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SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 14123606     EISSN : 23561424     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 140 Documents
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Effect of biochar on microbial population in heavy metal contaminated soil for 23 years Sri Yusnaini; Erninda Octalyani; Suskandini Ratih Dirmawati; Abdul Kadir Salam; Iin Purwati Handayani
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.93984

Abstract

Soil microbial populations and activities have been repeatedly reported to be severely affected by high concentrations of heavy metals. However, little of this information comes from tropical soil. The fungal and bacterial populations in tropical soils contaminated with heavy metals were observed in a laboratory study. Soils that have been amended once with different rates of heavy-metal-containing waste (0-60 Mg ha-1) in 1998 (23 years ago) were used in this study. We then treated the contaminated soils with different rates of biochar (0-10 Mg ha-1). Biochar is known to significantly reduce heavy metal contaminants through various immobilization reactions. The soil-biochar mixtures were allowed to equilibrate at the soil field water capacity, maintained by a common water reservoir beneath the soil-biochar mixtures, for 4 weeks. After this period, the soil fungal and bacterial populations were counted. The results of the present study showed that high soil levels of Cu and Zn significantly enhanced the fungal population. In contrast, the bacterial population was not affected by the presence of Cu and Zn. In the highly contaminated pots, the addition of biochar significantly enhanced the population of soil fungi (identified as Aspergillus sp.), but it did not affect the population of bacteria. The results of the study suggest that biochar application led to significant enhancement of the population of Aspergillus sp. in pots with high soil Cu and Zn levels, most likely through improved habitat conditions provided by biochar’s porous structure, which could be leveraged in bioremediation efforts for heavy metal-contaminated soils.
Assessing the synergistic effects of inorganic, organic, and biofertilizers on rhizosphere properties and yield of maize Lolita Endang Susilowati; Sukartono Sukartono; Muhammad Firman Akbar; Bambang Hari Kusumo; Ahmad Suriadi; Amin Setyo Leksono; Fahrudin Fahrudin
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 21, No 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.85373

Abstract

A single and long-term use of inorganic fertilizers harms soil quality. Therefore, it is highly recommended that inorganic fertilizers be combined with other fertilizers. This study explores the synergistic effect of inorganic, organic, and biofertilizers on maize rhizosphere properties and production. Biochar (BC) and compost (OF) were applied as organic sources, a consortium of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) was applied as phosphate biofertilizers, while urea and NPK-PONSKA fertilizers (IF) were used as inorganic fertilizers. A greenhouse experiment was designed as a completely randomized arrangement involving six treatments in triplicate, namely control (only IF), a combination of IF+BC, IF+PSB, IF+BC+PSB, IF+PSB+OF, and IF+BC+OF+PSB. The best changes in soil microbial and chemical properties, maize root dry weight, and production were observed in the IF+BC+OF+PSB combination, followed by IF+OF+PSB, IF+BC+PSB and (IF+BC; IF+PSB) and control treatment, respectively. A fertilizer combination involving the addition of BC (IF+BC, IF+BC+PSB, IF+BC+OF +PSB) significantly increased soil organic C content and soil pH compared to without biochar (IF+PSB and IF+OF+PSB). A higher root dry weight also results in higher maize production. Maize production Increased in the 4, 3, and 2 combinations compared to production in the control by 43.11%, 31.32-36.55%, and 18.57%-21.34%, respectively. In conclusion, the synergy of biochar, compost, and PSB, when integrated with fertilizer, can improve soil quality and the sustainability of maize production. This study will be useful in developing sustainable nutrient management programs to increase crop productivity with high efficiency in using inorganic fertilizers.Barbarslot adalah salah satu situs resmi slot deposit 5000, 5rb dan depo 5k terbaru dengan beragam permainan terbaik tahun 2025.
Metal absorption by pigweed and napier grass in biochar-treated soils Abdul Kadir Salam; Deva Maharani Wirakrama; Kurnia Rahma Dani; Septi Nurul Aini; Hery Novpriansyah; Supriatin Supriatin
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.93463

Abstract

Heavy metal absorption by plants is suggested to be affected by soil treatment with different types of biochar. Due to various types of available biochar materials in the environment, effects of three representative biochar types were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment using polluted soils planted with pigweed (Amaranthus spinosus L.) and napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach). Soil treatments were conducted with biochar of rice (Oryza sativa)-husk, corn (Zea mays)-cob and cassava (Manihot utilissima)-stem at 10 Mg ha-1. Soils and plants were analysed for Cu and Zn after a 4 weeks plant growth. The results showed that Cu and Zn accumulation by pigweed and napier grass were higher in soils polluted with more Cu and Zn. Pigweed in general acted as phytoextractor, accumulated more Cu and Zn in shoots, while napier grass as phyto-stabilizer, accumulated more Cu and Zn in roots. Pigweed accumulated Cu more effective than napier grass while napier grass more effective in Zn accumulation. Unlike rice-husk or corn-cob, cassava-stem biochar increased the soil Cu and Zn concentrations. Rice-husk and corn-cob enhanced but cassava-stem biochar decreased Cu and Zn accumulation by pigweed and napier grass. Rice-husk and corn-cob biochar showed better potential than cassava biochar for soil  Cu and Zn phytoremediation by pigweed and napier grass in heavy-metal polluted tropical soils.
Oxidized alkaline biochar and phosphate solubilizing bacteria mixture enhances direct seeded maize yield in an acid soil Hachib Mohammad Tusar; Md. Kamal Uddin; Shamim Mia; Susilawati Kasim; Samsuri Bin Abd. Wahid; Tomoyuki Makino; Zakaria Solaiman
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 21, No 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v21i2.93130

Abstract

Maize is an important cereal in many developed and developing countries of the world.  One of the primary challenges for maize cultivation is soil acidity. Acidic soil is a major constrain in achieving food security requiring sustainable solutions. Biochar, a pyrogenic carbon-rich material, carries reactive surfaces (i.e., high surface area and variable surface charges). Therefore, it facilitates nutrient retention in soil and gradual release to plants, thereby supporting crop growth. However, the combine effects of functionalized biochar with microbes on phosphorus (P) bioavailability and plant performance remain unclear. This study investigates the application of different oxidized biochars (i.e.,fresh rice husk biochar (RHB), pH adjusted oxidized RHB and control) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and control) on soil properties including phosphorus dynamics and the performance of maize grown in an acid soil.  Biochar was oxidized using 10% hydrogen peroxide while the pH was adjusted to 8.5. Maize was grown in pots having 20 kg of soil or soil-biochar mixture. Overall, biochar and microbes treatments increased soil phosphorus bioavailability and maize yield with a greater effects in the oxidized biochar giving a significant biochar × microbes interactions. Specifically, oxidized biochar when applied with Pseudomonas aeruginosa  increased P availability by 380 % which then contributed to yield increment (291%). We also observed a significant reduction in available aluminum (Al) concentration (40% ) compare to the control. These improvement in yield might have occurred due to an increase soil pH, P bioavailability (r2= 0.74), and a reduction in Al toxicity (r2= 0.36).Findings of this study could have significant implications for crop production in acidic soil.
Identification of sowing window and sown area of maize and sorghum in rice fallows using multi-source satellite remote sensing Sunil Kumar Medida; Prasuna Rani Podila; Geetha Sireesha; K. Anny Mrudhula; Ponnurangam Gramani Ganesan
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.106458

Abstract

Identifying the start of sowing in rice fallows is challenging due to its typical low land agro-ecosystem. Tracking the spatio-temporal shifts that take place during the transition from a wet to dry ecosystem, identifying crops, assessing their extent, and identifying optimal planting periods are vital information for researchers and planners. This study aimed at determining the crop sown area and sowing window of maize and sorghum crops planted in rice fallows during the Rabi 2020-2021 season in the Krishna Western delta of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. Optical cloud-free satellite images of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 were downloaded and using band ratios NDVI and NDWI was derived. A Threshold based algorithm was developed to detect the crop sowing window. The total area sown was determined using the SVM algorithm. The threshold-based algorithm is well-suited for identifying the sowing windows. The sowing window in the second fortnight of January had the largest area for both crops compared to other sowing windows. The detected sowing windows exhibited a deviation of up to two satellite acquisition intervals. The estimated area using SVM algorithm for maize and sorghum was 29,518 ha and 65,417 ha, respectively. The threshold-based algorithm overestimated the maize and sorghum crops as compared to SVM. This study established the superior performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for crop classification. Statistical validation confirmed that the SVM model achieved significantly higher accuracy in distinguishing both maize and sorghum from other land covers compared to the threshold-based algorithm, which exhibited a greater tendency for misclassification.
Remediation of amoxicillin-contaminated water using zeolite from coal bottom ash Galuh Yuliani; Nedya Tresna Dwi Hidayah; Maryono Maryono; Budiman Anwar; Mamun Mollah; Jessica Veronica; Agus Setiabudi
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.93672

Abstract

The contamination of antibiotics in water bodies has increased significantly in recent years. Various treatments, including adsorption, have been sought, but most include expensive sorbent material with low efficiency. This research reported an alternative sorbent material; synthetic zeolite derived from coal-burning waste. Coal bottom ash was converted to zeolite via a hydrothermal technique using various concentrations of NaOH and relatively low-temperature conditions. X-ray diffractogram confirms the formation of ZSM-23 when a 1:2 coal-to-zeolite ratio was used at 95°C. The FTIR spectra also highlighted the characteristics of zeolite functional groups, such as the Si−O vibration at 999.56 cm-1 and the Al−O vibration at 799.48 cm-1. The needle-like morphology of ZSM-23 was observed during SEM-EDS analysis. When calculated using BET analysis, the synthetic zeolite also exhibited a high surface area of 433.517 m2 g-1. Upon application in a batch experiment, the maximum adsorption capacity of the zeolite for amoxicillin (AMX) adsorption in aqueous solution was found to be 673.5 mg g-1. The adsorption data fitted the Langmuir isotherm better than the Freundlich one, with a correlation factor of 0.9328. This suggested the monolayer interaction, possibly between the negatively charged zeolite surface and the NH3+ group from AMX. However, the physical adsorption mechanism with the zeolite surface may also occur due to the high surface area. Considering the low production cost, this zeolite offers high economic value as an alternative sorbent for removing antibiotics in water effluent.
Spatial-based analysis for risk erosion hazard in Jordan Doaa Abuhamoor; Lubna AlMahasneh; Abdel Razzaq Al Tawaha
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i1.94989

Abstract

Soil erosion is a critical environmental issue in Jordan, particularly due to the country’s fragile ecosystems, steep slopes, and varying climatic conditions. It poses significant threats to agricultural productivity, natural resource conservation, and land sustainability. This study aims to provide a detailed spatial assessment of soil erosion risk across Jordan and identify erosion-prone zones to support informed decision-making in land management. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, was employed to estimate soil loss and map erosion severity. The model incorporated essential factors including rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, vegetation cover, and conservation practices. Erosion rates were categorized into three classes: low (0–10 tons ha-1 year-1), moderate (10–50 tons ha-1 year-1), and high (>50 tons ha-1 year-1). Results revealed that 94% of Jordan’s land is subject to low erosion risk, 5% to moderate risk, and approximately 1% to high risk. The areas most vulnerable to erosion are located in the northern and central highlands and parts of the Jordan Valley, primarily due to their steep topography and higher precipitation levels. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating RUSLE with GIS to identify critical erosion hotspots and inform targeted soil conservation strategies, contributing to more sustainable land use planning in arid and semi-arid regions like Jordan.
Analysis of rainfall erosivity factor (R) on prediction of erosion yield using USLE and RUSLE Model’s; A case study in Mayang Watershed, Jember Regency, Indonesia Andriyani, Idah; Indarto, Indarto; Soekarno, Siswoyo; Pradana, Masdharul Putra
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 21, No 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.63641

Abstract

The Rainfall erosivity has a relatively high effect on soil erosion, in addition to being very difficult to predict and control. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model are commonly used to predict erosion yield in Indonesia. However, these models have several erosivity formulations that give different results. In this sense, identifying the sensitivity of different erosivity formulations in both models above is important. The aim of this study is to analyze soil erosion yield prediction influenced by the difference in erosivity equation on the same rainfall data used in the models while other parameters used are the same. The monthly rainfall and annual rainfall data were tested using the erosivity formulas. The (1) Bols and (2) Utomo equations were tested using monthly rainfall data, while the (3) Bols and (4) Hurni equations were tested using annual rainfall data. The results show that the prediction of soil erosion yields estimates using monthly rainfall data in both models have no significant differences. On the other hand, soil erosion estimates using annual rainfall data in the models have significant differences, whereas the USLE model estimation results in 63% erosion yield on low classification (0-15 ton ha-1 year-1). Meanwhile, the RUSLE model estimates only 59% erosion yield on low classifications. Another result is that the USLE model estimates lower erosion yield than the RUSLE model when the models use annual rainfall data, which may give significantly different recommendations for soil conservation in Indonesia, especially in reducing erosion yield at the Watershed level.
Enhancing beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) growth using zeolite-based growing media Putri Oktariani; Andhika Septiana Suryaningsih; Dyah Tjahyandari Suryaningtyas
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.100238

Abstract

Electrical conductivity (EC) spikes due to fertilization are harmful to plant. This shows the need for appropriate composition of growing media, such as Zeoponic, consisting of zeolite, cocopeat, and compost, to support plant development. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of zeolite-based growing media and the addition of fertilizer on growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivated in polybags. The experiment was conducted on beans in three different media with a completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial arrangement, with three levels type treatment (zeoponic, media A, and B), and three levels of fertilizer dosage (0 g kg-1, 1 g kg-1, 1.5 g kg-1). The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, beans weight, length, and disease intensity. The results showed that growth and production of beans in zeoponic tended to be higher than in A and B. However, the addition of fertilizer at 1.5 g kg-1 did not significantly affect growth and production of beans. The presence of zeolite caused EC of the growing media to remain low, and nutrients were released slowly to ensure continuous availability to plant. Additionally, the use of zeoponic for cultivating beans in polybags has been shown to reduce the incidence of disease.
Assessing the role of riverbank erosion in reservoir siltation using remote sensing: Case of the Ibn Battouta Dam Imane Zada; Mohamed Chikhaoui; Mustapha Naimi; Oumayma Bassairate; Lacina Coulibaly
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 23, No 1 (2026): June (in Progress)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v23i1.102550

Abstract

In Morocco, research on dam siltation has largely concentrated on upstream watershed erosion, often disregarding reservoir bank erosion. This study aimed to bridge this gap by analyzing the morphological evolution of the banks of the Ibn Battouta Dam, located in the western Rif region, over a 40-year period. Remote sensing and GIS data were used to achieve this goal. Two sets of satellite images were analyzed: Landsat images (1984-2014) and high-resolution Sentinel-2A images (2015-2024). The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) has been applied to extract water surfaces and analyze the shoreline changes. A reference digital elevation model (DEM) was constructed to represent the topography prior to dam construction, enabling a comparison between the theoretical and observed reservoir contours. Bathymetric data collected in 2013 and 2020 were incorporated to enhance the precision of our analysis. The results highlight significant modifications along the banks, primarily caused by erosion and sediment accumulation, with influencing factors including tributary inflows, soil composition, and prevailing winds. Morphological changes were quantified using the S-segment method based on the elevation difference (Δh) and slope angle (α) along the maximum gradient. The findings confirm progressive bank degradation, emphasizing the need to include bank erosion processes in dam siltation assessments.

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