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INDONESIA
GIZI INDONESIA
Published by DPP PERSAGI Jakarta
ISSN : 04360265     EISSN : 25285874     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) is an open access, peer-reviewed and inter-disciplinary journal managed by The Indonesia Nutrition Association (PERSAGI). Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) has been accredited by Indonesian Institute of Sciences since 2004. Gizi Indonesia aims to disseminate the information about nutrition, therefore it is expected that it can improve insight and knowledge in nutrition to all communities and academics. Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) offers a specific forum for advancing scientific and professional knowledge of the nutrition field among practitioners as well as academics in public health and researchers
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Search results for , issue " Vol 38, No 2 (2015): September 2015" : 7 Documents clear
FAKTOR RISIKO OVERWEIGHT DAN OBESE PADA ORANG DEWASA DI INDONESIA (Analisis Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013) Sudikno, Sudikno; Syarief, Hidayat; Dwiriani, Cesilia Meti; Riyadi, Hadi
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 38, No 2 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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ABSTRACT The problem of overweight and obese in Indonesia had a trend of rising along with the increasing age of the population. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with overweight and obese adults aged 25-65 years in Indonesia using Riskesdas 2013 data. The study design was cross-sectional. Samples were adults aged 25-65 years in Indonesia with the total of 458 591 people. Results showed that the prevalence of overweight and obese at the age of 25-65 years were found to be 26.1 percent and 7.20 per cent, respectively. The mean of Body Mass Index (BMI) was 24.02 ± 3.70 kg/m2. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors associated with overweight and obese were age, sex, region, marital status, employment, economic status, and smoking habits. The result also showed that the habits of eating bread and biscuit were also associated with the incidence of obese. Hence, prevention efforts such as sufficient regular physical activities are needed. In addition, it is also necessary to promote food substitute for carbohydrates source to meet balanced nutrition both in number and type, as well as the quality. Keywords: risk factors, overweight, obese, Indonesian adults ABSTRAK Masalah overweight dan obese di Indonesia mengalami kecenderungan naik seiring dengan meningkatnya umur penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan overweight dan obese pada orang dewasa umur 25-65 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah orang dewasa berumur 25-65 tahun di Indonesia. Jumlah sampel yang dianalisis 458 591 orang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan prevalensi overweight pada usia 25-65 tahun ditemukan sebesar 26,1 persen, sedangkan prevalensi obese pada usia 25-65 tahun sebesar 7,2 persen. Rata-rata Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) adalah 24,02±3,70 kg/m2. Dari hasil analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan overweight dan obese adalah umur, jenis kelamin, wilayah, status kawin, pekerjaan, status ekonomi, kebiasaan merokok. Selanjutnya diperoleh hasil juga bahwa kebiasaan makan roti dan kebiasaan makan biskuit juga berhubungan dengan kejadian obese. Perlu adanya upaya pencegahan seperti dengan aktivitas fisik yang cukup setiap hari secara berkesinambungan. Di samping itu diperlukan juga upaya promosi pemilihan makanan pengganti sumber karbohidrat dalam pemenuhan gizi seimbang baik dalam jumlah maupun jenis, serta kualitasnya.
KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK USIA DI BAWAH DUA TAHUN (BADUTA) DI KELURAHAN KEBON KALAPA, KECAMATAN BOGOR TENGAH, JAWA BARAT Utami, Nur Handayani; KP, Dwi Sisca
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 38, No 2 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRACTHousehold food security in some previous studies were found associated with the occurrence of malnutrition in children. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between household food security with stunting in children under 2 years of age (6-23 months) in Kebon Kalapa Village, Central Bogor. This was a cross-sectional study in Kebon Kalapa, Central Bogor Subdistrict. A total of 216 children under two years of age (6-23 months) and their mother were selected as samples in this study. The dependent variable in this study was the nutritional status of children (HAZ), whereas the main independent variables, was household food security. Food security was measured using an instrument called Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Results showed that more than half of the households had  food secure (63%), and other households which were classified as mild, moderate and severe categorizes of  food insecure were 17%, 11% and 9%, respectively. The study concluded that household food security is a risk factor for stunted children under two years of age, where children with food insecure household were at risk of 10.9 times become stunted after corrected by the child's age, birth weight, breastmilk consumption, use of a bottle feeding, food diversity, maternal age, maternal education, maternal nutrition knowledge, food hygiene practice, father’s education and father's work.Keywords: food security, nutritional status, under-two children ABSTRAKKetahanan pangan rumah tangga dalam beberapa studi sebelumnya ditemukan berhubungan dengan terjadinya kekurangan gizi pada anak. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dengan terjadinya pendek pada anak usia di bawah 2 tahun (6-23 bulan) di Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa, Kecamatan Bogor Tengah. Studi ini memiliki disain potong lintang dan dilakukan di Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa, Kecamatan Bogor Tengah. Sebanyak 216 anak usia dibawah dua tahun (6-23 bulan) beserta ibu nya menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini. Variabel terikat dalam studi ini adalah status gizi anak (TB/U), sedangkan variabel bebas utama yaitu: ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Ketahanan pangan diukur dengan menggunakan instrumen Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari separuh rumah tangga termasuk dalam kategori tahan pangan (63%). Di antara rumah tangga responden masih ada yang tergolong dalam kategori tidak tahan pangan tingkat ringan, sedang dan berat 17 persen, 11 persen dan 9 persen. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketahanan pangan rumah tangga merupakan risiko terhadap kejadian pendek pada baduta, dimana anak baduta dengan keluarga yang ketahanan pangan nya tidak baik memiliki resiko sebesar 10,9 kali anak badutanya menjadi pendek setelah dikoreksi oleh usia anak, berat lahir, konsumsi ASI, penggunaan dot, keragaman makanan, usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan gizi ibu, praktek higiene makanan, pendidikan ayah serta pekerjaan ayah.
HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN SENAM, ASUPAN KALSIUM DAN VITAMIN C DENGAN DENSITAS MASSA TULANG Siahaan, Ginta; Nasution, Erlina; Sihotang, Urbanus
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 38, No 2 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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ABSTRACTOsteoporosis in women starting at the age of 30 years and increased significantly at the age of 50 years, or around the age of menopause and prevalence of osteoporosis is 80 percent occurred in women. Prevention can be done with doing exercise and giving attention to a high dietary intake of calcium and vitamin C. The purpose of this study was to determine the gymnastic habits, intake of calcium and Vitamin C with a density of bone mass of gymnastics partisipants in Asia Mega Mas Housing at Sukaramai, Medan in 2013. This study was an observational with cross sectional study design. The number of subject was calculated using statistical formulas and samples were determined using purposive sampling technique with total of 67 people. Chi Square was applied and followed by a test of multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the most influence variable on bone mass density. The results showed that there were significant relationships for the three independent variables with bone mass density (p <0.05). Logistic regression test found that the most affected factor to bone mass density of gymnastics participants was calcium. For the people who like sport and have aged >30 years, intake adequately of calcium should be considered to prevent bone loss (osteoporosis) prematurely.Keywords: gymnastics habits, calcium, vitamin C, bone mass density ABSTRAKOsteoporosis pada perempuan di mulai pada usia 30 tahun dan meningkat secara nyata di usia 50 tahun, atau sekitar usia menopause dan prevalensi nya 80 persen terjadi pada kaum perempuan. Pencegahannya dengan melakukan olahraga dan memperhatikan asupan makanan tinggi kalsium, dan vitamin C. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kebiasaan berolahraga senam, asupan kalsium dan vitamin C dengan densitas massa tulang peserta senam di komplek Asia Mega Mas Sukaramai Medan tahun 2013. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Perhitungan sampel menggunakan rumus statistik didapatkan jumlah 67 orang orang. Penentuan sampel ditentukan melalui teknik purposive sampling. Analisis bivariat digunakan uji chi square, dilanjutkan uji logistik regresi multivariat untuk melihat variabel yang paling mempengaruhi densitas massa tulang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna untuk ketiga variabel independent yang mempengaruhi densitas massa tulang (p < 0,05). Sedangkan uji lanjutan dengan uji logistik regresi didapatkan asupan kalsium yang paling mempengaruhi densitas massa tulang peserta senam. Bagi masyarakat yang suka berolahraga dan berusia >30 tahun sebaiknya kegiatan olahraga diikuti dengan asupan kalsium yang cukup untuk mencegah terjadi pengeroposan tulang (osteoporosis) yang lebih cepat.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR SIWALAN (Borassus flabellifer L.) KEMASAN DAN AIR KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) KEMASAN TERHADAP STATUS HIDRASI DENGAN INDIKATOR PEMERIKSAAN DARAH DAN URIN PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS GAJAH MADA, YOGYAKARTA Penggalih, Mirza HST; Niamilah, Ibtidau; Ramadhani, Mahayu Firsty; Kamarga, Zainab Kamarga AP; Liana, Novriska Oky; Muslichah, Rahadyana; Pasaribu, Elita Oktorina
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 38, No 2 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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ABSTRACTFootball is a stop-and-go sport which causes great amount of sweat excretion. Therefore, water and electrolytes replacement is necessary. Sports drinks based on natural compounds, such as coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.), has been highly developed because of its high electrolytes and carbohydrate content. Palmyra saps, as well as coconut water, contains electrolytes and carbohydrate. The ability of palmyra saps water to rehydrate body fluid is still scientifically unproved. This study was conducted using cross-over design. Eighteen male students took part in this study. Each subject drank 250 ml of solution before the exercise and 300 ml of solution every 20 minutes during the 2 hours rehydration phase. Blood collections were done 3 times; before exercise, after exercise, and after 2 hours of rehydration. Urine collections were done 3 times; in the morning, after 1 hour of rehydration, and after 2 hours of rehydration.  No significant difference (p≥0,05) in palmyra saps brand (ASK) and coconut water brand (AKK) group for blood osmolality and hematocrit. Urinary Na+ and K+ value after 2 hours rehydration phase in ASK and AKK group have significant difference (p<0.05). Urinary Na+ value and urine osmolality after 2 hours rehydration phase in palmyra saps brand and coconut water brand group have significant difference (p<0.05). Significant difference in volume, urine specific gravity and urine color from 2 groups is found between 1 hour after rehydration phase and 2 hours after rehydration phase.Keywords: palmyra saps, coconut water, hydration status, sport drink ABSTRAKSepak bola merupakan olahraga stop and go yang dapat memicu pengeluaran keringat dalam jumlah banyak sehingga penggantian cairan dan elektrolit tubuh harus diperhatikan. Minuman olahraga berbasis bahan alami, seperti air kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.), telah banyak dikembangkan karena kandungan elektrolit dan karbohidratnya tinggi. Seperti air kelapa, air nira siwalan juga mengandung elektrolit dan karbohidrat yang penting untuk proses rehidrasi. Namun, kemampuan air nira siwalan untuk merehidrasi belum terbukti secara ilmiah. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-over dengan subjek 18 mahasiswa laki-laki yang mengikuti UKM sepak bola atau futsal UGM. Kelompok kontrol diberikan air kelapa kemasan (AKK), kelompok perlakuan diberikan air siwalan kemasan (ASK). Subjek diberikan 250ml minuman sebelum latihan dan 300ml setiap 20 menit fase rehidrasi selama 2 jam. Pengambilan darah dilakukan 3 kali yaitu sebelum dan setelah latihan serta 2 jam setelah fase rehidrasi. Pengumpulan urin dilakukan 3 kali yaitu pagi hari, setelah 1 jam fase rehidrasi, dan setelah 2 jam fase rehidrasi. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p≥0,05) hasil osmolalitas darah dan hematokrit kelompok ASK dan AKK, namun terjadi penurunan nilai osmolalitas darah dan hematokrit lebih besar pada kelompok ASK. Nilai Na+ dan K+ antara kelompok ASK dan AKK berbeda signifikan pada 2 jam fase rehidrasi (p<0,05). Perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05) kelompok ASK dan AKK terdapat pada kadar Na+ urin setelah 2 jam rehidrasi. Osmolalitas urin antara pemberian ASK dengan AKK terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada 2 jam fase rehidrasi (p<0,05). Fase setelah 1 jam rehidrasi hingga fase 2 jam rehidrasi terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05) pada volume, berat jenis, dan warna urin.
HUBUNGAN PEMAHAMAN IBU TENTANG PESAN GIZI SEIMBANG DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK PRASEKOLAH DI TK IT AULADUNA KOTA BENGKULU Yuliantini, Emy; Kusdalinah, Kusdalinah; Yuliani, Andhika Putri
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 38, No 2 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRACTMother's knowledge about balanced nutrition is important, since the role of the mother in the family is as the manager of food service. The quantity and quality of food and beverages consumed in the family level will affect health of all family’s members and finally it will affect communities as well. To keep the body healthy and is protected from chronic diseases or non-communicable diseases (NCDs) related to nutrition, individual diet needs to be improved to nutritionally balanced through consumption. Efforts have been made in monitoring the nutritional status and a set of good diet. This study aimed to explore understanding of mothers about balanced nutrition and nutritional status of preschool children at IT Auladuna kindergarten in Bengkulu City. It was an observational design with cross sectional study, take place at IT Auladuna kindergarten in Bengkulu City. The study population was a preschooler. Sampling was taken using proportional sample size (PPS) of 68 people. Data on maternal knowledge were collected through interviews using questionnaires, Body Weight (BW) and height of children were measured using standarized equipments. Based on the chi-square test results showed that mother’s knowledge about tumpeng/cone balanced nutrition had a significant relationship to nutritional status of preschooler (p ≤ 0.05), whereas knowledge about My Plate is not associated with nutritional status of preschooler. This study concluded that only the knowledge of mothers about cone-balanced nutrition was significant to nutritional status of their preschool children at IT Auladuna kindergarten in Bengkulu City.Keywords: nutritional status, knowledge of mother, balanced nutrition, preschool childrenABSTRAKPengetahuan ibu tentang gizi seimbang sangatlah penting, mengingat peran ibu dalam keluarga sebagai pengelola makanan. Ibu yang tidak tahu gizi makanan, akan menghidangkan makanan yang tidak seimbang gizinya. Agar tubuh tetap sehat dan terhindar dari berbagai penyakit kronis atau penyakit tidak menular (PTM) terkait gizi, maka pola makan masyarakat perlu diarahkan ke konsumsi gizi seimbang. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam memantau status gizi dengan mengatur pola makan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pemahaman ibu tentang tumpeng gizi seimbang dengan status gizi anak prasekolah di TK IT Auladuna Kota Bengkulu. Desain penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan metode cross sectional di TK IT Auladuna Kota Bengkulu. Populasi penelitian adalah anak prasekolah. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara proporsional sampel sebanyak 68 orang. Data tentang pengetahuan ibu dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan data pengukuran BB dan TB anak dilakukan dengan melakukan penimbangan dan pengukuran menggunakan alat terstandar. Berdasarkan uji chi-square diperoleh hasil bahwa hanya pengetahuan tentang tumpeng gizi seimbang ada hubungan nyata dengan status gizi (p< 0,05), namun tidak pada pengetahuan tentang piring makanku. Pengetahuan tentang gizi seimbang perlu ditingkatkan pada semua kelompok masyarakat khususnya pada ibu yang mempunyai anak prasekolah.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN POLA MENYUSUI BAYI DAN ANAK USIA 6-23 BULAN DI INDONESIA Widodo, Yekti; Sandjaja, Sandjaja
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 38, No 2 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months after birth and continued breastfeeding for up to 2 years is a very beneficial. The objectives of the study were to get better insight on the proportion of breastfeeding and its associated factors among Indonesian children to support breastfeeding awareness program. SEANUTS was a multi-centered nutrition study conducted in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. A subsample of 2.391 Indonesian children 6-23 months of age was analyzed using ANCOVA and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that 4.5 percent of the children were never breastfed. The study showed that factors significantly associated with never being breastfed were child not lived with his/her mother (OR = 5,0), mother’s education was junior high school or less (OR = 2,7), and child caregiver was not his/her mother (OR = 3,27). Delivery helped by private health practitioner or at home was significantly protective against not being breasfed (OR = 0,37). The overall proportion of children 6-23 months of age still being breastfed was 73.3 percent. Factors significantly associated with weaning were early weaned (OR = 1,13), working mother (OR = 2,0), child caregiver not his/her mother (OR = 1,62), and not lived with his/her mother (OR = 9,35). Factors associated with longer breastfeeding were living in rural areas (OR = 0,69), older age of mother 30-39 years (OR = 0,67), delivery at home (OR = 0,45) or health practitioner (OR = 0,65). In conclusion, the research indicated that not all babies get breastfeed in an optimal level. Health promotion program to increase breastfeeding awareness should be targeted more for health profesionals in hospital and maternity clinics, mother’s education was at junior high school or less, young mother, and in the urban area. Keywords: breastfeeding, weaning, Indonesian children ABSTRAK Menyusui eksklusif selama 6 bulan dan dilanjutkan pemberian ASI sampai anak usia 2 tahun, terbukti sangat bermanfaat. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan pola menyusui guna mendukung program menyusui di Indonesia. Data merupakan subsampel penelitian SEANUTS Indonesia yaitu anak 6-23 bulan berjumlah 2391. SEANUTS merupakan multi-centered study yang dilakukan di Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, dan Vietnam pada tahun 2011. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan diuji statistik dengan ANCOVA dan multiple logistic regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi anak yang tidak pernah mendapat ASI adalah 4,5 persen. Hasil analisis menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku tidak menyusui yaitu tidak tinggal dengan ibu (OR = 5,0), pendidikan ibu SMP ke bawah (OR = 2,7), tidak diasuh oleh ibu kandung (OR = 3,27). Persalinan di klinik bidan atau di rumah bersifat protektif terhadap perilaku tidak menyusui (OR = 0,37). Proporsi anak usia 6-23 bulan yang masih disusui adalah 73,3 persen. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan disapih lebih awal adalah (OR = 1,13), ibu bekerja (OR = 2,0), pengasuh bukan ibu (OR = 1,62), dan anak tidak tinggal dengan ibu (OR = 9,35). Faktor yang berhubungan dengan durasi menyusui lebih lama adalah tinggal di perdesaan (OR = 0,69), umur ibu 30-39 tahun (OR = 0,67), persalinan di rumah (OR = 0,45), di klinik bidan (OR = 0,65). Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak semua bayi mendapat ASI secara optimal. Target program promosi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pemberian ASI sampai usia 2 tahun adalah petugas kesehatan di rumah sakit, orang tua bayi berpendidikan SMP ke bawah, ibu usia muda, dan di daerah perkotaan.
SERUM RETINOL BINDING PROTEIN (RBP) IBU MENYUSUI DAN BAYINYA DI DUA KABUPATEN DI JAWA BARAT Sandjaja, Sandjaja; Sudikno, Sudikno
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 38, No 2 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Serum retinol concentration is commonly used to determine vitamin A status. Studies show that serum retinol binding protein (RBP) is a surrogate measure of vitamin A. Infant is among groups of high risk in vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Studies show that vitamin A status in lactating mother are associated with that in infant. However, there is no study of association between serum RBP in mother and infant. The objective of this paper is to determine the association of serum RBP in mother and that in infant. The study was conducted at 2 districts in West Java province of 293 pairs lactating mother and breastfed infant aged 6-11 month old of poor families. Serum vitamin A and RBP were measured by HPLC and ELISA respectively. Linear regression was employed to determine association between serum RBP of infant and mother after controlling for other risk factors. Mother’s serum retinol (X+SE) was higher compared to infant (39.0+1.1 and 29.9+0.7 mg/dL). Mother’s serum RBP was also higher in mother than in infant (1.25+0.02 and 0.95 + 0.01 µmol/L). There was a significant association between serum retinol and RBP of mother (r=0.565, p=0.000) and also in infant (r=0.309, p=0.000). There is a significant association between RBP status of mother and infant (r=0.379, p=0.000) controlled by household, mother, and child characteristics. Two main significant factors associated with serum RBP level in infant are serum RBP level of mother (p = 0.000) and infant received high-dose vitamin A capsule (p=0.010). The conclusion is that serum RBP can be used as a surrogate measure of vitamin A status and significant association between serum RBP in lactating mother and her infant. Keywords: retinol binding protein, serum retinol, lactating mother, infant  ABSTRAK Serum retinol umum digunakan untuk menentukan status kurang vitamin A (KVA). Salah satu alternatif menilai KVA adalah serum retinol binding protein (RBP). Beberapa penelitian membuktikan korelasi antara serum retinol ibu menyusui dan bayinya, tetapi belum ada yang meneliti korelasi RBP ibu dan bayinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi serum RBP ibu menyusui dan RBP bayi. Penelitian dilakukan di dua kabupaten di Jawa Barat dengan sampel 293 pasangan ibu menyusui dan bayinya. Serum retinol ditentukan dengan metoda HPLC sedangkan RBP dengan ELISA. Analisis regresi linier digunakan untuk menilai korelasi RBP ibu dan bayi dikontrol dengan faktor risiko lain. Kadar serum retinol (X+SE) ibu menyusui lebih tinggi dibanding bayi (39,0+1,1 and 29,9+0,7 mg/dL). RBP ibu menyusui juga lebih tinggi dibanding RBP bayi (1,25+0,02 and 0,95 + 0,01 µmol/L). Ada korelasi signifikan antara serum retinol dengan RBP baik pada ibu menyusui (r=0,565; p=0,000) maupun pada bayi (r=0,309; p=0,000). Korelasi signifikan dibuktikan antara kadar RBP ibu menyusui dan RBP bayi (r=0,379; p=0,000) dikontrol karakteristik rumahtangga, ibu, dan bayi. Faktor utama yang signifikan menentukan kadar RBP bayi adalah RBP ibu menyusui (p = 0,000) dan bayi menerima kapsul vitamin A 6 bulan terakhir (p=0,010). Serum RBP merupakan alternatif menentukan KVA dan ada korelasi signifikan antara serum RBP ibu menyusui dan bayi.

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