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Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 08532788 EISSN : 25277669 DOI : -

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Articles 283 Documents

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SIMULASI PROSES STERILISASI PADA GUDEG KALENG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC (CFD) Asep Nurhikmat; Bandul Suratmo; Nursigit Bintoro; Suharwadji Suharwadji
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 16, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Telah dilakukan studi penggunaan computational fluid dynamic (CFD) pada proses sterilisasi gudeg kalengan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui phenomena pindah panas konduksi gudeg kalengan selama proses sterilisasi. Bahan gudeg kalengan terdiri dari beberapa komponen penyusun diantaranya gudeg nangka, telur, daging ayam, kacang dan krecek kulit. Setelah ditutup gudeg kaleng disterilkan dengan beberapa variasi suhu (111; 121 dan 131oC) dan beberapa waktu setrilisasi (10; 20 dan 30 menit). Riwayat suhu selama sterilisasi direkam dengan data logger. Simulasi menggunakan program COMSOL versi 4.1. Hasil simulasi didapatkan terjadi sedikit perubahan titik dingin (cold spot) gudeg kalengan karena komposisi gudeg kalengan terdiri dari beberapa macam komponen penyusun dengan sifat fisik bahan yang berbeda-beda. Difusivitas masing-masing penyusun adalah gudeg 1,73E-04 m2/s; daging ayam 9.219E-05 m2/s; kacang tolo 1,98E-04 m2/s; putih telur 2,34E-04 m2/s; dan kuning telur 1,86E-04 m2/s. Perbandingan data observasi dengan data prediksi cukup baik dengan nilai koefisien regresi antara 0,964 sampai 0,998.Kata kunci: Computational fluid dynamic, CFD, Sterilisasi, Pengalengan, Gudeg kaleng.Â Have done studies used of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) in the sterilization process of gudeg canned. The study aims to determine the conduction heat transfer phenomena gudeg canned during the sterilization process. The study used some material namely young jackfruit, eggs, chicken, tolo beans and krecek cowhide. After closed, gudeg canned sterilized with some variation in temperature (111; 121 and 131oC) and some time sterilization (10; 20 and 30 minutes). History temperature during sterilization recorded with the data logger. Simulation studies used COMSOL program version 4.1. The simulation results obtained there was little change point cold spots from gudeg canned caused composition of gudeg canned have different physical properties. Diffusivity of each constituent is gudeg 1,73 E - 04 m2/s; chicken 9.219E - 05 m2/s; tolo beans 1.98 E - 04 m2/s; egg whites 2,34 E - 04 m2/s; and egg yolks 1.86 E - 04 m2/s. Comparison of predictions data with observed data quite well with the regression coefficient 0,964 to 0,998.Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics, CFD, sterilization, canning, canned gudeg

EVALUASI KANDUNGAN THEAFLAVIN DAN THEARUBIGIN PADA TEH KERING PADA KEMASAN Dadan Rohdiana
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 9, No 1-2 (1999)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Theaflavin and thearubigin are important compounds produce by enzymatic oxidation of polyphenol compounds in tea liquor. These compounds influent liquor quality in tea quality, es ecially color annd teste. Among the all Criteria of ea liquor quality value, color and taste.The enzymatic oxidation of polyphenol compounds will continue change theaflavin to thearubigin, so thearubigin content in tea is higher than thaflavin. This research is aimed to evaluated theaflavin and thearubigin content in Indonesian packed tea.Generally tea process manufacturing classified into four groups, i.e: black tea, green tea, jasmine tea and other aroma of tea.Analitical result showed that black tea have higher theaflavin and thearubigin content than green tea and jasmine tea. this case is understandale, because theaflavin and thearubigin is care product polyphenol compounds oxidation, where black tea experienced full of oxidation.

PENENTUAN KADMIUM DALAM PRODUK PERIKANAN DENGAN GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY Willy Cahya Nugraha; Christine Elishian; Rosi Ketrin
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 14, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Penentuan kadmium dalam produk perikanan telah dilakukan menggunakan Graphite Furnace AtomicAbsorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS) dengan magnesium nitrat sebagai matrix modifier, platform atomizationtype A dengan sensitifitas yang tinggi untuk pengukuran kadmium, dan koreksi latar belakang Zeeman. Metodeanalisis telah divalidasi berdasarkan parameter-parameter kimia analitik. Sebanyak 0,5 g sampel produkperikanan didestruksi menggunakan microwave digestion systems dengan menambahkan 5 mL asam nitrat pekatdan 2 mL hidrogen peroksida 30%, kemudian larutan hasil destruksi diencerkan hingga 25 g. Dari larutan inidibuat sederet larutan untuk pengukuran secara adisi standar, dan diukur dengan GF-AAS. Akurasi metodedilakukan dengan menganalisis bahan acuan bersertifikat DORM 3 Fish Protein Certified Reference Materialfor Trace Metals dari National Research Council Canada dengan nilai recovery sebesar 99,9 ± 0,8%. Dari hasilpenelitian ini diperoleh kadar kadmium dan ketidakpastiannya sebesar 0,273 ± 0,025 mg kg-1berdasarkan beratkering.Kata kunci: GF-AAS, Microwave digestion systems, kadmium, validasi metoda

PROSES STERILISASI SARI BUAH TERONG UNGU (Solanum melongena) DENGAN SISTEM OZONISASI Suharyono A. S.; Udin Hasanudin; M. Kurniadi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 13, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

One effort in the preservation of food is processed through a sterilization process using ozonization system with ozone molecule (0). The purpose of this study is to review the process of sterilization of juice eggplant (Solanum melongena) using ozonation systems with a concentration of 0.6 ppm ozone. In this study, eggplant juice made in 6 ratio of water: sugar(1:10%, 1:15%, 1:20%, 2:10%, 2:15%, 2:20%) and sterilize with 0.6 ppm ozone The ozonation time studiedfor (0. 6ppm) 0 min, 2 min, 4 minutes, 6 minutes, 8 min and long storage 0 days, 2 days, 4 days, 6 day. Test parameters obtained included the juice organoleptic test (preference level) and test of vitamin C. The results showed that ozonation can be used as a process of sterilization of juice eggplant, ozonation time with optimal and durable power offruit quality is 4minutes with long storage for 2 days. Response panelists on organoleptic test as a whole eggplant juice between 2.8 (preferred), and 3.13 (preferred). Levels of vitam in C, protein, carbohydrate and total microbial best eggplant juice are 1.35 mg1100mL, 1.1%, 3.43 mg1100mL, 8.36x1 rI cfulmL, respectively.Key words: Eggplant, ozonization, ozone,sterilization.

PENGARUH KONDISI OPERASI TERHADAP KONVERSI LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) PADA PROSES HIDROTERMAL R Sarwono; A S Putra; Y Sudiyani
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 16, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Selulosa merupakan polimer yang dihasilkan oleh makhluk hidup terutama tumbuh-tumbuhan dengan jumlah yang sangat besar, dan sebagian besar menjadi limbah, seperti limbah pertanian, kehutanan dan sampah kota.Limbah tersebutÂ selama ini belum termanfaatkan dengan baik.Â Biasanya dipakai sebagai bahan bakarÂ dengan nilai kalor yang rendah. Penguraian limbah TKKS akan didapatkan bermacam-macam zat kimia yang mempunyai nilai lebih seperti glukosa, Â asam levulinat, erithosaÂ dan bahan bakar cair dan gas. Proses hidrotermal mampu menguraikan limbah TKKSmenjadiÂ molekul kecil sebagai bahan bakar cair dan gas. Hidrotermal menggunakan media air yang berfungsiÂ sebagaipelarut dan reaktan. Peruraian limbah TKKS dipengaruhi oleh kondisi operasi (tekanan, temperatur), jenis katalis, waktu reaksi, pengadukan dan rasio air dan padatan.Reaksi Â yang terjadi pada Â proses hidrotermal meliputi reaksi liquefaction, hydrolisis, dehydration, decarboxylation, condensation, aromatization dan polimerization. Hasil peruraian TKKS berupa padatanbiochar, zat terlarut dalam air, dan gas. Umpan TKKS 1,8% memberi konversi sekitar 63%, sedangkan pada konsentrasi katalis Na2CO3 0,5% memberi konversi yang cukup tinggi sekitar 75%, pada temperatur operasi 400 oC memberi konversi sekitar 73%,Â pada waktu reaksi 3 jam memberi konversi sekitar 70%, sedangkan tekanan awal gas N2 tidak banyak berpengaruh terhadap konversi TKKS.Kata kunci: TKKS, peruraian, konversi, hidrotermal, bahan terlarut air, gas.Cellulose is a polimer that produced in the living thing mainly from plantation with huge in amount, and also the majority from which is left as waste such as agricultural, forestry, food industries and municipal solid waste. Those wastes were not utilized properly yet, commonly used as a fuel with lower calorific value. Degradation of empty fruit bunches (EFB) of palm oil yielded many kind of valuable chemicals such as glucose, levulinic acid,erythrose,Â and liquid fuel and gas. EFB is lignocellulosic waste that can be degraded into smaller molecule that can be used as liquid and gas fuel fraction. Hidrothermal used water as a medium that used as solvent and reactant. EFB degradation is influenced by operation condition such as temperature, pressure, catalyst, reaction time, stirring, and ratio of liquid and solid. The hydrothermal process reaction involved such as liquefaction, hydrolysis, dehydration,decarboxylation, condensation, aromatization, and polymerization. EFB degradation resulted solid as biochar, organic water soluble and gas. EFB concentration of 1.8% resulted 63% conversion, catalyst Na2CO3 0.5% resulted 75%, temperature operation of 400 oC gave 73% conversion, reaction time 3 hours gave 70% conversion, initial pressure of N2 gas was not significantly influence to the EFB conversion.Key word: EFB, degradation, conversion, hydrothermal, water soluble, gas

FERMENTASI SUBSTRAT PADAT BUAH PISANG DAN APLIKASINYA Anny S.; Lindajati T.; Milono p.; Roestamsjah Roestamsjah
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (1991)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

This study is aimed at exploring the posibility of preparing tape pisang by solid substrate fermentation method and applying the results for snack foods preparation. Two varieties of banana i.e. "kepok" (Musa paradisiaca ssp normalis) and "ambon" (Musa paradisiaca ssp sapientum) were used in this experiment. After peeling, steaming and cooling to room temperature the banana was inoculated with yeast, strain Y-8 and Y- 11 isolated from commercial yeast for bread and tape. The incubation was done for 3 days ill bottles of 500 ml capacity at room temperature, under semi-aerobic condition.Ln this experiment effect of the type of inocula and substrate forms on the quality of tape plsang were . studied Fermentation process was monitored by observing the changes ill total sugar. starch and alcohol content. Results of the study showed that whole "kepok" banana inoculated wiith yeast strain Y-11 produced a good tape pisang with a sweet. slightly sour and alcoholic taste after 2 days of fermentation, containing starch of 14 %, sugar 21.77 %, and 0.05 % alcohol. The "ambon" bananaproduced lB % of alcohol content after two days. the tape has a too soft texture and less attractive appearance. The yeast strain Y-I1 produced better tape plsang than the strain Y-8. 17,e substrate [orm has influenced the sugar content of the tape produced, and the whole form has produced tape with the best texture and appearallce. The results of organoleptic test by panelist all some typical jam and cakes prepared from tape pisang kepok showed satisfactory acceptability.

UJI BANDING METODA PELINDIAN LOGAM KROM CARAROTARY AGITATOR DENGAN ULTRASONIC CLEANER MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN ACUAN TANAH BERSERTIFlKAT Ardeniswan Ardeniswan
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 13, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

A comparative test of leaching procedure of the metal chromium (Cr) were conducted between Rotary Agitator and Ultrasonic Cleaner by using certified soil reference materials (CRM) lot number 118 097 APG having a true value of total chromium concentration of 16.7 ± 0.333 mg/L which is used as an material comparison. The result shown that a average concentration result of chromium leached test using Rotary Agitator is 14,18 ± 0,3407 mg/L, and gave recovery 94,92 %. A while the average concentration result of chromium leached test using Ultrasonic Cleaner is 13,64 ± 0,118 mg/L,and gave recovery 91,68 %. Comparison study between Rotary Agitator and Ultrasonic Cleaner equipments didn't shows any significant difference,where tcomputed< ttabularwhich indicates the null hypothesis (HJ is accepted with value a 95 %.Keyword: Certified Reference Material, leached test, Rotary Agitator, ultrasonic Cleaner

PENGUJIAN STABILITAS SEDIAAN LUKA BAKAR BERBAHAN BAKU AKTIF KITOSAN/EKSTRAK PEGAGAN(CENTELLA ASIATICA) Eriawan Rismana; Idah Rosidah; Olivia Bunga; Prasetyawan Yunianto; Erna Erna
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 17, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

The evaluation of wound-healing formula stability with active substance chitosan/Centella asiatica extract has been examined. The stability test was evaluated including physical, chemical and microbiology properties. The stability of physical property was observed by organoleptic parameters such as shape of gel, color, odor, homogeneity and weight of samples, while the stability of chemical property was studied by determination of pH and HPLC chromatogram profile. Meanwhile the stability of microbiology property was determined by contents by microbe and fungi contaminant. The results of evaluation showed that the wound-healing formula had a good stability for all properties after storage at room temperature for 24 weeks and 40 oC/75 % RH for 12 weeks.Keywords: Wound-healing formula, chitosan, Centella asiatica extract, evaluation, stability

Pembuatan dan Karakteristik Serbuk Piezoelektrik Pb(Zr,Ti)03 tanpa subtitusi dan dengan Nb substitusi Silvester Tursiloadi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 8, No 1-2 (1998)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

The characteristics of chemically prepared piezoelectric PZT and doped PZT with niobium (PNZT) were investigated. PZT 55/45, both unmodified and doped with Nb2O5 were prepared by the hydrolysis of metal alkoxides and solid state reaction from PbO, ZrO, and TiO,. The average particle size was 0.45 um. X-ray diffraction results indicated that transformation of the amorphous precipitate be came well crystallized PZT after heating at 500 °C for 6 hours. DTA results suggested theformation of an intermediate PbTiO3 phase at 490 °C. Using X-ray diffractton can be investigated occurring of both tetragonal and rombohedral ferroelectric PZT phases. That case depends on the initial mixing of chemical composition. The PZT powders which prepared from alkoxides were agglomerated easly at low temperature calcining. Poor sintered bodies will he resulted it was calcinated above 600°C. Powders calcined at 500 °C for 6 hours and sintered at 1200 °C produced high body densities approaching 95% of theoretical density.The experimental results suggest that intimate mixing of constit uents during the hdrolyt ic decomposition produces a homogeneous powder. However, differences in the rate hydrolysis or polymerization of the respective metal alkoxides fend to couse the stoichiometric results difficult to be found.

Degradation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) in Super-Critical Organic Solvents Affecting the Chemicals Distribution of Bio-Oil Rakhman Sarwono; Saepulloh Saepulloh; Brayen Brayen; Andreas Andreas; Yeyen Maryani
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 19, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene and hexane) to produce bio-oil were comparatively investigated. Experiments were carried out in an autoclave at different temperature of 300, 350 and 400 oC with a fixed solid/liquid ratio of 4 gram in 50 mL solvent, without catalysts and reaction time of 5 hours. The liquid products were analyzed using GCMS to determine the chemical composition. Result showed that the chemical compositions were greatly affected by the solvent types. Each solvent has a major component in bio-oil products. The major compounds resulted from methanol and ethanol solvent were ketones/others. The major compounds resulted from toluene and hexane solvents were organic acid, which favoured high temperature. Meanwhile, esters and organic acid were the major products from acetone solvents. Temperature operation resulted more variations in the chemical composition and the percentages of the bio-oil.

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