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Animal Production : Indonesian Journal of Animal Production
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : 14112027     EISSN : 25415875     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.2.10
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Veterinary
Animal Production is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University in association with the Animal Scientist Society of Indonesia. The journal was established in 1999 and available online since May 4, 2011. Animal Production was initially published twice a year, then three times a year starting in 2005. The journal coverage focused on small scale livestock farming and technologies which includes the recent science development in animal production, including all aspects of nutrition, breeding, reproduction, post-harvest processing and socio-economics. All articles are available online. Full text available in pdf format and can be downloaded for free. Starting Vol 22 No 1 the papers have been and will be published in our new website (http://animalproduction.id), as the continuation of our previous but still active website (http://animalproduction.net).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Hewan dan Zoologi
Articles 606 Documents
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Utilization of Spent Rice Straw Compost to Substitute Napier Grass Fed to Cattle and Its Effect on Rumen Metabolism Products Suwandyastuti, SNO; Bata, M
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 14, No 3 (2012): September
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract. The aim of this research was to find the optimum level of substitution of fresh Napier Grass with Spent Rice Straw Compost (SRSC) on rumen metabolism products. Two male cattle breeds consisted of indigenous cattle (Ongole Crossbred = OC) with average body weight of 78.48±7.69 kg  and Fries Holland Crossbred (FHC) with body weight of 83.93±17.67 kg were kept in individual cages of 1x1.2 m and they were given  four kinds  of Napier Grass subtituted with SRSC of 0, 25, 50 and 75 percent of forage dry matter. Therefore, factorial experiment of 2x4 was used in this research. The dry matter ratio of forage and concentrate was maintained at 50:50% with total dry matter intake 3% of body weight. Total Volatil Fatty Acid (VFA) production were influenced by the breed of cattle and the body weight, but there was no significant effect of breed on the N-NH3.  Both average of VFA (122.92±3.22 mM/l) and N-NH3 (4.14±0.4 mM/l) were still in the optimum range for rumen micoorganisme activities. Regression analysis showed that the digestibility of crude fiber had same pattern with acetate (C2), propionate (C3), butirate (C4), and valerate (C5). It can be concluded that SRSC can be used to substite fresh Napier Grass up to 75 percent of forage dry matter  in the diets of male cattle both OC and FHC. Keywords : Spent compost, Volatile Fatty Acid, Nitrogen Ammonia Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan level optimum susbsitusi rumput gajah dengan kompos jamur merang ditinjau dari produk-produk metabolisme rumen. Dua jenis bangsa sapi berkelamin jantan dari bangsa Peranakan Ongole (PO) dengan rataan berat badan 78,48 ± 7,69 kg dan bangsa sapi Peranakan Fries Holstein (PFH) dengan rataan berat badan 83.93 ± 17,67 kg dipelihara pada kadang individu dengan ukuran 1 x 1.2 m. Sapi-sapi tersebut diberi empat macam  pakan subsitusi rumput gajah dengan kompos jamur merang dengan taraf 0, 25, 50 dan 75%  dari bahan kering rumput. Penelitian ini menggunakan pola faktorial. Imbangan bahan kering hijauan dan konsentrat adalah 50:50% dengan  total konsumsi bahan kering  3% dari bobot hidup sapi. Produksi total VFA dipengaruhi oleh bangsa dan bobot badan sapi, tetapi produksi N-NH3 tidak dipengaruhi oleh baik bangsa, bobot hidup maupun  taraf subsitusi. Rataan VFA (122.92 ± 3.22 mM/l) dan N-NH3 (4.14 ± 0.4 mM/l)  masih dalam kisaran optimum untuk aktivitas mikroorganisme rumen. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa koefisien cerna serat kasar mempunyai pola yang sama dengan produksi asetat, propionate, butirat dan valerat. Kesimpulannya kompos jamur merang dapat menggantikan rumput gajah sampai dengan 75%  dari bahan kering rumput untuk diberikan pada sapi jantan baik bangsa PO maupun PFH.Kata kunci : kompos jamur merang, VFA, Nitrogen Ammonia SNO Suwandyastuti and M Bata/Animal Production 14(3):147-154, September 2012
The Content of Lactic Acid and Lactose of Yoghurt Fermented with Different Number and Percentage Starter Bacteria Prayitno, Prayitno
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 8, No 2 (2006): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

The objective of the research was to study rate of lactose fermentation and production of lactic acid  by  Streptococus  thermophillus and Lactobacillus  bulgaricus. Yoghurt  was  made from  skim milk 10 percent  inoculated  with  Streptococus  thermophillus and  Lactobacillus  bulgaricus different number  and  percentage.  The  research  was conducted  in a completely  randomzed design factorial  pattern  3 x 4.  The  first  factor was  different (R) of  Strepcocus  thermophillus and Lactobacillus  bulgaricus 109 : 109 (1 : 1), 109 : 2x109 (1 : 2)  and 2x109 : 109 (2 : 1), and second factor was  percentage (S)  of starter, with  were  1, 2, 3  and  4 percent.  Each  treatment  has three replicated.  Variabels  measured  ware lactic acid  and  lactose content  of yoghurt after  12 hours  fermented.  Lactic acid content  was determined   by titration  and lactose  content by  spectrofotometry.  Result  showed that number  of Streptococus thermophillus and Lactobacillus  bulgaricus and percentage  of starter, including  ther  interaction, have  very hight  significant  (P<0,01) affect  on  lactic  acid and  lactose  content  of yoghurt.   For  resulted  the yoghurt  with  the best  quality (midle   of  lactic  acid  and  lower lactose content) recommended  to used  Streptococus  thermophillus and  Lactobacillus  bulgaricus 1 : 2 with  4 percent  starter  addition. (Animal Production 8(2): 131-136 (2006) Key Words  : Streptococus thermophillus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, starter, yoghurt, lactic acid, lactose
The Use of Skim Milk and Essential Fatty Acids as an Alternative Method on Improving Yoghurt Nutrition Quality Astuti, TY; Setyawardani, T
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 8, No 1 (2006): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

The objective of the research was to investigate the effects of addition of different levels lemuru seafish oil on skim milk-based yoghurt in order to produce good quality and marketable yoghurt. The experiment consisted of lemuru seafish oil fractination based on its freesing point and the addition of extracted lemuru seafish oil to skim milk-based yoghurt at 0.50%; 1%; 1.50%; 2%.  Yoghurt with 0% lemuru seafish oil was included as a control.  A Completely Randomised Design was employed and each treatment has 5 replicates.  Results showed that: (a) the addition of lemuru seafish oil up to 2% affected lactic acid contents  of yoghurt but still within the normal range, (b) consumers preferred the smell and taste of yoghurt with  2% lemuru  seafish oil; but they  preferred  the texture of  yoghurt  with 0.50% lemuru  seafish oil, (c) the addition of lemuru seafish oil to skim milk-based  yoghurt increased the nutritional quality of the products, especially the amount of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. In order to get an ideal ratio between omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids (4:1), it was recommended to further investigate the use of lemuru seafish oil on milk products and the addition of omega 3 fatty acids from different sources as well as the shelf life of yoghurt with added lemuru seafish oil. (Animal Production 8(1): 16-21 (2006) Key Words : Yoghurt, lemuru seafish oil, essential fatty acids
Influence of Non-fibrous Carbohydrate and Degradable Intake protein and Ruminal Fermentation ,Nutrien Digestion and performance of Local Sheep AR, Efka; Suwandyastuti, SNO; Iriyanti, Ning
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 3, No 2 (2001): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

The objective of current study was to evaluate the impact dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate ( NFC) and ruminally degradable intake protein (DIP) concentration have on ruminal fermentation , nutrient digestion and performance of local sheep. The animal had a mean of  liveweight 19.80 ±1.55 kg. four diets ,arranged in a 2x2 factorial ,were formulated to contain either 40 or 50 % NFC and 50 or 60 % of dietary crude protein as DIP .dietary DM contained 25 % Indonesian field grass and 75 % concentrate. Solvent –extracted or formaldehyd  2 % -treated soybean meal were used to alter DIP and corn or soybean hulls to alter NFC level. Percentage of  energy and NDF digestion was similar ( p<0,01) as DIP level decreased in the diets. The soybean hulls was fermentable and total VFA concentration in the rumen increased ( p<0.01), but N-NH3 concentration was decreased ( p<0.01) as DIP level decreased in the diets. Daily live weight gain ( 146.29±25.84 g) and body composition ( fat, water , protein and mineral) was similar ( p<0.05) among diets. The preponderance ruminal fermentation ,nutrient digestion and performance of local sheeps did not be improved by sincronization of energy and nitrogen release but may more likely be limited by either energy or nitrogen alone. (Animal Production 3(2): 53-61 (2001)Key Word : Carbohydrate, protein, rumen fermentation, nutrients digestion and performance
Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Multinutrient Blocks in Semi-Arid Region of Nigeria Zarah, A I; Mohammed, I D; Abbator, F I
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 16, No 1 (2014): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract.  An investigation was carried out on eleven different multinutrient blocks in the semi-arid region of Nigeria. Three crossbred steers fitted with permanent rumen cannula were used to evaluate the nutritional value of multinutrient blocks using the nylon bag techniques. A randomized design was employed to determine the ruminal degradability of multinutrients and their effect on rumen ecology. Approximately 5 g of the feed sample were weighed into duplicated nylon bags (45 µ pore size) and incubated ruminally at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h-post feeding.  The results showed that the mean values of the ruminal temperature (38.7oC) and pH (6.6) were not different among different incubation. All the multinutrient blocks recorded above 59% DM degradability at 48h period of incubation. The mean values for the potential degradation of the multinutrients were generally high and ranged from 83.2 to 95.8%. It was concluded that inclusion of multinutrients in the diet of ruminants result in a significant improvement in DM degradation in the rumen. Key words: digestibility, in vivo technique, multinutrient, ruminants Abstrak. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap sebelas blok multinutrisi berbeda di wilayah semi-gurun di Nigeria. Tiga sapi peranakan yang diberi pakan dengan “canula”  rumen permanen digunakan untuk mengkaji nilai nutrisi dari blok multinutrien menggunakan teknik kantung nilon. Rancangan acak digunakan untuk menentukan kecernaan ruminal multinutrisi dan pengaruhnya pada ekologi rumen. Kurang lebih 5 g sampel pakan ditimbang pada kantong nilon  duplikasi (ukuran pori-pori 45 µ) dan diinkubasi ruminal pada 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 dan 72 jam setelah pemberian pakan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rataan nilai suhu rumen (38,7oC) dan pH (6.6) tidak berbeda di semua inkubasi. Semua blok multinutrisi tercatat di atas 59% kecernaan BK pada 48 jam inkubasi. Nilai rataan degradasi potensial blok multinutrisi umumnya tinggi dan berkisar antara 83,2 sampai 95,8%. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan multinutrisi pada pakan ruminasia menghasilkan peningkatan signifikan pada kecernaan bahan kering di rumen. Kata kunci: kecernaan, teknik in vivo, multinutrisi, ruminan
Inbreeding and Genetic Trend of Dairy Cattle in Baturraden Dairy Cattle Breeding Centre: A Short Communication Susanto, A; Santosa, SA; Sudewo, ATA
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 12, No 3 (2010): September
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

The success (or failure) of a breeding centre can be assessed through the genetic trend of trait(s) included in the breeding objective and the inbreeding trend.  Through continuous genetic evaluation and structured mating program, positive genetic trend while maintaining inbreeding on the reasonable level will be achieved.  Inbreeding level of a population is an important aspect in animal breeding as this may lead to a deteriorating phenomenon called inbreeding depression.  This information will guide the animal breeder on how the mating system of their animals will be designed.  Inbreeding level of a dairy cow population generally is maintained to be less than 10%.  The trend of additive genetic (breeding value) and inbreeding of dairy cattle population in Baturraden Dairy Cattle Breeding Centre (Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Sapi Perah, BBPTU) was examined.  The pedigree data consisted of 450 animals and 861 records were analyzed.  The study included two traits namely milk yield (MY) and calving interval (CI).  The pedigree data were collected from 1977 to 1990. The breeding value (EBV) of animals was estimated using DMU computer package applying repeatability animal model and the coefficient of inbreeding was computed with SECATEURS.  The study showed zero inbreeding level of the population based on the pedigree available without any single inbred animal.  The population showed no genetic progress over years during the period of 1977-1990 based on linear regression of EBVs on the year of birth.  This indicated that during the period of 1977 and 1990 the genetic improvement program in BBPTU was unsuccessful.  The inbreeding level of zero could mean that the designed mating system was successful.  However, no genetic progress and no inbreeding trend could mean that no selection program has been introduced in the breeding centre. (Animal Production 12(3): 144-149 (2010)Key Words: genetic trend, inbreeding trend, BBPTU Baturraden, dairy cattle
Quality Of Pe Buck Sperm Stored In Different Packaging Pangestu, M; Soenarjo, CH; Siswadi, Rachmawati W; Sugiyatno, Sugiyatno; Tagama, Taswin R; Saleh, Dadang M; Haryati, Haryati; Sutarmo, Sutarmo; Setyawati, SJA
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 1, No 1 (1999): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

AI for cattle has been develop in Indonesia in contrast, AI for small ruminants (sheep and goat) are less developed. Its due to the lack of facilities, processing and packaging during storage. This research aims to compare the effectivity and efficiency of two different packaging technique (test tube and straw). Test tube and 0.25 ml mini straw were tested . Semen was obtained from adult PE buck (3 yr) after collection by using  artificial vagina. The fresh semen was then evaluated and diluted 5 folds with 2.9 percent Na-citrate. Diluted semen then packed in test tube and mini straw, and stored in refrigerator (100C) for 7 days. Observations were done everyday on sperm motility, abnormality and percentage of  live sperm. Observation were made at 370C. Observation on fresh ejaculate showed that semen has 6x 109/ml concentration, 90 percent motility, 8 percent abnormality and  95 percent  live sperm. Five folds dilution reduced sperm concentration to 1.2 x 109/ml, but did not change sperm motility, abnormality and percent of live sperm. Sperm was then packed according  to the treatments. Storage in both packaging did significantly reduce  (P<0.01) sperm motility and percent live sperm, but not for sperm abnormality. All sperm stored in test tube were classified death at day 5 storage. However, sperm in the straw were remain live eventhough the percentages was low. It can be concluded that straw has a better result than test tube. Eventhough sperm motility was extremely low, it remains valuable for cervical insemination. (Animal Production 1(1) : 24-29 (1999).  Key Words : Sperm, PE Buck, Straw, Test Tube
The Effectivity of Fermented Mulberry Leaves with Rumen Liquor as Broiler Feed on Final Body Weight, Dry Matter and Crude Fiber Digestibility, and Metabolic Energy Has, Hamdan; Yunianto, V D; Sukamto, B
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 15, No 3 (2013): September
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

 Abstract.  Objective of this research was to know the effect of fermented mulberry leaves by rumen liquorin boiler’s diet measured from final body weight, dry matter digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, and metabolic energy. One hundred broiler strain CP 707, broiler concentrate, mulberry leaves and other feed stuffs were administered in Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments, namely T0 (control), T1 (10% mulberry leaves), T2 (10% fermented mulberry leaves), T3 (20% mulberry leaves) and T4 (20% fermented mulberry leaves) with 4 replications. Result revealed that the increasing use of mulberry leaves had significantly lowered final body weight, dry matter and fiber digestibility, metabolic energy. Fermentation treatment at 10% level could increase dry matter digestibility, crude fiber and metabolic energy than those of unfermented. This study concluded that the increasing mulberry leaves in broiler feed could reduce feed digestibility, and fermentation by rumen liquor could optimize the use of mulberry leaves as broilers feed. Key words: Mulberry leaves, rumen liquor, broiler, fermentation, digestibility Abstrak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daun murbei yang difermentasi dengan cairan rumen sebagai pakan boiler terhadap bobot badan, kecernaan bahan kering, serat kasar dan energi metabolis. Sebanyak 100 ekor broiler dengan pakan berupa daun murbei, dan bahan pakan lainnya digunakan dalam penelitian dengan rancangan acak lengkap  5 perlakuan yaitu T0 (kontol), T1 (penggunaan 10% daun murbei), T2 (10% daun murbei fermentasi), T3 (20% daun murbei) dan T4 (20% daun murbei fermentasi) serta 4 ulangan. Hasil penelitian adalah peningkatan penggunaan daun murbei berpengaruh nyata menurunkan bobot badan, kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan serat kasar dan energi metabolis pakan. Perlakuan fermentasi pada taraf 10% dapat meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering, serat kasar dan energi metabolis. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan daun murbei dalam pakan broiler dapat menurunkan kecernaan pakan dan fermentasi menggunakan cairan rumen dapat mengoptimalkan penggunaan daun murbei sebagai pakan broiler. Kata kunci: Daun murbei, cairan rumen, broiler, fermentasi, kecernaan
The Effect of Phyto-Lecithin on Preservation and Cryopreservation of Semen: A Review Aku, AS; Sandiah, N; Sadsoeitoeboen, PD; Amin, R; Herdis, Herdis
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 9, No 1 (2007): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Artificial insemination represents one of technologies in livestock reproduction that can be applied to cattle, sheep, goats and other livestock. Application of livestock reproduction technology includes artificial insemination to increase reproductive efficiency. Semen processing is one critical phase in an artificial insemination program. The use of animal origin ingredient for semen extenders, such as egg yolk and milk, presents a risk of microbial contamination, which lead to the search for alternatives. To increase standard of quality, researchers exploits phyto-lesitin for semen extender and the results showed no significant differences in motility, viability, and acrosomal status of spermatozoa with phyto-lesitin extender when compared to tris-egg yolk-containing extenders. (Animal Production 9(1): 49-52 (2007) Key Words : Phyto-Lechitin, preservation, cryopreservation, semen
The Effect of Level Testosteron e Addition in Diluents and Level Dilution on Speed Movement and Abnormality of Kedu Chicken Sperm Susanto, Agus; Wahyuningsih, Rachmawati; Pramono, Edy
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 4, No 2 (2002): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

The research entitled “The Effect of Level Testosterone Addition in Diluents and Level Dilution on Speed Movement and Abnormality of Kedu Chicken Sperm” was conducted in Laboratory of Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, UNSOED, started at August 15th to September 15th , 2001. The aims of  this research were to obtain influences of level testosterone and dilution on speed movement and secondary abnormality kedu chicken sperm and obtain interaction between the treatments. The tapped sperm from nine kedu chickens were used in this research. This Experiment was performed 4 x 3 Factorials with Randomized  Completely Block Design (RCBD) as the basic design. The treatment combinations were level testosterone 0, 300, 600 and 900 μg (t0, t1, t2 and t3) and level of dilution 4, 6 and 8 time (in a row p1, p2 and p3). The tapping period was replicated four times as a group (replicated) with two days interval. The result of this research showed that the interaction between level of testosterone addition and level of dilution gave a non-significant effect to speed movement sperm but significant to abnormality of kedu chicken sperm. The group gave a significant influence (P<0.05) to speed movement sperm and non significant to sperm abnormality. The interaction of level testosterone addition and level dilution of kedu chicken semen (T x P) has a quadratic regression to sperm abnormality with regression comparison is Y = 24.418 – 0.014 X +1.187E – 05 X², with peak point is (543.76: 20.23) of correlation coefficient (r) 0.55 and determination coefficient (R²) as 30.34%. The addition of 600 μg testosterone level with 6 level dilutions was the best to defend sperm abnormality. (Animal Production 4(2): 60-70 (2002) Key Words : Spermatozoa, Kedu Chicken, Testosterone, Dilution, Speed Movement and Abnormality

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