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INDONESIA
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY
Published by Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia
ISSN : 14106175     EISSN : 25278843     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
Bulletin of the Marine Geology is a scientific journal of Marine geoscience that is published periodically, twice a year (June and December). The publication identification could be recognized on the ISSN 1410-6175 (print) and e-ISSN: 2527-8843 (on-line) twice a year (June & December) and it has been accredited by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (Indonesian Institute of Sciences) by Decree Number: 818/E/2015. As an open access journal, thus all content are freely available without any charge to the user. Users are allowed to download, and distribute the full texts of the articles without permission from the publisher.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 180 Documents
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THE APPLICATION OF SEM-EDS FOR THE SURFACE TEXTURE OF FORAMINIFERA: IDENTIFICATION OF EARLY DIAGENESIS OF REWORKED L. DIMIDIATUS WITHIN MODERN COASTAL DEPOSITS Rahmadi Hidayat; Sarju Winardi; Akmaluddin Akmaluddin
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 38, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.38.2.2023.831

Abstract

Sediment recycling has been known to occur within Quaternary coastal barriers of the greater Coorong Coastal Plain, southern Australia. A high degree of reworking of skeletal carbonates from Late Pleistocene deposits (Robe Range) is evident based on the novel application of amino acid dating of the single-foraminifera species Lamellodiscorbis dimidiatus. More importantly, some apparently transparent, well-preserved tests indicate anomalously high extents of amino acid racemization, implying that reworked fossils could not be easily distinguished based on taphonomic signatures such as corrosion. Here, we examine the surface microtexture of this species, constrained with well-preserved specimens, on a modern beach of Canunda, southern Australia, using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The aim is to identify surface features of foraminifera in more detail, capturing signs of early diagenesis associated with weakly consolidated Late Pleistocene coastal barriers. The results reveal that some well-preserved tests show localized blocky calcite cementation, most notably within intraseptal spaces or impact sites. The EDS spectra of cement indicate lower Mg content than unaltered foraminifera surface. This suggests low-Mg calcite precipitation due to meteoric diagenesis experienced by the onshore Late Pleistocene coastal barrier. It implies that these foraminifera shells are reworked fossils originated from older successions and were subsequently redeposited within the present-day beach. SEM-EDS used in this study demonstrates its capability in examining small-scale carbonate diagenesis products beyond the traditional binocular microscope. Thus, this tool is recommended to aid amino acid dating in detecting reworked fossils.
EXPLORING MARINE GEOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY IN MANGGAR WATERS: A PRELUDE TO THE BURGEONING BELITONG GEOPARK F.X. Harkins H. Prabowo; Luli Gustiantini; Marina I. Siti; Fauzi Budi Prasetio; Yuli Yulianah; Catur Purwanto; Yusuf Adam Priohandono; Sonny Mawardi; Godwin Latuputty; Prisca Ayu Wastuwidyarani; Adi C. Sinaga; Swasty Aninda Piranti; Ferry Siboro; Agus Subekti; Sahudin Sahudin
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 38, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.38.2.2023.859

Abstract

A survey on marine geology and oceanography was conducted in Manggar Waters, East Belitung, in order to protect the geological heritage of the newly inaugurated Belitong UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) in 2021. This study is aimed at understanding the characteristics of the seabed, marine sediments, currents, and coastal features in the area. A bathymetrical survey was done using an Echotrac echosounder to measure water depths, and current measurements were taken with an Infinity device. Forty sediment samples were collected and analyzed for their characteristics. The coastal features were examined through direct observation, and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) drone was used to investigate the morphology of small islands. The results showed that the seabed was mainly composed of coarse sediments, such as sand and clayey sand, with some areas containing gravel near Buku Limau Island. The microfauna foraminifera analysis indicated a relatively low diversity, with Operculina and Amphistegina being the dominant species. Two types of beaches were recognized: the northern part, consisting of rocky beaches made of igneous rocks, and the southern part, which has flat beaches made of beach alluvium deposits. Abrasion was found to be dominant in the southern part, particularly at Tambak Beach. The study provides valuable information for the planning and management of marine areas in the Belitong Geopark. It also highlights the importance of preserving and protecting the geological heritage of the region. With this newfound knowledge, stakeholders can make cognizant decisions to ensure the conservation of the Belitong Geopark and its unique geological features.
SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS TO SUPPORT THE REVITALIZATION OF TPPI TUBAN PORT, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA Rachman, Reno Arief; Wibowo, Mardi; Widagdo, Aloysius Bagyo; Rahili, Nurkhalis; Yuniardi, Rizaldi Caesar; Suharyanto, Hamzah Haru Radityo; Hamid, Affandy; Subarkah, Aris; Suranto, Suranto; Khoirunnisa, Hanah
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.1.2024.874

Abstract

TPPI Tuban Port is located in Tuban Regency, East Java. Geologically, the rocks are composed of reef limestone in the Paciran Formation, which is Pliocene–Early Pleistocene. The importance of complying with jetty capacity standards and water conditions in commercial ports is emphasized as the key to maintaining smooth port operations, making port revitalization a necessity. One of the main aspects to consider is the sedimentation problem, closely related to sediment characteristics. A deep understanding of sediment dynamics is essential for designing effective solutions to ensure the sustainability of port operations. This research aims to determine the distribution pattern of bed load characteristics such as water content, specific gravity, gradation, sediment texture, d50 size of sediment grains, and statistical analysis of bed load sediment in the west and rainy seasons, where the influence of sediment from land is very large. so it is hoped that it can support the port revitalization plan. The methods used include taking sediment samples in the field, testing sediment samples in the laboratory, statistical sediment analysis, and descriptive analysis of bed load characteristics using the Gradistat method. Based on the study results, the water content value ranges from 22.446% to 218.289%, and the specific gravity ranges from 2,100 g/m³ to 2.690 g/cm³. Additionally, the grain size varies from 0.080 mm to 0.900 mm, and the average grain size ranges from 261.1 μm to 2657.5 μm. Sediment sorting is dominated by very poorly sorted materials, with statistical analysis indicating a dominance of the very platykurtic type. The lithological type is predominantly sand.
GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF NORTH MADURA OFFSHORE SEDIMENTARY BASIN BASED ON GRAVITY DATA ANALYSIS Restu Ningsih; Imam Setiadi; Muh. Sarkowi; Akroma Hidayatika
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 38, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.38.2.2023.828

Abstract

The area of north Madura offshore is one of the sedimentary basins within the North East Java Basin which has interesting paleogeographical developments. These developments are the result of various sedimentation processes and changes in the depositional environments. The purpose of this study is to identify subsurface geological structures, delineate sedimentary sub-basins, and estimate sediment thickness. For that, we do spectrum analysis, optimum upward continuation filtering, spectral decomposition analysis, 2D forward modeling and 3D inversion of gravity data. The results of the spectral analysis show that the average thickness of sedimentary rocks in the study area is around 3.788 km. From the gravity data analysis, 10 sedimentary sub-basins were delineated, indicating structural patterns of basement high, grabens, and faults. 2D and 3D modeling revealed four layers of stratigraphy, in order from youngest to oldest are Tertiary-Neogene sedimentary rocks with a density value of 2.1 gr/cc, the Tertiary-Neogene sedimentary rocks with a density of 2.3 gr/cc, the Tertiary - Paleogene sedimentary rocks with a density of 2.45 gr/cc, and the basement layer identified as volcanic igneous rock with a density of 2.67 gr/cc.
STUDY OF HEAVY METAL LEAD (PB) CONTENT IN THE CORAL REEF ENVIRONMENT OF PANJANG ISLAND, BANTEN Fauzan, Ahmad Al; Utami, Dwi Amanda; Rachmayani, Rima; Nurhidayati, Ayu Utami
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.1.2024.862

Abstract

Rapid industrial expansion in Banten has triggered a surge in pollution, impacting areas like Panjang Island in Banten Bay. Pollution on Panjang Island stems primarily from industrial operations and shipping activities. This study investigates the distribution of lead (Pb) metal concentrations in Panjang Island's coral reef environment, focusing on sediment and surface water. It also examines how seasonal variations, influenced by ocean currents, affect Pb concentration distribution. Data were gathered using purposive sampling, collecting sediment samples, surface water samples, and oceanographic data. Pb levels in both sediments and surface water underwent analysis at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) laboratory, employing atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Our findings indicate that during the transitional II season, Pb concentrations in sediment ranged from 4.2 to 17 mg/kg, while the westerly season showed Pb concentrations spanning 3.8 to 23.4 mg/kg. Surface water during these seasons exhibited Pb concentrations varying from 0 to 0.03 mg/l. Notably, at several monitoring stations, surface water Pb concentrations exceeded the threshold set by Regulation No. 22 of 2021, suggesting potential harm to the coral reef ecosystem surrounding Panjang Island. Elevated Pb concentrations were observed during the transitional II season in the island's western part and the westerly season in the eastern part. These disparities appear to be influenced by the direction of ocean currents, highlighting their role in shaping Pb distribution in Panjang Island's waters.
GRAVITY MODELING OF SUBSURFACE STRUCTURES AND RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION USING SEISMIC INVERSION IN THE NIAS BASIN Wibowo, Ramadhana; Setiadi, Imam; Firdaus, Yulinar; Rahardiawan, Riza
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.2.2024.890

Abstract

The development of interpretation techniques opens new exploration opportunities in the forearc basins of western Indonesia, such as the Nias Basin which show signs of oil and gas seepage. Gravity and seismic inversion analysis were used to look into the Nias Basin in order to evaluate its subsurface structure, the location of sedimentary sub-basins, and the possible presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs. After filtering the data for the Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA), a residual anomaly was obtained. This allowed for the quantitative interpretation of structures below the surface using 2D gravity forward modelling. Seismic and well data interpretation includes sensitivity analysis, a well-seismic tie, picking horizons, and acoustic impedance (AI) inversion. The residual gravity anomaly reveals eight sub-basin patterns spread out in the Nias Basin with a relative continuity direction of northwest-southeast following the lineaments of basement highs. The subsurface geological model identified four rock formations. From deepest to shallowest, these units are metamorphic bedrock (2.7 g/cc), Lelematua Formation (2.5 g/cc), Gomo Formation (2.4 g/cc), and Gunungsitoli Formation with an overlying alluvium (2.25 g/cc). Interpretation of well and seismic suggests a target zone at a 2,017 – 2,101 meters depth. Using a model-based hard constraint for AI inversion in this zone indicates possible carbonate reservoirs. Based on sensitivity analysis with an interval of 34,000 - 47,000 (ft/s)*(g/cc), an AI cutoff value of more than 34,000 (ft/s)*(g/cc) was obtained. The carbonate is estimated to be a tight carbonate in the limestone of the Gomo Formation.
ZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION FROM BACKSCATTER DATA OF ADCP INSTRUMENT IN WEST SUMATRA WATERS Napitupulu, Gandhi; Farihah, Rizqi Ayu; Manik, Henry Munandar; Larasati, Oktavira Dwi Demia; Napitupulu, Moses; Bernawis, Lamona Irmudyawati; Radjawane, Ivonne Milichristi; Kusmanto, Edi
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.2.2024.871

Abstract

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) conventionally used to monitor ocean current profiles and potentially detect zooplankton distribution remains largely unexplored. Zooplankton are key consumers in the marine food chain, therefore understanding their distribution is critical. This study aims to map the distribution of zooplankton in West Sumatra waters using ADCP backscatter data. Data analyzed encompass ocean current measurements, backscatter, and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles collected from March 1 to 3, 2017. Raw ADCP digital counts were converted into mean volume backscattering strength (MVBS) in dB using sonar equations, proportional to zooplankton biomass. The conversion process involved corrections for sound attenuation due to distance and water absorption, ADCP transducer angle correction, and noise correction. Processing results revealed zooplankton distribution in raw ADCP data ranging from 20 to 160 counts and in MVBS data spanning -140 dB to -40 dB. MVBS values derived from ADCP acoustic signal processing were filtered within the -100 dB to -60 dB range, representing the zooplankton backscatter range. Zooplankton distribution was observed at depths of 0-300 m. Vertical zooplankton distribution was generally high in the 100-200 m layer and decreased at 0-100 m and 200-300 m. This is attributed to the influence of the Equatorial Undercurrent transporting zooplankton biomass from the Indian Ocean to West Sumatra waters at depths of 100-200 m, characterized by high salinity (34.6-35.2 PSU) and cold temperatures (19°-21°C). This study demonstrates the utility of ADCP in observing zooplankton distribution based on their backscatter values and the influence of ocean currents in transporting zooplankton biomass.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES DURING THE LATE MIOCENE TO PLEISTOCENE USING SMALL FORAMINIFERA AND PALYNOMORPHS IN THE KUTAI BASIN, EAST KALIMANTAN Nisa, Firda Aulya; Jurnaliah, Lia; Winantris, Winantris; Nugrahanto, Kuntadi
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.2.2024.855

Abstract

The Kutai Basin is one of the large basins in East Kalimantan which was formed during the Tertiary Period. The sedimentation process in this basin is strongly influenced by sea level changes. This study conducts quantitative analysis using the abundance of small foraminifera and palynomorphs in well “FN O-1” located in the northern part of offshore Kutai Basin. It applies the Planktonic-Benthic Ratio to determine the range of the bathymetric-related environments in the entire depth interval. The aims of this study are to interpret the sequence stratigraphy in the Kutai Basin using small foraminifera and palynomorphs associated with sea level changes. Three sequence stratigraphy phases are identified; TST (Transgressive System Tract), HST (Highstand System Tract), and FSST (Falling Stage System Tract), from the Late Miocene to Pleistocene in an inner to outer neritic environment. The results of the P/B ratio calculation show that wells with a depth of 1,230 feet to 12,180 feet are predominantly located in the inner neritic zone with a ratio percentage less than 20%. The highest abundance of small benthic foraminifera reaching  534 individuals was found at a depth of 1,650 feet within the TST phase. The most abundant planktonic foraminifera (452 individuals) was observed at a depth of 1,350 feet during the TST-HST transition. The FSST revealed the most abundance of mangrove palynomorphs with 100 fossil grains at 11,640 feet and 56 back-mangrove palynomorphs fossils were identified within the TST at 2,340 feet. This study concludes that the abundance of small foraminifera and palynomorphs suggests both marine and terrestrial influences on the basin.
VARIABILITY OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY IN MAKASSAR STRAIT DURING THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM Larasati, Oktavira Dwi Demia; Hendrizan, Marfasran; Rachmayani, Rima; Napitupulu, Gandhi
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.2.2024.882

Abstract

Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which is part of the global thermohaline circulation, is known to play an important role in the heat exchange between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The flow of the ITF is highly complex, it depends on temperature and salinity. This study presents a proxy study from 25,000–18,000 years ago from two sites that are connected by the Indonesian Throughflow in the Makassar Strait. Oceanographic characteristics, including Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) were reconstructed and analyzed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period. A 295 cm marine sediment core coded SO217-18522 (1°24.106'N; 119°04.781'E, water depth 978 m) and SO217-18519 (0°34.329'N; 118°06.859'E, water depth 1658 m) from the SONNE 217 research cruise in 2011 was used as research material. Oxygen isotope  analysis, planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca geochemistry, and radiocarbon dating were used in this study. The SST reconstruction shows that the temperature during the LGM reach the minimum during ~20 ka BP and the SST value was significantly lower by ~2–3 °C compared to the Late Holocene value. The SST also shows significant cooler in marine sediment SO2017-8519 located in the southern site compared to the northern site. Salinity reconstructions during the LGM shows that SSS value was 0.82–1.13 psu higher than in the Holocene. The south–north gradients of SST and SSS in the Makassar Strait were larger over the 23.2–24.2 ka BP (SST gradient by 0.5–1 °C and SSS gradien by 1–1.7 psu) compared to the Late Holocene. The increase in SST and SSS gradients during the ~20 ka BP likely indicates a weakened intensity of the surface ITF relative to conditions during the Late Holocene.
MIOCENE PALEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SANGATTA AREA, EAST KALIMANTAN BASED ON CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND BENTHONIC FORAMINIFERAL ANALYSIS Jambak, Moehammad Ali; Deny, Deny; Rendy, Rendy; Syavitri, Dewi
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.2.2024.869

Abstract

The Kutai Basin is a significant hydrocarbon potential basin with up to 15 km thickness of Tertiary sediments. It is dominated by a complex deltaic system to a marine shelf environment. Thus, it is crucial to understand the facies distribution in the area. This study was carried out to assess, correlate, and reconstruct the paleoceanographic evolution of the basin using lithological and microfossil data obtained from five exploration wells. The lithostratigraphic analysis was used to identify lithological units of each well, while the calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphy was applied to estimate the age and benthic foraminifera was analysed for paleoenvironmental interpretation. The findings reveal that the study region consisted of claystone, siltstone, shale, coal, and sandstone of the Gelingseh and Kelandasan Formation. The age of these lithological units is assigned from the Middle to Late Miocene epoch (NN6-NN11), based on the presence of some nannofossil index fossils such as Catinaster coalitus, Discoaster hamatus, Discoaster quinqueramus, Discoaster calcaris, and Coronocyclus nitescens. Benthic foraminifera assemblages are primarily composed of arenaceous species such as Trochamina spp. and Haplophragmoides spp., indicating a transitional environment, though some species such as Elphidium spp. and several planktonic foraminifera species appeared, which reflect marine influence on the research area. Based on the biofacies analysis; mudflats, tidal flats, delta front, prodelta-marine shelf, and fluvial plain were formed during the Middle to Late Miocene in the studied area.

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