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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,127 Documents

144 145 146 147 148

The role of physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents Nadia Dwi Insani; Sukman Tulus Putra; Agus Firmansyah
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 50 No 4 (2010): July 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerotic process increases rapidly during adolescence. Physical activity is considered important in this period to modify cardiovascular risk factors, thus preventing disease in the future.Objective To determine whether different physical activity status in adolescence can influence body mass index (BMBMI), waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure (BP), and blood lipid profile.Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted from December 2009 to January 2010. Adolescents who fulfilled the study criteria were classified into high and low physical activity category. Further examination including body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, and blood lipid profile were performed.Results Adolescents with high physical activity had higher, but statistically insignificant, BMBMI compared to adolescents in the P=0.493] and significantly lower waist-to-hip ratio [0.80 (range 0.73-0.9) vs.. 0.82 (range 0.7-0.9), P=0.019]. Difference in BP was not statistically significant between both groups [diastolic BP (70 (range 60-90) mmHg vs. 70 (range 60-90) mmHg, P=0.148; systolic BP 100 (range 90-130) mmHg vs. 100 (range 90-140) mmHg, P=0.228)]. Blood lipid examination in the high activity group showed significantly higher HDL cholesterol and lower triglyceride compared to the low activity group [HDL 59.8 (SD 11.8) mg/dL vs. 54.7 (SD 8.9) mg/dL; p=0.044; triglyceride: 60 (range 32-203) mmHg vs. 82 (range 37-198) mmHg, P=0.014]. Total and LDL cholesterol [total cholesterol 169.8 (SD 28.6) mmHg vs. 181.2 (SD 30.8) mmHg, P=0.107; LDL 103.6 (SD 26.8) mmHg vs. 114.1 (SD 27.3) mmHg, P=0.100] were lower in the high activity group but not statistically different in both groups.Conclusions Adolescents with high physical activity show less cardiovascular risk factors compared to those in the low physical activity group.

Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) Score as prognosis of multiple organ failure in sepsis Hendra Hendra; Ari Lukas Runtunuwu; Jeanette Irene Chistie Manoppo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 50 No 4 (2010): July 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Sepsis is an emergency event that often found inpediatric intensive care unit. If this condition is not early detectedand promptly treated, severe complications including septic shockand multiple organ failure may result that can end up as death.Objective To discover alternative measurement as a prognosis ofmultiple organ failure in sepsis.Methods This cross sectional study was conducted in 37 patientsdiagnosed as sepsis. The age of the patients were 1 month until 13years and the patients were hospitalized in child health departmentof R. D. Kandou Hospital during June 2009 â€“ September 2009.Result Bronchopneumonia (18) was the most commoninfection source, followed by gastroenteritis (11), encephalitis(6) and meningitis (2). The bacteria which is found was Proteusmirabilis (5), Citrobacter difersus (5), Staphylococcus aureus (3),Escherichia coli (2) and Acinetobacter baumannii (1). There wasno significant difference in gender distribution, nutrition statusand blood culture between both groups. Laboratory findings andclinical manifestations which included white blood cell (WBC)> 10.000/Î¼L (34), platelet count > 150.000 (27) and bodytemperature 38oC â€“ 39oC (20). There was a correlation betweenPELOD score and multiple organ failure (P=0.02). A higherPELOD score will increase opportunity to get multiple organfailure. In patient with organ failure more than two, PELODscore 0-10 (9 patients), score 11-20 (7 patients), score 21-30 (8patients), and score 31-40 (1 patient).Conclusion There was a correlation between PELOD score andmultiple organ failure in patient with sepsis. A higher PELODscore will increase opportunity to get multiple organ failure.

The occurrence and is factors of tuberculosis in children with close contact to adult lung tuberculosis Ladylove R. Walakandou; Adrian Umboh; Audrey Wahani
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 50 No 4 (2010): July 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Tuberculosis (TB) in is children different from TB in adults in terms of the difficulty in making prompt diagnosis, the more progressive course of disease and the high-risk for the occurrence of disseminated TB. Transmission of TB in children mostly originates from adults, which the biggest risk is the index case with positive sputum smear.Objective To find out the incidence of TB in children who have close contact with adult TB patients and to determine some risk factors for the development of childhood TB.Method This cross-sectional study was conducted between March to July 2009. We studied children aged less than 5 years old with close contact, living in the same house with adult TB patients. The diagnosis of TB was made based on National TB scoring system for children.Results Of the 50 children, we obtained 17 (34%) positive children with TB after going through with national TB scoring system for children. There was a significant relationship between AFB positive sputum, passive smokers and residential density (overcrowding), but there was no significant relationship between age, nutritional status, gender of the contact source, and family income per month.Conclusion Only the positive sputum smear has a significant correlation associated with the occurrence of TB in children who have close contact with adult TB patients.

Giant brain aneurysm in a twoâ€“yearâ€“old girl Prastiya Indra G; Hapsari Kusumawardani; Darto Saharso
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 50 No 4 (2010): July 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Brain aneurysm is an abnormal outward bulging of one of the brain arteries. Brain aneurysms are often discovered when they rupture, causing bleeding into the brain or the space surrounding the brain called the subarachnoid space. This subarachnoid hemorrhage can lead to hemorrhagic stroke, brain damage and death.1The aneurysm can present in all ages, but mainly after 50 year of age (ages 35 â€“ 60), and exists a greater predisposition in females, with a ratio 3:2.2 Intracranial aneurysms in children are rare. About 0.5-4.6% of all aneurysms in children distinctly differ from adult, especially in male (2:1 to 3:1).3,4,5,6These injuries are located mainly in any cerebral artery specifically in those related to the well-known Circles of Willis such as internal carotid, middle cerebral and anterior cerebral artery as well as anterior communicating artery that corresponds to anterior circulatory circuit. In the posterior region they can be observed above the posterior cerebral artery, vertebral and basilar arteries, mainly. Aneurysm in children is mostly located at the bifurcation of ICA or vertebra-basilar artery posterior circulation, yet disproportionately with high incidence of posterior circulation aneurysm (40-50%) and of giant aneurysm (30-45%)

Correlation between nucleated red blood cells and pulse oxygen saturation in neonatal asphyxia Gatot Irawan Sarosa; Farid A. Rahmadi; Muhammad Sholeh Kosim; Kamilah B. Rahardjani
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 6 (2014): November 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Neonatal asphyxia is the major cause of neonatal death at a rate of approximately 23%. The incidence of asphyxia is higher in developing countries, due to limited availability of perinatology facilities. Hypoxia due to asphyxia is characterized by low pulse oxygen saturation (Sp02), which basic health care facilities are unable to monitor. The number ofnucleated red blood cells (nRBCs) in asphyxia increases in order to compensate for the hypoxia. Few studies have reported on nRBCs as they relate to pulse oxygen saturation in neonatal asphyxia. Objective To assess for a correlation between nRBCs and pulse oxygen saturation in neonatal asphyxia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, asphyxia was assessed by way of Apgar scores; pulse oxygen saturation was monitored by pulse oximetry; and nRBCs were determined by blood smears. Statistical analysis used was Spearman's test. Results Subjects were 41 neonates with asphyxia, 15 of whom had 5th minute Apgar scores S 6. Subjects with Apgar scores S 6 had significantly higher umbilical venous nRBC counts [20.0 (SD 13.09) /100 white blood cell] than subjects with Apgar score > 6 [8.81 (SD 8.71) /100 white blood cell] ; (P = 0.004). Subjects with Apgar S 6 had significantly lower 5th minute Sp02 values [76.46 (SD 6.17) %] than subjects with Apgar scores > 6 [87.03 (SD 6.29)]; (P < 0.0001). Spearmans' test revealed a significant correlation between higher nRBC counts and lower pulse oxygen saturation (r = -0.804; P<0.0001) . Conclusion In asphyxia neonatorum there is a correlation between umbilical vein nRBC counts and the 5th minute Sp02. As such, we recommend using nRBC examinations to predict pulse oxygen saturation as a means to assess the severity ofhypoxia in peripheral areas where pulse oximetry machines may be unavailable.

Impact of growth hormone treatment on childrenâ€™s height Nur Rochmah; Muhammad Faizi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 6 (2014): November 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background The use of growth hormone (GH) is a routine treatment for growth hormone deficiency (GHD), small for gestational age (SGA), and Turner syndrome (TS). During the treatment, height measurement at regular intervals is a vital step to assess success. To date, there have been no previous studies on GH treatment in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, the referral hospital in East Indonesia. Objective To compare body height between pre- and post-growth hormone treatment in pediatric patients. Method This study was a non-randomized, pre-post clinical trial performed at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. The prospective cohort was accessed during January 2008-June 2013. The inclusion criteria was GH treatment for more than 3 months.Clinical data on GH treatment, including diagnosis, age, height pre-and post-treatment, height gain, duration of treatment, and parental satisfaction were collected. Two-tailed, paired T-test and Pearsonâ€™s test were used for statistical analyses. Result Nineteen patients underwent GH treatment during the study period, but only twelve patients had complete data and were included in the study. Eight subjects were female. Subjectsâ€™ meanage was 11 (range 8-15) years. Nine patients had GHD, 2 had TS, and 1 had SGA. Mean pre-treatment height was 121.05 cm, while mean post-treatment height was 130.5 cm. Mean duration of treatment was 10.5 (range 3-30) months. Mean height gain was 0.8 cm/month in GHD and SGA cases, and 0.78 cm/month for the TS cases. Eleven parents reported satisfaction with the results of GH treatment in their children. There is significant diffrent between pre- and post-treatment (P=0.001). Pearsonâ€™s correlation test (r=0.90) revealed a strong correlation between growth hormone treatment and height gain. Conclusion Growth hormone treatment has impact on heights in GH defficiency, Turner syndrome, and small for gestational age.

Predictors of mortality in children with lupus nephritis Lukman Oktadianto; Risky Vitria Prasetyo; Ninik Asmaningsih Soemyarso; Mohammad Sjaifullah Noer
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 6 (2014): November 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Renal involvement during the clinical course ofsystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is generally considered to bethe most important factor influencing disease prognosis in termsof morbidity and mortality. Various factors have been reported toinfluence the prognosis of lupus nephritis (LN).Objective To analyze clinical signs and laboratory parameters thatmight serve as predictors associated with mortality in pediatricLN.Methods Retrospectively, medical records of children with LNat Soetomo Hospital from 1998 to 2011 were studied. Diagnosisof SLE was based on Revised American Rheumatism Associationcritera, while patients with clinical manifestations of hypertension,abnormal urinalysis, and serum creatinin > 1 mg/dL wereconsidered as lupus nephritis. Cox proportional hazard modelingwas used to assess for associations of clinical signs and laboratoryparameters with mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis wasused to assess the cumulative survival from the time of diagnosisto the outcome.Results There were 57 children with LN of whom 43 (75%) weregirls. The female-to-male ratio was 3:1. Subjectsâ€™ mean age was 10.6(SD 6.87) years. The mean time of observation was 51 (SD 74.54)months and 23 (40%) children died. Age, gender, hypertension,hematuria, proteinuria, and anemia were not significant aspredictors for mortality. However, hypertensive crisis (HR=2.79;95%CI 1.16 to 6.75; P=0.02) and initial glomerular filtration rate(GFR) of <75 mL/min/1.73m2 (HR=3.01; 95%CI 1.23 to 7.34;P=0.01) were significant predictors of mortality in children with LN.The mean survival time of LN with hypertensive crisis and initialGFR <75 mL/min/1.73m2 was 36.9 (SD 12.17) months.Conclusion Hypertensive crisis and GFR <75 mL/min/1.73m2 aresignificant predictors of mortality in children with LN.

Irritable bowel syndrome and its associated factors in adolescents Lara Fillekes; Ari Prayogo; Fatima Safira Alatas; Badriul Hegar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 6 (2014): November 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a commonfunctional gastrointestinal disorder. Increasing prevalences havebeen reported in Asian adolescent populations, however, therehave been few reports on Indonesian adolescents.Objective To investigate the prevalence of IBS and associatedfactors among adolescents in Jakarta.Methods This cross-sectional study included senior high schoolstudents in a district of Jakarta. Students were asked to fillquestionnaires based on the Rome III criteria for IBS. They werethen divided into groups: those with IBS and those without IBS,for the purposes of comparison.Results Out of 232 adolescents (145 females and 87 males) withmean age of 16.06 (SD 0.91) years, 14 (6.0%) had IBS. Elevenout of 14 adolescents with IBS reported upper abdominal painas well as periumbilical/lower abdominal pain. Irritable bowelsyndrome was not associated with socioeconomic status, food anddrink habits, the use of antibiotics, or scolding as a parental formof discipline. However, a significant higher proportion in the useof corporal punishment was found in IBS adolescents comparedto the non-IBS (P=0.034). In addition, stress related to scolding,as a parental form of discipline was more likely to be found in theIBS group than in the non-IBS group (P=0.019).Conclusion The prevalence of IBS among adolescents in Jakartais 6%, which is lower compared to those of other Asian countries.Corporal punishment at home and stress related to scolding athome are found to be associated with IBS.

The effect of regular aerobic exercise on urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor in children Yunita Fediani; Masayu Rita Dewi; Muhammad Irfannuddin; Masagus Irsan Saleh; Safri Dhaini
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 6 (2014): November 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Nervous system development in early lifeinfluences the quality of cognitive ability during adulthood.Neuronal development and neurogenesis are highly influencedby neurotrophins. The most active neurotrophin is brain-derivedneurotrophic factor (BDNF). Physical activity has a positiveeffect on cognitive function. However, few experimental studieshave been done on children to assess the effect of aerobic regularexercise on BDNF levels.Objective To assess the effect of regular aerobic exercise onurinary BDNF levels in children.Methods This clinical study was performed in 67 children aged6-8 years in Palembang. The intervention group (n=34) engagedin aerobic gymnastics three times per week for 8 weeks, while thecontrol group (n=33) engaged in gymnastic only once per week.Measurements of urinary BDNF were performed on both groupsbefore and after intervention. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon ranktests were used to analyze the differences between groups.Results There was no difference in urinary BDNF levels betweenthe two groups prior to the intervention. After intervention,the mean urinary BDNF levels were significantly higher in theintervention group than in the control group, 230.2 (SD 264.4)pg/mL vs. 88.0 (SD 35.4) pg/mL, respectively (P=0.027). We alsofound that engaging in aerobic gymnastics significantly increasedurinary BDNF levels from baseline in both groups (P=0.001).Conclusion Regular aerobic exercise can increase urinary BDNFlevels and potentially improve cognitive function. Aerobic exerciseshould be a routine activity in school curriculums in combinationwith the learning process to improve childrenâ€™s cognitive ability.

The association of neonatal jaundice and breast-feeding Rulina Suradi; Esther H. Situmeang; Taralan Tambunan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 3-4 (2001): March 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

To examine the prevalence of jaundice in neonates and its association with breast-feeding, we studied 100healthy breast-fed baby boys during the first 3 - 5 days after birth, delivered in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This wasan analytical, cross-sectional study performed prospectively. The study was conducted from April, 1, 1999 to October 15,1999. Jaundice was detected in 94 out of 100 infants (94%). Breast-feeding jaundice was encountered in 26 infants (28%)namely infants whose bilirubin levels was >12 mg/dL by day 3 (CI 95% : 19;37%). Most infants showed bilirubin levels on daytwo, three and five of 6 â€“ 10 mg/dL (62%), 6 â€“ 10 mg/dL (35%) and 12 â€“ 15 mg/dL (34%), respectively. Several factors foundto be contributing to the occurrence of breast-feeding jaundice included : a. breast-feeding frequency (r :- 0.83, p < 0.01), b.mean breast-feeding duration : infants breast-fed for more than 30 minutes have consequences its breast-feeding frequencywas less in compared with those breast-fed in less than 30 minutes. c. time of meconium passage (p< 0.05), meconiumpassage in the first hours after birth played an important part in reducing enterohepatic circulation, d. fecal weight (r =-0.87,p < 0.01), feces retained in the intestine its bilirubin would be deconjugated and reabsorbed subsequently . e. weight loss (p< 0.05). In 11 infants who received blue light therapy there were no abnormalities both in physical and laboratory examinations.

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