic studies suggest that higher polyphenol intake from fruits and vegetables is associated with decreased risk for cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms explaining this observation remain unclear. The vascular endothelium is a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis, and endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis and clinical expression of coronary artery disease. Platelet aggregation is a central mechanism in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes, including myocardial infarction and unstable angina. There are numerous reports suggesting that plant polyphenols improve endothelial function and inhibit platelet aggregation in humans.
Physical activity reduced hypertension in the elderly and cost-effective Gandasentana, Robert D.; Kusumaratna, Rina K.
Universa Medicina Vol 30, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2011.v30.173-181

Abstract

Sedentary lifestyle gives rise to important health problems in the world, such as cardiovascular disorders and hypertension. Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is the most significant risk factor for stroke. There is mounting evidence that physical activity is beneficial for the elderly, and may have positive effects on chronic disorders, such as hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of physical activity for reducing hypertension and the healthcare costs of hypertension in the elderly. This cross-sectional study, conducted from August to October 2009, involved 237 community-dwelling elderly in one district of South Jakarta, comprising 86 males and 151 females aged 66.4 ± 6.3 years. Data on background characteristics were collected using a validated questionnaire, while physical activity was assessed using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results showed that 32.9% elderly was physically active and 67.1 % less physically active. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 18.6%, while there was no significant difference of hypertension between male and female elderly (p=0.737). The risk for hypertension in the physically active group was 0.40 times lower than that in the less physically active group (OR = 0.40; 95% C.I. 0.16 – 0.97), leading to annual healthcare cost savings in the physically active group of 60%. In conclusion, physical activity reduces hypertension and the associated healthcare expenditure among community-dwelling elderly.

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