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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 589 Documents
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Hepatoprotective effects of celery in diethylene glycol induced toxicity in rats Ekowati, Heny; Waluyo, Syaikah Syahidah; Endriastuti, Nialiana Endah
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.172-180

Abstract

Background Diethylene glycol (DEG) is a contaminant in pharmaceutical solvents and potentially induces hepatotoxicity. Celery is hepatoprotective due to its antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of celery on DEG-induced liver injury in rats. Methods An experimental laboratory study was conducted involving 25 male Wistar rats weighing 200 grams. They were randomized into five groups (5 rats in each group). Group A served as the control group, while Group B received oral administration of DEG at a dose of 3 g/kg BW twice daily for three days, following six days of food and water administration. The other three groups received DEG at 3 g/kg BW following six days of celery extract once daily administration of 100 mg/kg BW (C), 200 mg/kg BW (D), and 400 mg/kg BW (E). After 14 days, all rats were sacrificed. Observations were conducted macroscopically and microscopically using H&E staining. Liver damage was scored, Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Mann-Whitney was used to analyze the data. Results Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the liver tissue in the celery groups revealed normal histological architecture with a significant reduction in liver damage. The ethanol extract of celery demonstrated hepatoprotective effects, as evidenced by a statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) in the activation of Kupffer cells, sinusoidal dilation, hepatocyte degeneration, and necrosis. Conclusion Celery has a protective effect against DEG-induced liver damage in rats based on the reduction in Kupffer cell activation, sinusoidal dilation, hepatocyte degeneration, and necrosis.
Fragrance preference of essential oil blends for reducing stress and sleep problems in adult women Sathirachawan, Kanchanapa; Chansiri, Kosum; Sirikate , Deeprom; Sittiprapaporn, Phakkharawat; Rungsiwiwut, Ruttachuk; Saiyudthong, Somrudee
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.162-171

Abstract

Background Aromatherapy with a blend of essential oils is an alternative treatment for stress and sleep disturbances, providing stress relief and sleep enhancement, while increasing the efficacy and scent appeal. This study aimed to formulate an essential oil blend with the potential to reduce stress and enhance sleep quality, and to identify the most preferred blend based on participant satisfaction. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 63 female volunteers aged 25 - 50 years. Three formulations (A, B, and C) of essential oil blends were developed, each with a distinct scent profile—floral, unisex, and aromatic. A preference test was conducted using a sensory evaluation method, assessing participants’ satisfaction of the blends through inhalation. Preferences were quantified using a structured scoring system. Formula B was the most popular and was further refined into two recipes, B1 and B2. B2 emerged as the preferred option, and its primary component was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results Formulation B, rich in bergamot oil, received significantly higher hedonic ratings than Formulation A (p<0.05) and was the most preferred in interviews. Participants recommended a milder, more balanced scent for relaxation and sleep. While B1 and B2 showed no significant differences, B2 was chosen for its higher bergamot content, fresher unisex profile, and reduced floral notes. GC–MS analysis identified limonene, menthol, and linalool as its main components. Conclusion This study demonstrated that an essential oil blend predominantly composed of bergamot oil was most favored by the volunteers, indicating its potential benefits for promoting relaxation.
Nephroprotective effect and untargeted metabolomic analysis of celery extract against diethylene glycol induced nephrotoxicity in rats Wijaya, Triyadi Hendra; Ekowati, Heny; Wasito, Hendri; Maryellen, Geeta; Silitonga, Tasya Melinda; Oktavian, Firdaus
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.190-200

Abstract

Background Diethylene glycol (DEG) is known for its nephrotoxic effects as a contaminant. Recent investigations suggest that celery extract potentially protects against DEG-induced renal toxicity, warranting an exploration of the non-targeted metabolomic profile of celery in renal tissue. This study aimed to determine celery nephroprotective effects and identify potential biomarkers using an untargeted metabolomic  celery profile in DEG-induced kidney injury in male rats. Methods An experimental study was conducted involving 24 male Wistar rats, randomized into control and three treatment groups receiving DEG at doses of 1, 3, and 5 g/BW for three days. After 14 days, all rats were sacrificed. For the celery nephroprotective and metabolomic study, 27 male rats were randomized into three groups:  control, DEG group at 3g/BW, and DEG-celery group (receiving celery extract 200mg/kg BW single dose for 6 days). After 14 days, blood was tested for creatinine level and untargeted metabolomic analysis using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze creatinine data. Results Diethylene glycol at doses of 1 and 3 g/kg BW caused mild renal damage, while 5 g/kg BW resulted in moderate damage. Creatinine levels in the normal, DEG-induced, and DEG-celery groups were 0.55 ± 0.14, 0.71±0.1, and 0.86± 0.17 mg/dL, respectively, but not statistically significantly different between groups (p>0.05). DEG lead tryptophan and phenylalanine levels increased 45-fold and 123-fold, respectively. Celery reduced levels of these metabolites 21-fold and 65-fold, respectively. Conclusion Diethylene glycol led to mild to moderate renal damage. Celery effectively diminished metabolite levels associated with renal damage, specifically tryptophan and phenylalanine.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic strategies for survival in patients with drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection: does quantity matter? De Rorna, Masrahma Reinataya; Ramadhani, Alfiyah; Hibatulloh, Muhammad Farhan; Agustina, Dini
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.232-244

Abstract

Background Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen frequently associated with severe hospital-acquired infections, particularly in intensive care units, and is characterized by high levels of antibiotic resistance, including to carbapenems. The rising prevalence of multidrug- and pan-drug-resistant strains poses significant therapeutic challenges and underscores the need for optimized treatment strategies to improve survival outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the impact of different antibiotic treatment modalities (monotherapy versus combination) on the clinical outcome of patients with Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. To find pertinent studies released up to 3 January 2025 a thorough search was done in electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and Scopus.  Results This systematic review and meta-analysis identified 20 studies for inclusion. No statistically significant overall survival difference was found (Pooled OR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.66- 1.03], p = 0.09), but subgroup analyses indicated that combination therapy markedly enhanced survival rates in patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii  (CRAB) infection, APACHE II scores below 20, and bloodstream infections. Meta-regression suggested that age may adversely affect treatment efficacy.   A trend favoring combination therapy was consistent across subgroups, despite some results not reaching statistical significance. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the treatment challenges of drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, particularly MDRAB, XDRAB, and CRAB strains. Combination therapy offers potential benefits in CRAB and moderate-severity cases but is not universally superior to monotherapy. Treatment outcomes are influenced by patient-specific factors such as age, infection type, and disease severity.
Diabetic retinopathy: pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment Yudistira, Yudistira; Hendrawan, Kevin Anggakusuma; Andayani, Ari; Suryathi, Ni Made Ari
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.270-284

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and one of the leading causes of vision impairment worldwide. Prolonged hyperglycemia initiates a cascade of molecular events including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and the activation of plasma kallikrein and protein kinase C signaling pathways, which leads to endothelial damage and pericyte loss. The resulting endothelial barrier dysfunction promotes serum leakage and retinal edema, while advanced disease stages are characterized by ischemia-driven retinal neovascularization mediated by elevated intraocular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Current therapeutic strategies for diabetic retinopathy include laser therapy, intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF agents or corticosteroids, and vitreoretinal surgery. Despite their efficacy, a number of patients experience suboptimal responses. Consequently, novel therapeutic approaches are under investigation, including alternative anti-angiogenic agents, gene therapies, and visual cycle modulators currently undergoing clinical trials. A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy is essential to improve existing treatment modalities and address current limitations in patient outcomes. In this review, we systematically searched and analyzed articles published in English from 2014 to 2024 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Relevant search terms included “diabetic retinopathy,” “pathophysiology,” “pathogenesis,” “treatment,” and “diabetic macular edema.” This review presents recent insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurodegeneration, followed by an overview of its pathophysiology such as microvascular dysfunction and neovascularization. Finally, current and emerging treatment modalities, encompassing both pharmacological and surgical approaches, are discussed. This structured approach provides essential background to understand the complexity of diabetic retinopathy and recent advances in its management.
Analysis of serum levels of B cell activating factor and soluble B cell activating factor receptor with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus Raveinal, Raveinal; Elvira, Dwitya; Delfin, Muhamad
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.181-189

Abstract

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is caused by B-cell hyperactivity, which stimulates the production of autoantibodies, leading to the formation of immune complexes and resulting in tissue damage. Increased B-cell activation is associated with disease activity in SLE. The cytokine B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF) and its soluble BAFF receptor (sBAFF-R) play a crucial role in B-cell activation and survival. Their serum levels may serve as potential biomarkers for SLE severity. This study aimed to compare serum levels of BAFF and sBAFF-R between SLE patients with mild, moderate, and severe disease activity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 33 female SLE patients. Subjects were divided into mild, moderate, and severe disease activity groups. Disease activity was assessed using Mexican Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (MEX-SLEDAI) scores. Serum BAFF and sBAFF-R levels were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The median serum BAFF level in SLE patients was 0.51 ng/mL, and 4.66 ng/mL in sBAFF-R level.There was a statistically significant difference in serum BAFF and sBAFF-R levels between mild, moderate, and severe disease activity among SLE patients (p<0.0001). Conclusion Increased serum levels of BAFF and sBAFF-R may influence disease activity in SLE. Serum concentrations of BAFF and sBAFF-R were found to be associated with disease severity, including mild, moderate, and severe categories. These findings suggest that serum BAFF and sBAFF-R levels may serve as potential biomarkers for assessing SLE activity.
Effectiveness of medium-chain triglyceride diet and low glycemic index therapy in drug-resistant childhood epilepsy: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression Wiradarma, Elbert; Khosama, Herlyani; Warouw, Finny; Wariki, Windy M. V.; Jehosua, Seilly Yunita; Pertiwi, Junita Maja
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.245-256

Abstract

Background Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) challenges clinical management, with many patients failing to find relief. Medium-chain triglyceride diet (MCTD) and low glycemic index therapy (LGIT) are emerging variants of the ketogenic diet. MCTD and LGIT show promise but lack clear efficacy data. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of MCTD and LGIT in the management of pediatric patients with DRE. Methods Four databases were searched (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) from November 2024 to February 2025. Two independent reviewers meticulously screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, ensuring adherence to predefined criteria.  Data extraction encompassed study characteristics, participant demographics, intervention details, and outcomes, including seizure frequency, percentage reduction, and adverse events. Statistical analyses were performed using R 4.2.2 software, assessing heterogeneity with Cochrane Q and I² and utilizing random-effects and common-effects models. Results From 1489 articles found, 487 duplicates were removed, 897 were excluded based on title and abstract screening, and of the 47 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 31 articles were excluded, resulting in 16 articles (9 MCTD and 7 LGIT) included in this review. The pooled estimates for the proportion of children achieving seizure freedom, ≥90% seizure reduction, and ≥50% seizure reduction following the intervention were comparable between the MCTD and LGIT groups. Based on the random-effects model, the overall success proportion of MCTD in reducing seizure frequency was 0.20 [95 % Confidence Interval (CI), 0.14-0.27] (p<0.01). Meanwhile, in the LGIT group, the overall success proportion was 0.27 [95% CI,0.14- 0.45] (p<0.01). Conclusion Both MCTD and LGIT demonstrate comparable efficacy, and no definitive conclusion can be drawn regarding the superiority of one diet over the other.
An integrative review on the shadow of abuse in pediatric head trauma SÖNGÜT, Semra
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.257-269

Abstract

Introduction Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a significant public health issue that can lead to severe neurological damage or death in childhood. Often difficult to detect, AHT carries long-term consequences and requires high diagnostic vigilance. This integrative review aims to synthesize the current evidence on abusive head trauma in pediatric patients by identifying distinguishing diagnostic criteria, clinical patterns, and risk factors, in order to support early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and effective intervention strategies by healthcare professionals. Methods This integrative review aimed to systematically include studies published between 2020-2025 and the literature search was conducted in April-June 2025. The databases searched included PubMed and Web of Science. The keywords included in the search were "Abusive head trauma", "child abuse", "non-accidental head injury", "health care professional", "pediatric head trauma". The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies – of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Results The findings were synthesized under four main themes: diagnostic indicators and differentiation, epidemiological risk factors, short-term clinical outcomes, and long-term developmental effects. Elevated glucose levels (>300 mg/dL), the diagnostic “triad” (subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and encephalopathy), and increased plasma osteopontin levels were identified as critical diagnostic clues. Additionally, household composition and caregiver characteristics emerged as significant risk factors. Conclusion This integrative review highlights the necessity of identifying high-risk environments and implementing preventive strategies. The evidence presented offers practical, evidence-based insights to support healthcare professionals in accurately diagnosing and managing AHT. It also underscores the need for multidisciplinary prevention efforts and post-trauma monitoring. Ultimately, this study seeks to enhance clinical awareness and improve early identification and intervention strategies for children suffering from abuse-related head trauma.
The effect of self-foot massage on anxiety and sleep quality in nursing students: A single-blind randomized controlled study KORAŞ SÖZEN, Kezban; GÜNGÖR, Songül
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 3 (2025): Ahead Of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.%p

Abstract

BackgroundAnxiety and poor sleep quality have always caused problems for nursing students. Today, self-foot massage is considered adjunctive therapy for reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of self-foot massage on anxiety levels and sleep quality among nursing students with high anxiety. MethodsAn experimental study with pre-test and post-test control groups, included 40 first-year nursing students who met the inclusion criteria (intervention= 20, control= 20). The students were randomized into intervention and control groups using block randomization. A block size of four was employed to maintain equal group sizes. State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to collect the data.  In the self-foot massage group, subjects attended foot massage sessions at the same time every day for 10 days. Independent t-test and  Chi-square method was used to analyze the data. ResultsThe intervention group performing self-foot massage demonstrated significantly lower mean scores for PSQI (7.70 ± 1.5) and SAI (34.10 ± 4.82) compared to the control group, whose mean scores were 8.00 ± 2.65 and 38.80 ± 3.04, respectively (p=0.03; p=0.021). These differences indicate improved sleep quality and reduced anxiety in the intervention group. Subjective sleep quality was also found to be better among participants in the intervention group. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in the PSQI subcomponents (p>0.05). ConclusionSelf-foot massage can be considered as a potential therapeutic intervention that improves sleep quality and reduces anxiety among nursing students with high level anxiety.
Bench to bedside and beyond: evolving trends in translational research Aggarwal, Juhi
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 3 (2025): Ahead Of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.285-287

Abstract

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