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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,127 Documents

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Dysentry in children under five year of age: a longitudinal prospective study in primary health care in Indonesia Yati Soenarto; Achmad Suryono; Suharyanto Supardi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 5-6 (2001): May 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

We conducted a longitudinal community-based survey between August 1991 and August 1992 started with aÂ pilot study in May 1991 in two rural villages which involved 497 children aged 0-59 monhs, 58 community health workers (CWHs),Â 44 community representatives, and 5 health center personnel. The qualitative component was carried out using in-depthÂ interviews with the mothers, CWHs, and health personnel. It appeared that the three terms for diarrhea used in thecommunity were similar to medical terminology. However the community perception was that only cases of diarrhea withÂ dehydration should be referred to the health center (HC) for tretment; bloody diarrhea was not considered to be referred.Â Through case findings, 168 (33.8%) diarrheal episodes were identified among 141 children (1.2 episodes per child). Twenty-twoÂ of 168 cases (13.1%) had bloody stool, shigella was isolated in 9 (41%) of these patients. No death occurred in thisÂ study. Diagnostic agreement on bloody and watery stool specimens between HC personnel and CHWs was analyzed usingÂ data from the 72 stool specimens that were seen by both parties, which showed a kappa coefficient of 0.50. Breast feedingÂ (90%) nand additionalk food (89%) were given during diarrhea in almost all cases. Oral rehydration salts solution was givenÂ in 80% odf cases. The study shows that the existing treatment guidelines in the HCs were not properly followed by the health personnel.

Clinical and laboratory features of typhoid fever in childhood Sylvia Retnosari; Alan R. Tumbelaka; Arwin P. Akib; Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 5-6 (2001): May 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

The aims of the study were to review the clinical features of patient with suspected typhoid fever, to obtainÂ features of the blood culture results, Widal, Typhidot tests and to identify the relationship between/prior antibiotic administrationÂ with laboratory findings. The study had been conducted since January 1, 1999 till January 31, 2000 with inclusion criteriaÂ (1) age of patient was 3 to 14 years, (2) patient with diagnosis of suspected typhoid fever and (3) gave consent to participateÂ in the present study. Thirty-six patients were eligible for this study and the result showed that typhoid fever was encounteredÂ more commonly in girls with the most prevalent onset was in age 5 to 9 years and duration of fever was less than 8 days.Â Gastrointestinal tract disturbance was the most frequent complain after fever. Most patient showed negative results in bloodÂ culture examination and Widal test, and gave positive results in Typhidot/Typhidot M test as well. Antibiotic administrationÂ tended to influence blood culture and Widal test as to need consideration in evaluation of laboratory results. However, aÂ conclusion still could not be drawn definitively that further study with adequate sample number and positive blood culture asÂ criteria inclusion was needed.Â

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials features in thalassemia major Jimmy Passat; Bulan Ginting Munthe; Fauzi Mahfuzh; Taralan Tambunan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 5-6 (2001): May 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Patients with thalassemia major are at high risk for hearing impairment. The objective of the study is to determineÂ the prevalence, grade and type of hearing impairment according to brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) investigationÂ in thalassemia major. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted between December 1999 until August 2000 in 72 thalassemic patients between 3 and 18 years of age. Only 65 patients were evaluated, because of time limitation. The resultsÂ showed the prevalence of hearing impairment in thalassemia major was 29.2%. Most of them were moderate to severeÂ unilateral sensorineural hearing impairments. Mild sensorienural hearing impairment occured in only 12.3%. Conductive Â hearing impairment was only found in 1 patient. Hearing impairment was frequently found between 7 to 12 years of ageÂ (41.5%). Conclusion: the prevalence of hearing impairment in thalassem a major according to BAEP investigation is high andÂ BAEP examination should be done regularly in all of thalassemic patients to investigate early detection and treatment ofÂ hearing impairment.Â

Urinary incontinence in children in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta: a serial case report Taralan Tambunan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 5-6 (2001): May 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Urinary incontinence in children is a complex problem of varying causes. Most children brought to physician forÂ evaluation of difficulties with urinary control will have single or diurnal enuresis, or will be experiencing urgency associatedÂ with functional or organic incontinence. To find out the magnitude of urinary incontinence problems in Child Health DepartmentÂ Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, we retrospectively looked at medical report of such cases between the years ofÂ 1989-2001. During eleven years there were 20 cases, consisted of 10 males and 10 females, aged ranged between 3 monthsÂ up to 16 years. Nineteen children showed significant bacteriuria defined as a urinary tract infection. Ten children wereÂ diagnosed as having neurogenic bladder, all had spinal lesions; 7 children had spinal dysraphyism while 3 others hadÂ osteolityc lesions in vertebrae due to malignancy. Non neurogenic bladder was defined in 6 children, while in other 4 childrenÂ we defined that urinary incontinence was caused by anatomical abnormalities. Vesico-ureteral reflux in various degree wereÂ found in 9 children, while 11 out of 20 (55%) cases were experiencing chronic renal failure on their first visit. Although theÂ annual incidence of urinary incontinence is low, these difficult cases causing many problems. Breakthrough infection wasÂ almost unpreventable and in most cases had progressed to renal failure. Many factors such as invasive procedures andÂ prolonged treatment causing fear and frustration to the patients and their parents leading to poor compliance and lost to followÂ up. In summary we can conclude that urinary incontinence in children is a complex problem include medically, economically,Â and socially, not only for the patient and their parents, but also for medical profession.

Neonatal tetanus treated with diazepam as single antispasmodic agent Taslim Soetomenggolo; Ratna Heni Purboyo; S. K. Hendarto; Sofyan Ismael
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 21 No 5-6 (1981): May - June 1981
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

The use of diazepam as single antispasm in treating neonatal tetanus is better than the conventional therapy with the combination of Phenobarbital chlorpromazine and diazepam. The dose of diazepam 10 mg/kg body weight/day can be increased for very severe cases. The overall mortality of this study is 50%. Incubation period of less than 7 day and temperature on admission of more than 39Â°C are important factors to contribute to the high mortality. The critical period of neonatal tetanus is 15 days.

Home oral sugar salt solution using the "blue spoon"for acute infantile gastroenteritis Abdul Latief Azis; Pitono Soeparto; Subijanto M. S.; Daniel Hardjadinata; Mien Kumiaijanto; Harsono Salino
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 21 No 5-6 (1981): May - June 1981
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Ninety-one children aged between 2 - 24 months (mean age of 10.07 Â± 5.29 months) with uncomplicated gastroenteritis were treated with home made oral sugar salt solution prepared by using the "Blue Spoon". They were randomly devided into 2 groups: those whose feedings were stopped and those who were still permitted 10 have their normal feedings while all oral electrolyte therapy. A total of four children (4.40%) developed dehydration following the administration of oral solution therapy. Vomiting was reversed in 24 out of 28 children following the administration of oral electrolyte solution. There were statistically no significant differences in failure rate e.g. the development of dehydration, vomiting and meteorism following oral electrolyte therapy between the two groups.Almost 01/ mothers (95.79%) followed the instructions as how to use the Blue Spoon and stated that it was a simple and a cheap means in preparing oral sugar electrolyte solution.

Loperamide for acute diarrhoea in infancy (a clinical experience) Pitono Soeparto; Liek Djupri; Hardjono Soeparto; Haroen Noerasid
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 21 No 5-6 (1981): May - June 1981
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

A total of 94 infants aged below 3 years with acute maetry diarrhoea underwent treatment with loperamide (Normotil, Pharos Indonesia). They were arbitarily divided into group I (46 patients) receiving loperamide and group II (48 patients) receiving loperamide & antibiotics in addition to oral glucose-electrolyte solution. Stools became normal within 3 days in 69.6% of patients in group I and 86% in group 11, and within 7 days in 87% of patients in group 1 and 95.4% in group Il. In 5 patients, diarrhoea worsened within 24 hours, necessitating the administration of i.v.f.d. There were no side-effects encountered during the treatment of loperamide.

Iron deficiency and childhool morbidity A. H. Markum; C. Windrajati Marwoto; Maria Abdulsalam; D. Gatot; I. Wahidayat; S. Muslichan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 21 No 5-6 (1981): May - June 1981
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Although it is likely that individual iron status will influence infections, results of various studies on immune response in iron deficient children remain controversial. This situation is becoming more complicated if projected in clinical field trials where multi and interrelated factors contribute to the occurrence of infection as commonly found in developing countries.Our results in this field study in semi urban areas which covered 95 children of low and moderate socio-economic families showed that:I. Iron deficient children are more susceptible to infection than normal children.2. The frequency of infection is correlated with the severity of iron deficiency, but not with the hemoglobin level.3. In under-nourished children, however, the frequency of infection depends mainly on the nutritional status rather than on the degree of iron deficiency.

HIS bundle electrocardiogram in children with secundum atrial defects and patent ductus arteriosus Bambang Madiyono; Hanafi B. Trisnohadi; Maemunah Affandi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 21 No 1-2 (1981): January - February 1981
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

The purpose of this swdy is to compare intra-atrial conduction (atrio-ventricular conduction and intraventricular conduction) in children with secundum atrial deptal defect (ASD II) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using His bundle electrocardiogram (HBE).Six patienls with ASD II and seven with PDA, aged ranging from 3 to 11 years were included in the study. The diagnoses of all cases were confirmed by cardiac catheterization. The results of HBE studies showed that the PA, AH, HV, interval in ASD II were 31.7 Â± 7.6 msec; 65.8 Â± 16.8 msec; 42.5 Â± 2.2 msec; and in eDA were 25 Â± 7.8 msec; 77.9 Â± 9.4 msec; 40 Â± 3.8 I11sec respectively. The differences were statistically not significant (P > 0.05).The data showed that intra-atrial conduction in children with ASD II was not longer than that in PDA and also there was no difference in atrioventricular conduction and intraventricular conduction, although childrell with ASD II usually have abnormal ECG, like right bundle branch block.

Experience with sulphamethoxazole (SMZ)/trimethoprim (TMP) combination in purulent meningitis not responding to conventional microbial therapy Sumarmo Sumarmo; Mugiyo K.; Mandoyono Mandoyono; Lauritha S. P.; Adji Suntoro
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 21 No 1-2 (1981): January - February 1981
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Tell infants ranging in age from two days to nine months with purulent meningitis who were considered therapeutic failures after conventional microbial therapy (i.e. ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amikin, cloxacillin in any combination) were included in this study. A solution consisting of SMZ 80 mg/mL and TMP 16 mg/mL in propylene glycol (Bactrilll, Hoffman-La Roche A.G. Basle/Switzerland) was given intravenously to the patients. The daily dose was 10 mg/kg BW TMP/24 hours for the first three days followed by 6 mg/kg BW TMP/24 hours divided in two doses given intravenously every 12 hours.Nine patients recovered, 7 of them rapidly within 10 - 21 days after SMZ/TMP administration and the other 2 patients within 27 and 33 days respectively. One infant improved but died afterwards of complicatIons not related to the treatment.No hematological nor cutaneous and gastrointestinal side effects were observed. The liver and renal function test performed on 3 out of 10 cases on the first few days of the commencement of treatment and 3 weeks later, were all within normal limits.Our experience with the use of parenteral SMZ/TMP in infants with bacterial meningitis not responding to conventional microbial therapy gave encouraging results.

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