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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 459 Documents
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Liposome: method of preparation, advantages, evaluation and its application Pradhan, Bhupendra; Kumar, Narendra; Saha, Suman; Roy, Amit
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

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Abstract

Notable research in drug delivery started in 1950’s with the advent of polyclonal antitumor antibodies developed for targeting. Bangham et. Al. discovered liposomes in early 1960’s. In this review article we are discussing about the liposome, methods of the liposome preparation advantages and their different application of the liposome. Liposomes are artificially prepared vesicles made of lipid bilayer. Liposomes can be filled with drugs, and used to deliver drugs for cancer and other diseases. Liposome is used for the targeted drug delivery system and increase the bioavailability and half life of the any drugs. Liposomes are surfactants, sphingolipids, glycol-lipids, long chain fatty acids and even membrane proteins and drug molecules or it is also called vesicular system. Liposomes have been extensively investigated for drug delivery, drug targeting, controlled release and increased solubility.
A validated reverse phase hplc method for the simultaneous estimation of clopidogrel bisulfate and rivaroxaban in pharmaceutical application Sajjanwar, Rupali; Bhaskaran, Shyamala; Kakati, Kulesh; Jha, Shailendra Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015)
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Abstract

A simple, sensitive and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Clopidogrel bisulfate and rivaroxaban in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The combination drug was analyzed on BDS hypersil C18, 250mm × 4.6mm, 5µ, Thermo scientific. Mobile phase consisted of buffer (0.05M KH2PO4 pH 4.0) : methanol in the ratio of 30:70 v/v delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 ml / min and wavelength of detection at 220 nm. The retention times of Clopidogrel bisulfate and Rivaroxaban were 2.39 min and 4.04 min respectively. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The proposed method can be used for the determination of these drugs in combined dosage forms.
Stilbenes: chemistry and pharmacological properties Roat, Chetana; Saraf, Meenu
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3 No. 4 (2015)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

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Abstract

Medicinal plants are the most important source of life saving drugs for the majority of the Worlds’ population. The compounds which synthesized in the plant from the secondary metabolisms are called secondary metabolites; exhibit a wide array of biological and pharmacological properties. Stilbenes a small class of polyphenols, have recently gained the focus of a number of studies in medicine, chemistry as well as have emerged as promising molecules that potentially affect human health. Stilbenes are relatively simple compounds synthesized by plants and deriving from the phenyalanine/ polymalonate route, the last and key enzyme of this pathway being stilbene synthase. Here, we review the biological significance of stilbenes in plants together with their biosynthesis pathway, its chemistry and its pharmacological significances.
Recent advancement in daignosis of gastrointestinal diseases Saraswat, Pranit; Khare, Pragati; Tiwari, Ritesh
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3 No. 4 (2015)
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Abstract

Gastrointestinal diseases refer to ulcerative disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Stomach acids and some enzymes can damage the lining of the G.I. tract if natural protective factors are not functioning normally. Causes of gastrointestinal diseases are use of aspirin, alcohol and tobacco, poor diet (too many fried, fatty foods, sugar and refined foods), poor food combining, drinking with meals. Various diagnostic tests that can be performed for gastrointestinal diseases are Colonoscopy, ERCP, Flexible Sigmoidoscopy, Lower GI Series, Liver Biopsy, Upper GI Series, Upper Endoscopy.
Dendrimers: novel carriers for drug delivery Chaudhari, H. S.; Popat, R. R.; Adhao, V. S.; Shrikhande, V. N.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
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Abstract

Dendrimers are highly branched, organic compounds with well-defined, symmetrical structure. From chemical point of view they are three-dimensional polymers, characterized by a globular shape. At the end of the arms are terminals, functional groups, which can be easily modified in order to change their chemical and physical properties. Dendrimers have nanoscopic particle size range from 1 to 100 nm. They are ideal drug delivery systems due to their feasible topology, functionality and dimensions, their size is very close to various important biological polymers and assemblies such as DNA and proteins. The structure of dendrimer molecules begins with a central atom or group of atoms labeled as the “core.” From this central structure, branches of other atoms called ‘dendrons.’ The continuous branching results in layers of branch structure called “generations.”Synthesis of dendrimers done by four methods. These are ‘Divergent’ Dendrimer Growth , ‘Convergent’ Dendrimer Growth ,‘Double Exponential’ and ‘Mixed’ Growth ,‘Click’ Synthesis (Hypercores and branched monomers growth). Mechanisms of drug loading onto dendrimer carriers by physical encapsulation of drug molecules and chemical conjugation of drug molecules. The conjugates show increased solubility, decreased systemic toxicity and selective accumulation in solid tumors. Various applications as pharmaceutical and non pharmaceuticals. Dendrimers may have toxicity mainly attributed to the interaction of the cationic dendrimers surface with negative biological load membranes damaging cellular membranes causing hemolytic toxicity and cytotoxicity also limitation that does not apply where the drug is solubilised with dendrimer and then released in the gut for absorption. Some Marketed products of dendrimers are available named as Starburst, Priostar, Stratus CS, Vivagel, Alert ticket, SuperFect, Taxotere.
An overview of tuberculosis chemotherapy – a literature review Sarangi, Manoj Kumar; padhi, Sasmit
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat. The emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and also multi drug resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XDR)-TB poses a vital challenge to the control of the disease. For the last 50 years, no new anti-TB drug has been discovered. This literature review provides a brief discussion of existing drugs and emerging drug targets, and also of the advantages of incorporating modern drug delivery systems and immune modulators in order to improve the existing treatment regimen in terms of better efficacy, reduced drug administration frequency, shortened period of treatment and reduced drug related toxicity. The investigation for a new drug target is essential to continue the battle against MDR and XDR-TB. However, owing to the enormous cost and time involved in new drug development, improvement of the existing treatment regimen is seen to be a valid alternative.
Phytochemical and antipyretic potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Heliotropium indicum l. Basak, Mrinmoy; Dey, Biplab Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
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Abstract

In the present study, the ethanolic leaf extract of Heliotropium indicum L (H. indicum L) was investigated for phytochemical screening and antipyretic activity in rats using Brewer's yeast induced Pyrexia. The leaves of H. indicum were collected from different part of Assam and cut into small pieces and shade dried. The dried powdered leaves (100 gm) were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus by using 95% ethanol. Phytochemical screening has been done by standard procedure and showed the presence of alkaloids, glycoside, carbohydrate, phytosterol, flavonoids and saponins and absence of fixed oil and gums-mucilage. Albino rats weighing (200-250g) were taken for the experiment divided into four groups of six animals each. Group 1 received 3% aqueous suspension of gum Acacia (1ml/200g) as vehicle orally, group 2 and group 3 received ethanolic leaf extract of H. indicum 250 and 500 mg/kg with 3% aqueous suspension of gum Acacia orally and the group 4 served as standard received paracetamol 25 mg/kg with 3% aqueous suspension of gum Acacia orally. The subcutaneous injection of yeast suspension markedly elevated the rectal temperature after 18h of administration. Treatment with H. indicum extract at a dose of 250, 500 mg/kg decreased the rectal temperature of the rats in dose dependent manner. This effect was maximal at dose of 500 mg/kg and it caused significant lowering of body temperature (P< 0.01) up to 4 hour after its administration. The antipyretic effect started as early as 1h and the effect was maintained for 4h, after its administration. Both the standard drug paracetamol 25mg/kg and tested drug H. indicum extract were significantly reduced the yeast elevated rectal temperature, at 2nd, 3rd and 4th hour compared to control group.
A critical review on keeta visha: an ayurvedic approach Kumar, Parvesh; Goswami, Ashish B.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
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Abstract

Indian system of medicine plays an important part in health care system all over India. Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine having eight important branches. Agad tantra is among one of them which deals with toxicological conditions and their management. Sage Susruta in Kalpasthaana of his work Susruta Samhita, and Sage Vaagbhata in Uttaratantra of his work Ashtaanga Hrdaya, and in other classics and regional texts have narrated regarding the origin of Visha and Keeta Visha. There are several types of Keeta Visha described. Among animal poisoning, Acharayas have described different creatures (Sarpa, Keeta, and Luta) responsible for life threatening situations. The importance of Keeta Visha is more because it causes severe manifestations in the human being, even death also. Acharya Suhsruta described Keeta Visha under Jangama Visha and explained 67 varieties of Keeta under 4 groups. According to its variety diagnosis and treatment of Keeta Visha is found to be very difficult because these varieties are not yet correctly identified and besides, regional variations of these Keetas manifests very differently.
Pharmacognostic evaluation and physico-chemical analysis of Ulmus wallichiana Planch. Akhilesh; Bora, Kundan Singh
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016)
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Abstract

The plant Ulmus wallichiana Planch. (Family: Ulmaceae) is found in Himalayan regions from Afghanistan to West Nepal. In India, it is found in Kumaun and Garhwal hills of Uttarakhand (India), locally known as Chamarmou. Bark of U. wallichiana is commonly used as Kumauni and Garhwali traditional healers for bone fracture of animals as well as human being. The current work was designed to establish the pharmacognostic parameters like macroscopic & microscopic characters, and physico-chemical analysis for U. wallichiana. WHO recommended methods and other standard procedures were employed for the establishment of pharmacognostic and physico-chemical parameters. Transverse section (TS) of the bark under the microscope showed periderm region showing cortex, mucilage canal, cork, phellogen and phelloderm. TS of the bark also showed secondary phloem region, medullary rays, stone cells and fibres. Longitudinal section showed medullary region, epidermal region and mucilage canal. Powder microscopy under the microscope showed calcium oxalate crystals, cork cells, phloem fibre, starch grains, stone cells and lignified phloem fibres. Physico-chemical analysis helps to identify pure plant material and detect adulteration. In the present study, total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, sulphated ash and loss on drying were estimated to be 17%, 15%, 3.5%, 5%, 0.15% respectively. The findings of the present study could be useful in authentication of plant material and also in monograph preparation of U. wallichiana.
Formulation and characterization of organic- inorganic hybrid film for transdermal drug delivery Taksande, J B; Gupta, Mona; Trivedi, R V; Wadher, K J; Umekar, M J
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016)
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Abstract

A novel organic–inorganic hybrid film-forming gel for transdermal application was developed by poly vinyl alcohol using Di methyl polysiloxane as an inorganic-modifying agent, poly N-vinyl pyrrolidone as a tackifier and PEG 200 as a plasticizer. The hybrid film-forming gel can be directly applied on the skin forms a thin bioadhesive film with transparent and non- greasy feeling. The mechanical and bioadhesive properties of films produced from the hybrid gels were investigated and the results showed that the incorporation of appropriate Di methyl polysiloxane into the PVA matrix significantly improves the mechanical strength and skin adhesion properties of the resulting film. In conclusion, the bioadhesive films formed from organic–inorganic hybrid gel holds excellent qualities for application on the skin and may provide a promising formulation for transdermal delivery of drugs, especially when the patient acceptability from an aesthetic perspective of the dosage form is a main consideration.

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