Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan
JPTT: Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan accepts manuscript research results in the fields of educational psychology, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, social psychology, industrial & organizational psychology, but not limited to: Personality and Learning Learning Interventions Teaching Strategies Education of Children with Special Needs Education of Gifted Children Counselling in Education Development of Children, Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Developmental Problems Parenting Strategies Quality of Life Personality Disorder Behaviour Modification Counselling and Psychotherapy Psychosis Disorders Psychological Intervention Social Transformation Social Intervention Employee Engagement Aggressive Behavior Prosocial Behavior Group Conformity Customer Satisfaction Organizational Leadership Organizational Commitment Work Motivation Work Stress
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531 Documents
<![CDATA[Peran Psychological Capital dalam Hubungan Persepsi Dukungan Manajemen dan Kesiapan untuk Berubah ]]>
<![CDATA[Novia Putri Anggraini]]>;
<![CDATA[Fajrianthi Fajrianthi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p85-94
<![CDATA[Change is something that will occur in any organization. The main factor that enables the organizations to achieve success in the changes they face is its employees readiness for change. This study examined the role of psychological capital in the relationship of perceived management support and readiness for change. Data were collected from 198 employees from various departments at PT. X. The sample was selected purposively based on the same criteria, namely: permanent workers from the restructured units at the company. This study used perceived management support, readiness for change, and psychological capital scales. Data were simultaneously tested using partial least square analysis with the help of Smart PLS 3 software. This study found positive and significant relationship of perceived management support and individual readiness for change, but psychological capital does not mediate the relationship of the perceived management support and individual readiness for change. Keywords: Perceived management support, psychological capital, readiness for change Abstrak: Perubahan merupakan hal yang pasti akan selalu terjadi pada suatu organisasi. Faktor utama tercapainya keberhasilan dalam perubahan organisasi adalah kesiapan individu untuk berubah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji peran psychological capital dalam hubungan persepsi dukungan manajemen dan kesiapan individu untuk berubah. Penelitian ini melibatkan 198 karyawan dari berbagai departemen di perusahaan PT. X. Kriteria utama pemilihan sampel adalah para karyawan ini adalah pekerja tetap yang bertugas di unit-unit kerja yang mengalami restrukturasi. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan menggunakan tiga instrumen, yaitu skala persepsi dukungan manajemen, kesiapan individu untuk berubah, dan psychological capital. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik partial least square dengan bantuan aplikasi Smart PLS 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara persepsi dukungan manajemen dan kesiapan individu untuk berubah, namun psychological capital tidak terbukti memediasi hubungan antara persepsi dukungan manajemen dan kesiapan individu untuk berubah tersebut.]]>
<![CDATA[Peran Efikasi Diri dalam Keputusan Karier terhadap Hubungan antara Future Work Self dengan Adaptabilitas Karier pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir ]]>
<![CDATA[Arifiana Nabilah]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyu Indianti]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v9n2.p160-174
<![CDATA[Competition in the current era of globalization requires individuals to be more adaptive in their careers. Career adaptability is one of the constructs related to career psychology that focuses on helping individuals to monitor career development during their lifetime. This research was conducted on 440 final year college students who were at least in the seventh semester of their studies at university. This study assumes that career decision self-efficacy a mediator for the relation between future work self and career adaptability. The results show that future work self has a strong relationship with career adaptability. The relationship is proved to be mediated partially by career decision self-efficacy. There are still other possible variables that can fully explain the relationship of future work self and career adaptability to final years college students.Keywords: Career adaptability, future work self, career decision self-efficacy, college students]]>
<![CDATA[Job Autonomy sebagai Moderator pada Pengaruh Job Insecurity terhadap Perilaku Kerja Inovatif ]]>
<![CDATA[Ludi Prasetyo Ardy]]>;
<![CDATA[Fajrianthi Fajrianthi]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v9n2.p101-111
<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the role of job insecurity towards innovative work behavior with job autonomy as a moderator. The concept of the three variables were tested using the theoretical concepts of job demand and job control. In the condition of "active job", individuals can produce ideas and innovations in responding to work conditions. Previous studies show that active jobs can be obtained when there is a high interaction between high job demand and job control. Based on these studies it can be assumed that job insecurity (job demand) and job autonomy (job control) will influence innovative work behavior. This study used a quantitative approach by using SEM-PLS to analyze data. A total of 194 participants in a manufacturing industry, primarily from its production units, were involved in this study. The results show that job insecurity has a negative significant effect on innovative work behavior while job autonomy has a positive significant effect on the variable. The moderation test of job autonomy on the effect of job insecurity on innovative work behavior show no significant result. The strict operational standard procedure in the production unit is assumed as one of the factors that makes job autonomy does not play a role in reducing the negative influence of job insecurity on innovative work behavior.Keywords: Job autonomy, job insecurity, innovative work behavior, manufacturing]]>
<![CDATA[Perbedaan Gender pada Kesadaran Metakognitif dalam Strategi Membaca Bacaan Akademik ]]>
<![CDATA[Wulansari Ardianingsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Rose Mini Agoes Salim]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p74-84
<![CDATA[Metacognitive awareness of reading strategies can be defined as the knowledge or awareness about strategies to process reading materials, the ability to monitor comprehension, and the ability to employ strategies in understanding text. Previous studies show inconsistent results regarding the role of gender in the metacognitive awareness of reading. The current study aims to evaluate gender differences in the students knowlegde of metacognitive strategies in reading. This study involves 137 students (59 boys and 78 girls) from grade 4 to 6. The current study uses Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) that consists of 3 subscales: global strategy, problem solving, and support strategy. Results show that female students outperform male students in their metacognitive awareness, both in general scale and in each type of strategy. In addition, the most used strategy is the problem solving strategy, while the least used is the support strategy. This finding suggests that teachers need to consider the gender difference in determining the effective methods of delivering materials in classrooms. Keywords: metacognitive awareness, reading, gender differencesAbstrak: Kesadaran metakognitif dalam membaca dapat didefinisikan sebagai pengetahuan akan strategi untuk memproses bacaan, kemampuan untuk memonitor pemahaman, dan kemampuan untuk mengatur strategi yang dibutuhkan untuk memahami bacaan. Hingga saat ini masih terdapat hasil yang tidak konsisten mengenai peran gender dalam kesadaran metakognitif siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah lebih dalam mengenai bagaimana perbedaan siswa laki-laki dan perempuan pada kesadaran metakogntifnya dalam membaca, khususnya pada bacaan akademik. Penelitian melibatkan 137 siswa (59 laki-laki dan 78 perempuan) kelas 4 6 Sekolah Dasar (SD) dengan menggunakan alat ukur Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) yang terdiri atas 3 dimensi: strategi global, penyelesaian masalah, dan strategi pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa perempuan lebih sering menggunakan strategi metakognitif dibandingkan siswa laki-laki, baik secara keseluruhan maupun pada masing-masing jenis strategi. Selanjutnya, jenis strategi yang paling banyak dipakai adalah strategi penyelesaian masalah, sedangkan strategi yang paling jarang dipakai adalah strategi pendukung bacaan. Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi pada kebutuhan guru untuk memperhatikan perbedaan gender siswa ketika menentukan metode penyampaian tugas atau materi belajar agar pembelajaran berlangsung efektif.]]>
<![CDATA[Disposisi Berpikir Terbuka secara Aktif: Definisi, Pengukuran, dan Kaitannya dengan Prestasi Akademik ]]>
<![CDATA[Anindito Aditomo]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p1-14
<![CDATA[This study seeks to evaluate the validity of a scale intended to measure actively open-minded thinking (AOT), and to explore whether AOT can predict academic performance. The Rasch model was applied to evaluate the scales construct validity through the mirt package in R. Scale validation was based upon a sample of university students in Surabaya (N=424), while regression analysis to predict academic achievement was based on a sub-sampel for which data was available (n=220). Rasch analysis results suggested that the 10-item self-report scale had good construct validity, especially when measuring participants from the lower end of the trait level spectrum. AOT was found to be positively and moderately correlated with conscientiousness and openness to experience. AOT also predicted higher performance in a course which assessed students ability to analyse and evaluate arguments, as well as overall performance assessed by their grade point average (GPA) 18 months later. These results suggest that AOT is an important variable that can be adequately measured using a self-report instrument. Further work should focus on creating items which are more difficult to endorse.Keywords: Thinking disposition, intellectual character, item-response theory, Big 5 personality, academic achievement Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi validitas sebuah skala disposisi berpikir terbuka secara aktif, serta mengeksplorasi kaitan disposisi tersebut dengan prestasi akademik. Validasi skala dilakukan pada sampel mahasiswa sebuah universitas di Surabaya (N=424), sedangkan regresi untuk memprediksi prestasi akademik dilakukan pada sub-sampel (n=220). Validasi dilakukan dengan model Rasch menggunakan paket mirt di program R. Hasil pemodelan Rasch menunjukkan bahwa skala disposisi berpikir terbuka-aktif memiliki validitas konstruk yang baik, terutama untuk sampel dengan tingkat disposisi yang rendah. Disposisi berpikir terbuka-aktif juga terbukti berkorelasi positif moderat dengan dimensi kepribadian openness to experience dan conscientiousness. Selain itu, disposisi tersebut juga terbukti memprediksi prestasi belajar pada mata kuliah yang mengukur kemampuan analisis/evaluasi argumen, serta pada indeks prestasi secara keseluruhan 18 bulan kemudian. Dalam disimpulkan bahwa disposisi berpikir terbuka-aktif merupakan konstruk yang perlu diperhatikan oleh peneliti maupun praktisi pendidikan. Pengembangan skala perlu diarahkan pada penulisan butir-butir yang memiliki tingkat kesulitan lebih tinggi.]]>
<![CDATA[Konflik Pekerjaan dan Keluarga pada Pasangan dengan Peran Ganda ]]>
<![CDATA[Novensia Wongpy]]>;
<![CDATA[Jenny Lukito Setiawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p31-45
<![CDATA[Work-family interface can be viewed from two directions, work-to-family and family-to-work. The imbalance in carrying out two roles in the area of work and family will trigger conflict, which is known as work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. The aim of this study was to compare work and family conflicts in working husbands and wives. The participants were 30 married couples (60 persons) who have one child and work as employees, managers and entrepreneurs. Work-family conflict was measured using a questionnaire that measures the level of conflict in two directions, work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. The result shows that there is no difference in work-to-family conflict between husbands and wives. However, there is difference between work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict with the average of work-to-family conflict is higher than family-to-work conflict for both husbands and wives. The findings indicate that gender difference does not affect the ways in balancing between work and family roles among both husbands and wives.Keywords: Work-family conflict, family-work conflict, dual career coupleAbstrak: Work-Family Interface dapat ditinjau dari dua arah yaitu work-to-family dan family-to-work. Ketidakseimbangan dalam menjalankan dua peran di area pekerjaan dan keluarga akan memicu konflik yang disebut sebagai work-to-family conflict dan family-to-work conflict. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan konflik pekerjaan dan keluarga pada pasangan suami dan istri yang keduanya bekerja. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 pasangan suami istri (60 orang), minimal telah memiliki satu anak dan bekerja sebagai karyawan, manager maupun wiraswasta. Work-family conflict diukur dengan menggunakan angket tertutup yang mengukur level konflik dari dua arah yaitu work-to-family conflict dan family-to-work conflict. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan work-family conflict antara kelompok suami dan kelompok istri. Namun, terdapat perbedaan antara work-to-family conflict dan family-to-work conflict dengan nilai rata-rata work-to-family conflict lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan family-to-work conflict baik pada kelompok suami maupun istri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan gender dalam cara menyeimbangkan peran dalam pekerjaan dan rumah tangga.]]>
<![CDATA[Peran Perfeksionisme Orientasi Diri dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Gaya Pengasuhan Orang Tua terhadap Efikasi Diri Keputusan Karier Siswa ]]>
<![CDATA[Annisa Nurul Utami]]>;
<![CDATA[Puji Lestari Suharso]]>;
<![CDATA[Rose Mini Agoes Salim]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p15-30
<![CDATA[This present study aimed to analyze the role of self-oriented perfectionism in mediating the effect of fathers and mothers parenting styles on Career Decision Self-Efficacy (CDSE) among students in Grade 11 Senior High School. The participants of the study comprised 179 students who were selected through convenience sampling method. This study employed three instruments, namely Career Decision Self-Efficacy Short Form, Parental Authority Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Data were analyzed by Hayess PROCESS Macro. Generally, the results show that fathers permissive parenting and mothers authoritarian parenting have an influence on the degree of CDSE among students which is mediated by self-oriented perfectionism. Moreover, the effect of fathers authoritative parenting predicts CDSE directly without the mediation effect of self-oriented perfectionism, whilst mothers authoritative parenting influences CDSE both directly and indirectly. Therefore, considering the actualization of proper parenting styles is necessary in order to build perfectionism personality which supports students effectiveness in career decision making.Keywords: Career decision self-efficacy, parenting styles, self-oriented perfectionism, studentsAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran perfeksionisme orientasi diri dalam memediasi pengaruh gaya pengasuhan ayah dan ibu terhadap Efikasi Keputusan Diri Keputusan Karir (Career Decision Self-Efficacy/CDSE) siswa kelas XI SMA. Sebanyak 178 partisipan terkumpul melalui teknik convenience sampling dalam pengisian tiga macam skala, yaitu Career Decision Self-Efficacy Short Form, Parental Authority Questionnaire, dan Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale yang sudah dilakukan adaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan PROCESS Macro dari Hayes. Secara umum, hasil uji menemukan bahwa gaya pengasuhan permisif ayah dan gaya pengasuhan otoriter ibu berpengaruh terhadap tingkat CDSE siswa melalui perfeksionisme orientasi diri. Sementara itu, pengaruh dari gaya pengasuhan otoritatif ayah terhadap tingkat CDSE siswa hanya terjadi secara langsung. Adapun pengaruh dari gaya pengasuhan otoritatif ibu terhadap tingkat CDSE siswa dapat terjadi baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung melalui mediasi perfeksionisme orientasi diri. Untuk itu, dengan penerapan gaya pengasuhan yang tepat, perkembangan pribadi perfeksionisme siswa dapat mendukung kenaikan efektivitas keputusan karier masa depan.]]>
<![CDATA[Status Identitas dan Toleransi Beragama pada Remaja ]]>
<![CDATA[Vinaya Untoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Maharani Ardi Putri]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p46-59
<![CDATA[Previous research which found that adolescent tend to involve in radicalism make interesting to find out the relationship between identity status and religious tolerance in adolescence. This research involved 157 participants whose ages ranged from 11 to 24 years. The variable of identity status was conceptualized based on Eriksons exploration and commitment aspects, and was measured using Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). Meanwhile, religious tolerance was measured using a rating scale adapted from van der Walts religious tolerance scale. This study found negative relationship between commitment and religious tolerance, and there is no a relationship between exploration and religious tolerance. From four identity status tested, it is found that most participants are in the category of identity diffusion which means that most participants have no specific commitment and interest in ideology. The result also shows that identity moratorium has the highest mean in religious tolerance, and it is found significantly different with identity achievement and identity foreclosure. Based on the commitment aspect, participants with achievement and foreclosure identity status tend to be religiously intolerance, while those with identity moratorium are found most open to the others worldviews.Keywords: Identity status, religious tolerance, adolescentAbstrak: Adanya survei yang menunjukkan besarnya kecenderungan remaja untuk melakukan tindakan radikalisme melandasi dilakukannya penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara status identitas dan toleransi beragama pada remaja. Responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 157 remaja dengan rentang usia 11-24 tahun, yang dimasukkan dalam 4 kategori status identitas. Status identitas diukur dengan menggunakan dua kriteria utama pembentukan identitas dari Erikson, yaitu exploration dan commitment, serta diukur menggunakan skala Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). Toleransi beragama diukur menggunakan skala toleransi agama yang diadaptasi dari skala yang disusun van der Walt. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan negatif antara dimensi komitmen dengan toleransi beragama, sedangkan dimensi eksplorasi dengan toleransi beragama tidak terbukti berhubungan. Hasil uji terhadap 4 kategori status identitas menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar partisipan berada dalam kategori identitas diffusion yang berarti tidak memiliki komitmen ideologis. Selain itu, identity moratorium memiliki rerata yang paling tinggi dalam toleransi beragama dan berbeda signifikan dengan identity achievement dan identity foreclosure. Berdasarkan pada tingginya dimensi komitmen dan karakteristik masing-masing kategori status identitas, identity achieve-ment dan identity foreclosure merupakan kategori yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk bersikap intoleran, sedangkan identity moratorium masih memiliki keterbukaan terhadap perbedaan agama atau ideologi.]]>
<![CDATA[Pelatihan HERO untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Remaja Panti Asuhan ]]>
<![CDATA[Setyani Alfinuha]]>;
<![CDATA[Bagus H Hadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Frikson Cristian Sinambela]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n1.p60-73
<![CDATA[This study aims to improve the psychological well-being of adolescent orphanages through psychological capital training. The psychological capital aspects provided in this training were hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism (HERO). The material was conveyed using the experiential learning approach with lecturing, audio-visual method, written assignments, discussion, plays, and reflection. The research participants were 20 teenagers from Pelita orphanages (14-18 years) at Surabaya. The design chosen was one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected using The Ryffs Scale of Psychological Well-being and analyzed using paired sample t-test with the help of SPSS 16.0 version. The result shows that there is a significant difference in participants psychological well-being between before and after training was given. This proves that HERO training in this study is able to improve the psychological well-being of adolescent orphanages.Keywords: psychological well-being, psychological capital, teenage orphanages Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis remaja yang tinggal di Panti Asuhan Pelita melalui pelatihan modal psikologis. Aspek modal psikologis yang diberikan pada pelatihan ini yaitu hope, self-efficacy, resilience, dan optimism (HERO). Materi disampaikan menggunakan konsep experiential learning dengan metode lecturing, audio-visual, tugas tertulis, dikusi, permainan, dan refleksi. Partisipan penelitian yaitu 20 remaja (14 18 tahun). Desain yang dipilih adalah one-group pretest-posttest design. Variabel kesejahteraan psikologis diukur menggunakan The Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-being. Analisis data kuantitatif menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan diberikan. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa tingkat kesejahteraan psikologis meningkat setelah diberi pelatihan HERO.]]>
<![CDATA[Parents as Teachers: The Influence of Internal and External Factors on Parenting Style Differences ]]>
<![CDATA[Rose Mini Agoes Salim]]>;
<![CDATA[Shahnaz Safitri]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/jptt.v10n2.p95-104
<![CDATA[Research on the relationship between parents and children consistently shows that parents play a major role in developing the child's personality and skills. The influence of parents on children, among others, took place through parenting style. In the Indonesian context, teachers had also been viewed as an authority whose role was similar to parents in educating children, considering students spent a remarkable amount of time learning together with teachers at school. Based on this reason, this study explored whether the parenting styles adopted by teachers as parents at their homes were related to the parenting styles they applied to students at school. We also examined the extent to which gender and education levels influenced parenting. Using accidental sampling, this study was conducted on 501 teachers from five cities in Indonesia using the Parenting Style Scale. The analysis showed that there was a positive relationship between the teacher's parenting styles at home and school. Furthermore, gender was a significant factor in distinguishing one dimension of parenting style, in contrast to the level of education. Further analysis found that domicile influenced parenting behavior, which indicated the role of culture in parenting practices.Abstrak: Riset terkait hubungan orangtua dan anak secara konsisten menunjukkan bahwa orangtua berperan besar dalam mengembangkan kepribadian dan keterampilan anak. Pengaruh orangtua terhadap anak antara lain berlangsung melalui pola asuh yang diterapkan. Pada konteks Indonesia, guru juga dipandang sebagai pihak otoritas layaknya orangtua untuk mendidik anak, khususnya mengingat siswa menghabiskan waktu yang cukup lama untuk belajar bersama dengan guru di sekolah. Untuk itu, penelitian ini menelusuri apakah pola pengasuhan yang diadopsi oleh guru sebagai orangtua berkaitan dengan pola pengasuhan yang diterapkan pada siswa di sekolah. Lebih lanjut, ditelusuri pula seberapa jauh atribut demografi berupa gender dan tingkat pendidikan mempengaruhi pola asuh. Menggunakan teknik aksidental sampling, penelitian ini dilakukan pada 501 guru dari lima kota di Indonesia menggunakan Skala Pola Asuh dalam bentuk kuesioner cetak. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif antara gaya pengasuhan guru di rumah dan di sekolah. Lebih lanjut, gender menjadi faktor yang signifikan membedakan pola asuh pada salah satu dimensi pengasuhan, sementara tidak demikian dengan tingkat pendidikan. Analisis lanjutan juga menemukan bahwa tempat tinggal memengaruhi perilaku pengasuhan, yang mengindikasikan peran budaya di dalam praktik pengasuhan.Kata kunci: Gaya pengasuhan, guru, keluarga]]>
