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INDONESIA
GIZI INDONESIA
Published by DPP PERSAGI Jakarta
ISSN : 04360265     EISSN : 25285874     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) is an open access, peer-reviewed and inter-disciplinary journal managed by The Indonesia Nutrition Association (PERSAGI). Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) has been accredited by Indonesian Institute of Sciences since 2004. Gizi Indonesia aims to disseminate the information about nutrition, therefore it is expected that it can improve insight and knowledge in nutrition to all communities and academics. Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) offers a specific forum for advancing scientific and professional knowledge of the nutrition field among practitioners as well as academics in public health and researchers
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 538 Documents
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GAMBARAN KESEGARAN JASMANI PADA REMAJA LAKI-LAKI DENGAN ANEMIA Permaesih, Dewi; Rosmalina, Yuniar
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 27, No 2 (2004): September 2004
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v27i2.4

Abstract

Physical fitness is needed for daily activities.The level of physical fitness could be recognizedthrough many measurement. Many factors influence the level of physical activity, include anemia.The purpose of the study is to find physical fitness level among anemia adult. A cross sectionaldesign was apllied in this study. This study site took place at Pondok Pesantren in Bogor,WestJava. Sample were student who stay in Pondok Pesantren. Data on anemia were identified fromresult of hemoglobin determination by cyanmethemoglobin method. Physical fitness scoremeasured from cardiovascular endurancece,muscle strength, flexibility, muscle endurance andbody composition. Univariate and bivariate were applied in this analysis. The result showed thatlevel of physical fitness index the sample 98,4 % in moderate level. The result biavariate analysisishowed relation between age and physical fitness index.Keywords: anemia, physical fitness, teenage
GAMBARAN KONSUMSI ZAT GIZI ANAK UMUR 6 BULAN – 12 TAHUN DI INDONESIA Widodo, Yekti; Sandjaja, nFN; Sumedi, Edith
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 36, No 2 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v36i2.142

Abstract

Prevalensi gangguan gizi pada anak di Indonesia terutama stunting masih cukup tinggi dan menempati posisi kelima terbesar di dunia. Penyebab multi sektoral gangguan gizi termasuk makanan, kesehatan dan pola asuh. Di tingkat individu, penyebab langsung gangguan gizi tersebut adalah masih rendahnya kuantitas konsumsi makanan dan rendahnya kualitas bahan makanan yang dikonsumsi,  serta adanya penyakit infeksi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsumsi makanan anak di Indonesia. Studi SEANUTS dilakukan di 48 kabupaten di wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan. Data tingkat kecukupan konsumsi zat gizi anak Indonesia umur 6 bulan-12 tahun diperoleh dengan metode recall 1x24 jam yang meliputi 3600 anak. Konversi bahan makanan yang dikonsumi ke dalam zat gizi dilakukan berdasarkan daftar komposisi bahan makanan Indonesia dan tingkat kecukupan konsumsi zat gizi dihitung berdasarkan AKG Indonesia. Hasilnya menunjukkan rata-rata tingkat  kecukupan konsumsi energi, vitamin A, asam folat, vitamin C, kalsium, dan besi masih di bawah AKG (44-77%), sedangkan rata-rata tingkat kecukupan konsumsi protein dan fosfor sudah di atas AKG (106-114%). Rata-rata tingkat kecukupan konsumsi zat gizi tertinggi adalah kelompok umur 6-11 bulan dan terendah kelompok umur 9-12 tahun. Proporsi anak dengan tingkat konsumsi zat gizi di bawah AKG tertinggi pada kelompok umur 9-12 tahun dan terendah umur 6-11 bulan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa anak-anak pada kelompok umur lebih tua, dengan ibu berpendidikan rendah, kuintil sosial ekonomi rendah, dan tinggal di perdesaan, mempunyai risiko lebih tinggi mengonsumsi zat gizi di bawah AKGABSTRACTDIETARY INTAKE OF INDONESIAN CHILDREN 6 MONTH - 12 YEAR OF AGEThe prevalence of undernutrition in Indonesia is still high. Stunting, one type of undernutrition with the highest prevalence is rank number five in the world. The multisectoral causes of undernutrition include food, health, and caring practices. At individual level, the immediate causes are inadequate and low quality of dietary intake and infectious disease. This SEANUTS study aimed to assess dietary intake among children in Indonesia. The study was conducted in 48 districts covering urban and rural areas of 3,600 children 6 month-12 years of age. Dietary intake was assessed by 1x24 hour dietary recall by trained nutritionists. Indonesian food composition tables were used to calculate nutrient contents and then compared the nutrient intakes to Indonesian recommended dietary allowances (RDA) to assess their adequacy. The overall results showed that the average intakes of energy, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, iron, and calsium and phosphor were still below the RDA (44-77%), while protein and phosphor were above the RDA (106-114%). The inadequacy varies among age group, the older the children the more deficit of nutrient intake. The highest average intake was among  children 6-11 month of age groups and lowest is among children 9-12 year of age. By using cut-off point of Indonesian RDA, there were still high proportion of children deficit in nutrient intakes. It is concluded that children of older age group, living with low maternal education, low socioeconomic status, and in rural area were significantly higher risk of deficit in nutrient intake below RDA. Keywords: nutrient consumption, RDA, Indonesian children
KECENDERUNGAN PERTUMBUHAN TINGGI BADAN ANAK USIA 5-18 TAHUN DI INDONESIA 1940 – 2010 Sandjaja, nFN; Soekatri, Moesijanti YE
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 37, No 2 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v37i2.153

Abstract

Tinggi badan merupakan cermin dari pertumbuhan linier tubuh. Potensi pertumbuhan tinggi badan dipengaruhi oleh tingkat sosial ekonomi, kesehatan, status gizi, konsumsi makanan, lingkungan hidup, dan genetik. Studi di banyak negara maju membuktikan bahwa tinggi badan yang semakin tinggi dan optimal pada umur yang sama sejalan dengan perbaikan tingkat kesejahteraan, disebut sebagai secular trend. Studi ini membandingkan tinggi badan anak Indonesia umur 5 – 18 tahun antar generasi sejak 1942 sampai 2010 dengan melakukan analisis data sekunder yaitu data dari Gorter tahun 1942 ( 30,000 anak), Yayah pada tahun 1984 (10,000 anak) dan dari RKD (Riset Kesehatan Dasar) tingkat nasional 2010 ( 60.000 anak). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa tinggi badan anak lebih rendah antara 7,0-13,8  cm pada laki-laki dan 6,0-10,7 cm pada perempuan dibanding dengan standar WHO. Tinggi badan anak lebih rendah di perdesaan dibanding di perkotaan, dan pada kuintil-1 pengeluaran per kapita dibanding kuintil-5. Selama kurun waktu sekitar 70 tahun (1940-an – 2010) tinggi badan anak hanya bertambah 0,8-3,5 cm untuk laki laki dan 0,3-1,9 cm pada perempuan.Tinggi anak di RKD 2010 bervariasi berdasarkan tempat tinggal dan status sosial ekonomi. Anak di Jakarta lebih tinggi 2,5-6,0 Cm pada laki laki dan 0,9-6.7 Cm pada perempuan dibandingkan dengan anak dari 32 provinsi di luar Jakarta. Status sosial ekonomi juga berhubungan dengan pertumbuhan linier yang mana mereka dengan tingkat sosial ekonomi  tertinggi (kuintil-5) paling tinggi sedangkan pada kuintil-1 mempunyai tinggi badan yang terendah. Disimpulkan bahwa tinggi badan anak Indonesia usia 5-18 tahun tahun 2010 lebih rendah dari standrar WHO, dan pertumbuhan linier tahun 2010 bertambah dibandingkan dengan tahun 1940-an. ABSTRACT SECULAR GROWTH OF BODY HEIGHT AMONG CHILDREN 5-18 YEAR OF AGEIN INDONESIA SINCE 1940 TO 2010 Other studies from industrialized countries shows that improvement of height and achievement of potential  growth is in accordance with better level of welfare, called secular growth. This paper aimed to provide evidence of secular growth of Indonesian children aged 5-18 year-old since 1940’s up to 2010 using secondary data. The study reviewed scientific articles or studies in former Netherland Indies and Indonesia from 1942 to 2010, with large sample size, covered most areas of Indonesia, sound scientific method, aged 5 year old above. Three studies available by Gorter in 1940’s ( 30,000 children), Yayah in 1984 (10,000 children) and secondary anthropometry data of RKD (Riset Kesehatan Dasar or Baseline Health Research) conducted nationwide in 2010 ( 60.000 children). This paper uses two older articles and analyze raw data of RKD 2010. The result shows that compared to WHO child growth standard height of Indonesian boys and girls is shorter 7.0-13.8 cm and 6.0-10.7 cm, respectively. There is only 0.8-3.5 cm in boys and 0.3-1.9 cm in girls increase of linear growth over 70 years since 1940’s. Child height in RKD 2010 varied according to residence and socio-economic status. Children in Jakarta were taller 2.5-6.0 Cm in boys and 0.9-6.7 Cm in girls compared to the rest of the country. Children from highest socio-economic status (quintile-5) is the tallest, and quintile-1 is the shortest. The difference of height is between 3.1-4.2 cm in boys and 1.6-3.7 in girls. It is concluded that height of Indonesian children 5-18 year-old in 2010 is lower than WHO standard and an increase of linear growth found in 2010 compared to in 1940’s. Keywords: secular trend, linear growth, body height
ANEMIA PADA IBU USIA 17-35 TAHUN DI DAERAH ‘REPLETE’ ENDEMIK DEFISIENSI IODIUM Budiman, Basuki; Dewi, Rosmala; Muljati, Sri
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 30, No 1 (2007): Maret 2007
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v30i1.36

Abstract

ANEMIA OF CHILD BEARING AGE MOTHERS 17-35 YEARS OF AGE IN ENDEMIC IODINE ‘REPLETE’ AREAIron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) as well as Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) both have adverseeffects on cognitive and neuropsychomotor, and adverse pregnant outcomes. Both iron andiodine have role on nuero development. Iron interact with iodine through the activity of thyroidperoxidase (TPO), an iron-dependent enzyme. IDA in iodine replete area (IRA) have not beenreported. Assesments IDA (Hb), free thyroxine (fT4), Thyrotropin hormone (TSH) of reproductivemothers 17-35 years of age were conducted in IRA and non-endemic deficiency iodine area(NEDIA). Casual iodine urin concentration (UIC) of school age children was also assesed toconfirm iodine endemicity of study area. Analysis of risk for anemia according to iodine status andcorrelation hemoglobin and thyrotropin were performed. The study area was confirmed to be nonendemic iodine deficiency (UIC criteria). Median EIU were 242 (24-880) µg/L in IRA and 211 (44-387) µg/L in NEDIA respectively. Proportion of EIU less than 100 µg/L in IRA were 5.0 % and inNEDIA 1.2 %. Proporsion of EIU greater than 300 µg/L were 29.6 dan 24.7 persen respectively.The results indicated that study areas were no longer endemic iodine deficiency and the peoplewhere they live consumed iodine tend to excess. These situation may effect on thyroid function asindicated by suppressed TSH and fT4 in normal range. Those two thyroid function parameterssignificantly different in the IRA and NEDIA. The everages serum concentration of TSH in thestudy area were 1,96(1,56-2,36) in IRA compared to 1,38 (1,09-1,67) mUI/L in NEDIA(p=0,23);while fT4 were 1,29 (1,14-1,44) and 0,98 (0,90-1,05) µg/dL respectively. Hemoglobin serumconcentration of mothers in those two area was not signicantly different; 12,45 (12,19-12,71) inIRA compared to 12,21 (11,96-12,46) mg/dL di NEDIA. Iron deficiency anemia was found 23,3 %in IRA and 35,7 % in NEDIA; however mothers in IRA have risk for anemia as big as mothers inNEDIA OR: 0,54(0,24-1,24). Analysis correlation (Spearman’s) between TSH and Hb providedcoefisient correlation Rho as much as 0.072 indicated very weak correlation between the twoparameters. There were no difference in proportion of hypothyroidism in the two study areas (OR:0,68 (0,207-2,25). Although the proportion of iron deficiensi anemia (IDA) in IRA much less thanthe proportion in NEDIA; there were no relationship between IDA and Iodine deficiency.Absorption of Fe in IRA may be more efficient than did in NEDIA. More studies are needed toconfirm this finding.Keywords: IDA, TSH, fT4, Hb, EIU, NEDIA, IRA
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN POLA MENYUSUI BAYI DAN ANAK USIA 6-23 BULAN DI INDONESIA Widodo, Yekti; Sandjaja, Sandjaja
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 38, No 2 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v38i2.182

Abstract

ABSTRACT Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months after birth and continued breastfeeding for up to 2 years is a very beneficial. The objectives of the study were to get better insight on the proportion of breastfeeding and its associated factors among Indonesian children to support breastfeeding awareness program. SEANUTS was a multi-centered nutrition study conducted in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. A subsample of 2.391 Indonesian children 6-23 months of age was analyzed using ANCOVA and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that 4.5 percent of the children were never breastfed. The study showed that factors significantly associated with never being breastfed were child not lived with his/her mother (OR = 5,0), mother’s education was junior high school or less (OR = 2,7), and child caregiver was not his/her mother (OR = 3,27). Delivery helped by private health practitioner or at home was significantly protective against not being breasfed (OR = 0,37). The overall proportion of children 6-23 months of age still being breastfed was 73.3 percent. Factors significantly associated with weaning were early weaned (OR = 1,13), working mother (OR = 2,0), child caregiver not his/her mother (OR = 1,62), and not lived with his/her mother (OR = 9,35). Factors associated with longer breastfeeding were living in rural areas (OR = 0,69), older age of mother 30-39 years (OR = 0,67), delivery at home (OR = 0,45) or health practitioner (OR = 0,65). In conclusion, the research indicated that not all babies get breastfeed in an optimal level. Health promotion program to increase breastfeeding awareness should be targeted more for health profesionals in hospital and maternity clinics, mother’s education was at junior high school or less, young mother, and in the urban area. Keywords: breastfeeding, weaning, Indonesian children ABSTRAK Menyusui eksklusif selama 6 bulan dan dilanjutkan pemberian ASI sampai anak usia 2 tahun, terbukti sangat bermanfaat. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan pola menyusui guna mendukung program menyusui di Indonesia. Data merupakan subsampel penelitian SEANUTS Indonesia yaitu anak 6-23 bulan berjumlah 2391. SEANUTS merupakan multi-centered study yang dilakukan di Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, dan Vietnam pada tahun 2011. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan diuji statistik dengan ANCOVA dan multiple logistic regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi anak yang tidak pernah mendapat ASI adalah 4,5 persen. Hasil analisis menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku tidak menyusui yaitu tidak tinggal dengan ibu (OR = 5,0), pendidikan ibu SMP ke bawah (OR = 2,7), tidak diasuh oleh ibu kandung (OR = 3,27). Persalinan di klinik bidan atau di rumah bersifat protektif terhadap perilaku tidak menyusui (OR = 0,37). Proporsi anak usia 6-23 bulan yang masih disusui adalah 73,3 persen. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan disapih lebih awal adalah (OR = 1,13), ibu bekerja (OR = 2,0), pengasuh bukan ibu (OR = 1,62), dan anak tidak tinggal dengan ibu (OR = 9,35). Faktor yang berhubungan dengan durasi menyusui lebih lama adalah tinggal di perdesaan (OR = 0,69), umur ibu 30-39 tahun (OR = 0,67), persalinan di rumah (OR = 0,45), di klinik bidan (OR = 0,65). Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak semua bayi mendapat ASI secara optimal. Target program promosi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pemberian ASI sampai usia 2 tahun adalah petugas kesehatan di rumah sakit, orang tua bayi berpendidikan SMP ke bawah, ibu usia muda, dan di daerah perkotaan.
KAJIAN PERBEDAAN PREVALENSI BALITA KURUS DAN PENDEK MENURUT STANDAR WHO 2005 DIBANDING NCHS: Analisis Data SKRT 2004 ., Sandjaja
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 31, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v31i1.52

Abstract

THE DIFFERENCE IN THE PREVALENCE OF WASTING AND STUNTING IN CHLIDREN AGE0-59 MONTHS BY USING NCHS AND NEW WHO ANTHROPOMETRIC STANDARD: Re-analysis of Indonesian Household Health Survey 2004WHO introduced new Child Growth Standard for children 0 – 60 months of age in the early 2006based on Multi-Centre Growth Reference Study (MGRS) in 6 countries: Brazil, Ghana, India,Norway, Oman and the United States of America involving healthy children living in healthyenvironment that provide possibility for them to grow according to their genetic potential. WHOrecommended that the standard be used as a new anthropometric reference replacing the existingNCHS-WHO child growth reference. However, some experts demand to evaluate the standard,before Indonesia adopts it in the nutrition program. This paper tries to compare the consequenceof adopting new WHO standard to the magnitude of stunting and wasting. The main objective ofthe paper is to re-analyze the existing anthropometric data on children aged 0-59 months by usingboth NCHS-WHO reference and new WHO standard on the prevalence of wasting (W/L or W/H)and stunting (H/A). This re-analysis is based on anthropometric data of 3,316 children age below 5years old from Household Health Survey 2004. Child weight and length/height were converted intoz-scores of W/H and H/A by using both NCHS and new WHO Growth Standard, and compared theprevalence of wasting and stunting. The results showed that the prevalence stunting is higher byusing new WHO Growth Standard (28.6%) compared to that by using NCHS growth references(24.1%). The difference in the prevalence varied between sex from 4.5-4.7% and across agegroups from 1.3-9.2%. Similar results also found for the prevalence of wasting. The prevalence ofwasting by using WHO Growth Standard and NCHS growth references was 15.1% and 13.8%respectively. The difference in the prevalence varied between sex from 0.8-2.1% and across agegroups which varied fourfold (21.0% and 5.6%) for children age below 6 month old and only 1.7%for children age 48-59 month old.Keywords: anthropometric standard, stunted, wasted, height for age, weight for height
THE EFFECTS OF ROOM SERVICE TO IMPROVE PATIENTS’ FOOD SATISFACTION AND FOOD ACCEPTANCE Iqbal, Muhammad; Susetyowati, Susetyowati; Purba, Martalena Br
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 39, No 2 (2016): September 2016
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v39i2.213

Abstract

The improvement of patients’ food satisfaction and acceptance in the hospitals is primarily needed in the food service  system.  Room service is a new concept in the food service area. This study aims to compare the effects of two different types of food service systems; room service and conventional service system. The study with quasi-experimental design is conducted to the subject of 66 inpatients who were taken using a quota sampling method. Subjects were divided into different groups, the treatment groups (room service) and control groups (conventional). Leftover food between groups was compared for 9 large meals to determine acceptability. Food satisfaction is measured on the last day with using questionnaire. The study was conducted in April-June 2014. Chi-Square test and logistic regression were used for analysis of research data. There were significant differences food satisfaction (RR=4.6; p=0.0001) and food acceptance (RR=1.94; p=0.0488) between control and treatment group. The logistic regression test showed that room service group had higher food satisfaction and food acceptance level than control group after controlling confounding factors, which were 12,11 times (95% CI 3,593 – 37,219) and 2,38 times (95% CI 0,68-8,31), respectively. The room service increases food satisfaction and food acceptance of patients compared with conventional systems.
PENGEMBANGAN MAKANAN PENDAMPING AIR SUSU IBU (MPASI) BERBASIS PUPA MULBERRY (PURY) Astuti, Trina; Kusharto, Clara M; ., Hardinsyah; Firmansyah, Agus
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 32, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v32i1.69

Abstract

COMPLEMENTARY FOOD DEVELOPMENT BASED ON PUPAE-MULBERRY (PURY)Proper complementary feeding are well recognized as necessary to ensure optimal growth anddevelopment during the early years, however are often inadequate in energy density, protein andmicronutrient concentration. The aim of the study is to develop pury-formula complementary foodsfor infant aged 6-9 moths and to analyze nutrition quality and food safety. A silkworm pupae was amajor constituents used as materials which was processed to be a fine powder, called “PURY”.Methods: mix all ingredients consist of 16.6% red rice flour, 16.6% tempe powder, 16.6% formula milkpowder, 25% fine sugar cane and 25% pury. Results and finding: Per 100 g Pury-formula contain 426kcal energy, 20.0% protein, 11.2% fat included linoleat and linolenat; vitamin A,E, B groups andmineral such as Fe, Ca, Zinc, Iodine and Se. Conclusion: Pury-formula complementary food is betterthan commercial product and as well as Health Department guidance. It has a well balanced amountof energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat included long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) thatare essential for the brain and optimal growth of infants. Recommendation: Pury-formula can be analternate nutritious complementary food for infants undernourished.Keywords: pury, complementary food, growth, infant, undernourished
ENERGY EXPENDITURE KELOMPOK PRE LANSIA DAN LANSIA DI KOTA DAN DESA (Analisis Data Riskesdas 2007) Rosmalina, Yuniar; Permaesih, Dewi
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 33, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v33i1.85

Abstract

The objective of the study was to determine physical activity level and factors related to physical activities obf Pre Elderly and Elderly people. Methods: The Riskesdas 2007 data was analyzed to fulfill the objective of the study. The sample were household who has aged 45 – 60 years old, no indication of infectious diseases and can independently perform their mobility. The sample was 200.703 Pre Elderly and elderly included in this study. The variable analysis were characteristic of respondent, physical activity level, body weight, height and body mass index , sex, education level. Results: The physical activities of 72,9 percent male Pre-Elderly in Rural was classified as heavy compared to elderly male in Urban (41,4 %). The same pattern of physical activities were indicated in Elderly 50,3 % in rural were considered as heavy level compared to elderly in Urban (25,5%). The pre-elderly women who had physical activities heavy level was higher in Rural (38,9 %) compared to pre-elderly in urban (13,4%). While in elderly women also shown the same pattern 20,5 % in Rural and 7,3% in Urban. The average energy expenditure of pre-elderly male in urban was 2192 ± 132 Kcal and 2192 ±135 Kcal in Rural, while the energy expenditure of male elderly in urban was 1731 ± 120 and 1731 ± 120 Kcal in Rural. The average energy expenditure of pre-elderly women was 1753 ± 69 Kcal in urban and 1744 ±7 2 Kcal in rural, while the energy expenditure of elderly women in urban was 1518 ± 79 and 1503 ± 79 Kcal in rural. Conclusion: There was no differences between theaverage energy expenditure of pre-elderly in urban and rural, while in elderly male was higher in urban compared to rural. The average energy expenditure of pre-elderly and elderly women was higher in urban compared to rural.Keywords: energy expenditure, pre-elderly an d elderly, physical activities
HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI DAN FAKTOR SOSIODEMOGRAFI DENGAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI DAERAH ENDEMIS GAKI Puspitasari, Fithia Dyah; Sudargo, Toto; Gamayanti, Indria Laksmi
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 34, No 1 (2011): Maret 2011
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v34i1.101

Abstract

Lebih dari sepertiga (36,1%) anak di Indonesia tergolong pendek ketika memasuki usia sekolah. Pada sisi yang lain penelitian-penelitian di negara berkembang lebih mengutamakan faktor kesehatan dibandingkan faktor pengasuhan orangtua sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan fungsi kognitif seorang anak. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dan faktor sosiodemografi dengan kemampuan  kognitif  anak  sekolah  dasar  di  daerah  endemis  GAKI.  Rancangan  penelitian  adalah  cross sectional. Subyek adalah anak usia 9-12 tahun yang bersekolah di daerah Kismantoro yang merupakan daerah endemis GAKI sedang. Sebanyak 69 anak sekolah dasar dipilih secara  simple random sampling untuk ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Data sosiodemografi diperoleh lewat angket sedangkan data status gizi diperoleh lewat pengukuran antropometri secaralangsung.  Inform Consentdidapatkan dari masingmasing keluarga subyek. Hasil analisa bivariat menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizidengan  kemampuan  verbal  (p= 0,037)  dan  kemampuan  kognitif  total  subyek  (p=  0,021).  Subyek  yang mengalami  stunted memiliki  risiko  9,226  kali  lebih  besar  untuk  memiliki  nilai  IQ  dibawah  rata-rata dibandingkan  subyek  yang  berstatus  gizi  normal.  Hubungan  yang  signifikan  juga  ditunjukkan  oleh variabel lama pendidikan orangtua terhadap seluruh  aspek kemampuan kognitif (p  0,000-0,009). Setelah dilakukan  uji  multivariat  diketahui  bahwa  hanya  lama  pendidikan  orangtua  yang  tetap  berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan kognitif subyek. Kemampuan kognitif total dan kemampuan verbal subyek dipengaruhi oleh lama pendidikan ibu. Sedangkan lama pendidikan ayah memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kemampuan non verbal subyek penelitian. Untuk itu, para orangtua harus menempuh pendidikan setinggi-tingginya untuk mendukung perkembangan kemampuan kognitif anaknya. Kata kunci: status gizi, faktor sosiodemografi, kemampuan kognitif, anak sekolah dasar

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