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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,981 Documents

89 90 91 92 93

Synthesis and Characterization of Cu-Doped Zirconium Titanate as A Potential Visible-Light Responsive Photocatalyst Katarina Rachma Andita; Rian Kurniawan; Akhmad Syoufian
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis and characterization of Cu-doped zirconium titanateas a potential visible-light responsive photocatalyst had been conducted. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) was used as a precursor of Ti source, reacted to ZrO2 powderand CuSO4·5H2O with various Cu concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9% (w/w) by sol-gel method. Zirconium titanate with Cu concentration of 5% was calcined at various temperatures of 500, 700 and 900 °C. All materials were characterized by using XRD, FTIR, SRUV, and SEM-EDX. The characterization proved that the materials were potential as a model of visible-light responsive photocatalyst. Composite with optimum bandgap energy (Eg) was obtained at 5% Cu content after 500 °C with an absorption edge wavelength of 431.93 nm and the bandgap of 2.87 eV.

Effect of Immobilization Method on the Growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Fatty Acid Profile for Biodiesel Production Nur Hanani Rushan; Nur Hidayah Mat Yasin; Noor Raihana Abu Sepian; Farhan Mohd Said; Nurafifah Izzati Shafei
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The aim of this research is to study the immobilization effect on growth cell of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The comparison of lipid production between immobilized microalgae and free cell culture was also studied and the fatty acid methyl ester for biodiesel production was identified in this research. Four important steps were done in this research which included microalgae cultivation, harvesting method by immobilization, lipid extraction and transesterification of oil. In the immobilization method, the combination of matrix system of sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SA and CMC) gave the highest number of cells of microalgae after the 9th day of the cultivation process. However, the immobilized microalgae matrix system of SA at volumetric ratio of 0.3:1 showed better results for extraction of oil, attaining an oil yield percentage of 46% compared with other matrix systems studied; SA + CA + CMC (43.00%), SA + CA (41.19%), SA + CMC (40.38%) and free cell culture (42.57%). Furthermore, the fatty acids methyl ester profile of the extracted oil showed high potential for biodiesel production. The results proved that the immobilization of microalgae had improved the oil yield and fatty acid composition as compared to the free cell culture, which may have useful application for the biofuel industry.

Docking of New Designed Compounds Derived from 1,6-Dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Toward Quadruple Mutant Plasmodium Dihydrofolate Reductase Imam Siswanto; Harno Dwi Pranowo; Mudasir Mudasir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Resistance to the traditional antifolates is now widespread in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. To find the interaction model of some compounds derived from 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, molecular docking technique was carried out using these compounds ligand and pDHFR as the receptor. Complex ligand and the receptor from Protein Data Bank (PDB ID 1J3K) were chosen as an interaction model between a ligand and its receptor. Each compound was optimized using ab initio methods with 6-311G basis set. Partial charges of ligand were added using AM1-BCC methods. Each ligand was docked to the receptor utilizing Dock6 software. Theoretical prediction based on the binding energy between these compounds as the ligand with pDHFR as receptor resulted in 1 compound, namely 6,6-dimethyl-1-[3-(2-chloro-4,5-dibromophenoxy)propoxy]-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine possessing binding affinity better than that of WR99210 which was known to have good antimalarial activity.

Inhibitive Determination of Hg(II) in Aqueous Solution Using Urease Amperometric Biosensor Dhony Hermanto; Bambang Kuswandi; Dwi Siswanta; Mudasir Mudasir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

An amperometric biosensor for the indirect determination of Hg(II) has been developed based on inhibition of urease (EC 3.5.1.5) immobilized into alginate–chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes membrane. The biosensor response was monitored by following the reduction peak of hydrolyzed urea at around -0.15 V. The amperometric biosensor has a dynamic range 40–90 ppb Hg(II) with limit of detection of 66.45 ppb toward Hg(II) ions, repeatability (CV) value of 0.86% and only Ag(I) as the main potential interference. The sensor shows a stable and reproducible response for more than 2 weeks when it stored dry at 4 °C. The analytical results of Hg(II)-spiked water sample showed a good agreement with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry method, suggesting that the developed method may be applied in the determination of Hg(II) in the water samples.

Extraction of Phytosterol Concentration in Different Legume Pods by Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation Noormazlinah Noormazlinah; Norlaili Hashim; Abdurahman Hamid Nour; Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim; Maria Pilar Almajano; Nurul Bahirah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The traditional ways in the extraction of bioactive compounds using conventional methods are disadvantageous from both economic and environmental perspectives. In this, the potential of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation conditions for extraction of phytosterol from legume pods was investigated. Salkowski test performed on the legume pod has shown the reddish brown in all sample which confirmed the presence of phytosterol qualitatively. Liebermann-Burchard procedure and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) apparatus were used to study the concentration of phytosterol at different extraction parameters which are temperature (25–80 °C), solvent concentration (50–100% v/v), irradiation time (1–10 min) and microwave power (400–800 W). The optimal conditions for highest yield of extract (0.219 mg/L) were obtained at a microwave power of 600 W, the irradiation time of 6 min, and ethanol concentration of 75% v/v. Results obtained in this study have shown the capability of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation in the extraction of phytosterol from legume pod. Further works are nevertheless required to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved to facilitate the development of an optimum system applicable to the industry.

The Potentials of an Integrated Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (IUMAS) in Treating Sugar Cane Wastewater Abdurahman Hamid Nour; Yasmeen Hafiz Zaki; Hybat Salih Mohamed; Hesham Hussein Rassem
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Excess levels of organic and inorganic matters in the discharge from sugarcane mill effluent (SCME) wastewater, causes the earnest environmental issue. In this study, a single unit integrated ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system (IUMAS) has been investigated for industrial sugarcane wastewater treatment. As the “Membrane-fouling” is one of the main constraints of IUMAS which eventually reduce the processing ability. In the present study, most researchers resort to cost reduction. IUMAS was alternatively applied as an economical approach for SCME wastewater treatment. The application of “Multiple-analysis” methods (COD, BOD, TSS) and three kinetic models during the treatment, suggested the specific range of organic loading rate to produce biogas. The result showed the increased methane gas production up to 80% in the biogas, with 94 -96% of COD removal efficiency from the SCME wastewater. Results concluded the effective efficiency of IUMAS to reduce the membrane fouling and treatment of SCME wastewater as well as enhanced production of methane gas.

Statistical Modelling of Ultrasonic-Aided Extraction of Elaeis guineensis Leaves for Better-Quality Yield and Total Phenolic Content Nissha Bharrathi Romes; Mariani Abdul Hamid; Siti Ernieyanti Hashim; Roswanira Abdul Wahab
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The present study highlighted the statistical modeling of an ultrasonic-aided extraction (UAE) of Elaeis guineensis leaves extract for maximal extraction yield (EY) and total phenolic content (TPC). A Box-Behnken design investigated the effects of ethanol concentration (X1: 0−100%), extraction time (X2: 5−55 min), the solvent-to-solid ratio (X3: 15:1−35:1 mL/g) and sonification amplitude (X4: 20−100 %). Under optimized conditions, the highest EY of 14.38% was attained using 50% (v/v) ethanol:water ratio, 55 min, 35 mL/g solvent-to-solid ratio, 60% sonication amplitude, whereas maximum TPC was 209.70 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g [50% (v/v) ethanol:water ratio, 30 min, 25 mL/g solvent-to-solid ratio, 60% sonication amplitude]. Second-order polynomial models of EY and TPC showed the R2 value corresponding to 0.9303 and 0.9500, respectively, indicating their significance (p < 0.05) to predict the responses. HPLC chromatograms revealed gallic acid and catechin were present in the UAE extracts. UAE technique afforded better EY (14.38%) and TPC (209.70 mg GAE/g) than maceration (3.73%, 85.23 mg GAE/g) and Soxhlet (6.86%, 102.13 mg GAE/g) extractions, as based on scanning electron micrographs of untreated, UAE, macerated and Soxhlet treated samples. Cell walls of ultrasonic-treated E. guineensis leaves were visibly disrupted to facilitate the higher release of bioactive plant materials, thus justifying the higher EY and TPC. The application of ultrasound appeared to remarkably increase the extraction efficiency of E. guineensis leaves to extract as compared to the conventional methods.

Synthesis and Application of Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 Nanocomposite as Photocatalyst in CO2 Indirect Reduction to Produce Methanol Yudha Ramanda; Nuryono Nuryono; Eko Sri Kunarti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study focuses on the synthesis and application of a Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposite as a photocatalyst in CO2 indirect reduction. The synthesis was started by preparation of magnetite (Fe3O4) followed by silica (SiO2) coating and titania (TiO2) deposition. Magnetite was prepared by the sono-coprecipitation method, then the coating of SiO2 and deposition of TiO2 were performed by the sol-gel method under ultrasonic irradiation. All the material products were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The final material product was also analyzed by a specular reflectance UV-Visible spectrometer (SR-UV-Vis) and the turbidimetry method. The product of the indirect reduction was analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The XRD diffractograms and FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of Fe3O4, SiO2, and the anatase phase of TiO2. The TEM images revealed the presence of a core-shell nanocomposite with an average diameter of 19.22 ± 1.25 nm. The SR-UV-Vis spectrum was used to determine the band gap energy of the photocatalyst, with the result being 3.22 eV. Turbidimetry aimed to measure the magnetic recoverability of the final material, and the result was that it had better recoverability compared to a non-magnetic photocatalyst composite. The GC chromatogram of the indirect reduction product indicated four majorfractions; the MS spectra showed these to be methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, and CO2. The GC-MS results revealed that CO2 indirect reduction achieved 73.91% conversion of CO2 and 55.01% selective to methanol.

Preparation of Char-Fe3O4 Composites from Polyvinyl Chloride with Hydrothermal and Hydrothermal-Pyrolysis Carbonization Methods as Co(II) Adsorbents Muslem Muslem; Agus Kuncaka; Taffrika Nur Himah; Roto Roto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Char-Fe3O4 Composites have been synthetized through hydrothermal carbonization method and through hydrothermal-pyrolysis carbonization method by using polyvinylchloride as a carbon source. The products were characterized by FTIR, XRD, EDX, and TEM. The products were tested for Co(II) adsorption in water. The ability of Co(II) adsorption was studied for adsorption in different pH of the solution and its adsorption isotherm. Results showed that all products had similar hydrophilic functional groups and aliphatic carbon types. Char-Fe3O4 Composites produced by hydrothermal carbonization method (AFe-H) has more hydrophilic functional groups (C=O and –OH) than Char-Fe3O4 Composites produced by hydrothermal-pyrolysis carbonization method (AFe-P). Iron content was presented and distributed in the form of Fe3O4. Co(II) ion uptakes increased at the basic condition for all of the char-Fe3O4 Composites which were used as adsorbents. High hydrophilic functional groups in hydrothermal product composites (AFe-H) was the key factor contributing to the high adsorption ability with electrostatic interaction to the metal ion. AFe-H had the best Co(II) adsorption ability following the Langmuir isotherm model with its maximum adsorption capacity to be 0.556 mg g–1.

Synthesis of 131I Labeled Quercetin through Oxidation Method Using Chloramine-T for Cancer Radiopharmaceuticals Maula Eka Sriyani; Dian Ayu Utami; Mega Susilo Dwike; Eva Maria Widyasari; Muharram Marzuki; Rizky Juwita Sugiharti; Witri Nuraeni
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Quercetin is one of the flavonoid groups with antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to achieve the labeled compound of 131I-quercetin as a radiotracer for diagnosis and cancer therapy with high labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity. The labeling procedure was conducted by the oxidation reaction using chloramine-T. The effect of pH, reaction time, amount of oxidizing agent and ligand were evaluated in this research. Quercetin was successfully labeled with iodine-131 at pH 11 at room temperature for 10 min mixed in 1000 rpm with the amount of quercetin and chloramine-T is 0.4 and 0.3 mg, respectively. The results demonstrated that the ratio of quercetin/Na131I was 2 × 105. The 131I-quercetin labeling efficiency was 92.03 ± 2.20%, and radiochemical purity of 131I-quercetin was 99.34 ± 0.58%. The results showed that 131I-quercetin could be a radiotracer candidate for diagnosis and cancer therapy.

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