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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 1,981 Documents

91 92 93 94 95

Preparation of Poly-(GMA-EDA-β-CD-co-TMPTMA) Monolith as High Performance Liquid Chromatography Chiral Stationary Phase Column Stevin Carolius Angga; Dias Septiana; Suci Amalia; Warsito Warsito; Elvina Dhiaul Iftitah; Akhmad Sabarudin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

An enantiomer molecule consisted of the chiral atom has different structure conformations, which exhibit different activities as well. Yet, its separation considerably difficult since ordinary separation could not separate both molecules. One of the popular enantioseparations which are often used was using organic polymer monolithic column modified by ethylenediamine-β-cyclodextrin (EDA-β-CD) as the enantioseparations site. The aim of this research was to produce chiral stationary phase column for enantioseparations of (±)-citronellal. It was conducted by preparing monolithic column using monomer glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) as crosslinker, 1-propanol, 1,4-butanediol, and water as pore-forming agents (porogens) in the presence of α,α'-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as radical initiator inside polyetheretherketone (PEEK) tubing. It was then modified with EDA-β-CD synthesized from β-CD. Finally, it was installed as a high-performance liquid chromatography column. The result shows the produced chiral stationary phase column could separate (±)-citronellal at a retention time of 44.76 and 45.71 min.

New Potential Demulsifiers Obtained by Processing Gossypol Resin Nurlybek Shyrynbekuly Otarbaev; Vladimir Mikhailovich Kapustin; Kazim Sadykovich Nadirov; Gulmira Zhankabylovna Bimbetova; Manap Kurmanbekovich Zhantasov; Rashid Kazimovich Nadirov
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Water contained in crude oil, forms so-called water-in-oil emulsions, the presence of which negatively affects the transportation and processing of oil. Demulsifiers are the special mixtures that are used to remove water from emulsions. The present paper is devoted to obtaining the demulsifiers by catalytic acid esterification of fatty acids mixture extracted from gossypol resin with isopropanol. Fourteen mixtures, containing mainly fatty acids and their ethers, were obtained and tested for demulsifying performance by using the bottle test. The relationship of the following values with the demulsibility of final mixtures was determined: the conditions of fatty acids esterification, the content of fatty acids in the demulsifier, the relative solubility number of the demulsifier, the toluene/water dynamic interfacial tension. The following conditions of fatty acids mixture esterification provided 64.8% of water removal at the dosage of 20 ppm of demulsifier: 385 K; 4 h; H2SO4/fatty acids mixture ratio 2.5 wt.%.

Effect of Rice Husk Ash on the Physicochemical Properties of Compost Nur Ezyan Badrul Hisham; Nor Hanuni Ramli
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Recently, the increase in demand for rice has led to the numerous availabilities of rice husks (RH) in Malaysia. RH is being utilized as industrial fuel to generate electricity through incineration process in the boiler. During the incineration process, rice husk ash (RHA) is being produced as the by-product and caused environmental pollution. RHA has the potential of being utilized as organic fertilizer through a composting process to control environmental pollution. Thus, this study investigated the effect of different compositions on the duration of the composting process and physicochemical properties of compost. The raw materials and finished compost were analyzed in terms of elemental composition, pH, water holding capacity, and moisture content. The obtained results showed that addition of 7.5 wt.% of RHA can improve composting process due to the presence of silica which can maintain the moisture content within 50–60% and water holding capacity of compost at the range of 61-73%. The results of this study have clearly shown the potential of the compositing process in treating RHA. However, further studies are required to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in facilitating the development of an optimum treatment system applicable to the industry.

Selective Hierarchical Aluminosilicates for Acetalization Reaction with Propylene Glycol Hartati Hartati; Mardi Santoso; Hadi Nur; Leaw Wai Loon; Hasliza Bahruji; Imroatul Qoniah; Didik Prasetyoko
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Hierarchical micro-mesoporous aluminosilicates nanoparticles were synthesized at different of Si/Al ratios and were directly used as a solid acid catalyst for acetalization reaction with propylene glycol. TEM and N2 adsorption analysis of the resulting aluminosilicates revealed the formation of the hierarchical structure occurs on the Si/Al ratio increases the formation of mesoporous within the structure of aluminosilicate. The aluminosilicates exhibit high selectivity towards acetalization reaction in comparison with the homogeneous PTSA. The presence of mesoporous structures is crucial for increased conversion and selectivity of the reaction which presumably due to the improved diffusion of substrate to reach acid sites.

Stabilization of Silicone Dioxide Nanoparticle Foam in Tertiary Petroleum Production Mohd Zulkifli bin Mohamad Noor; Wong Yi Teng; Sonny Irawan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Nanoparticles have emerged with substantially to the end user and industrial applications. The applications initiated to enhance oil recovery (EOR) and also as alternative solution in increasing the rheological properties of fluids at difference condition. The study aims to evaluate the effects of various surfactant and nanoparticle concentration as well as hydrocarbons on foam stability. Series of static state experiments were conducted to investigate the foam development stability of five different concentrations for surfactant from 0.05 to 0.25 wt.% and nanoparticle from 0 to 1.00 wt.% in the presence of white mineral oil in synthetic brine suspension. By discussing to the Ross-Miles method - half-life capacities (t½), the foam stability of the aqueous foam was expected. Results suggested that the foam stability is increase with the present of nanoparticle. The 0.5 wt.% SiO2 nanoparticles enhanced foam formed the most lasting in the absence of white mineral oil as its t½ in presence of oil is 0.6 times smaller than in the absence of oil. It is concluded that the presence of nanoparticles for surfactant foam stability can be enhanced. The used of nanoparticles can be further study with different type of nanoparticles, only with small amount of nanoparticles used can further stabilize the foam.

Torrefaction of Food Waste as a Potential Biomass Energy Source Rahsya Nur Udzaifa Abdul Rahman; Mazni Ismail; Ruwaida Abdul Rasid; Noor Ida Amalina Ahamad Nordin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Food waste (FW) represents a major component of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Malaysia which causes negative impact due to poor waste management. One of a promising strategy to reduce the FW is to convert the FW to energy sources through thermal pre-treatment process which known as torrefaction. The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement of chemical properties and energy potential of the torrefied FW. The torrefaction of FW was conducted using tubular reactor to evaluate the influence of temperature (220 to 260°C) and residence time (15 to 60 min) on the quality of torrefied FW. The quality of torrefied FW were evaluated using ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, mass yield, energy yield and higher heating value (HHV). From ultimate analysis, the carbon, C was increased, however the hydrogen, H and oxygen, O decreased across the torrefaction temperature and residence time. This lead to the increasing of HHV with the increasing of temperature and time. The HHV of the dried FW was improved from 19.15 to 23.9 MJ/kg after being torrefied at 260°C for 60 min. The HHV indicated that FW has the potential to be utilized as an energy source.

Research on Lemongrass Oil Extraction Technology (Hydrodistillation, Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation) Thien Hien Tran; Duy Chinh Nguyen; Thuong Nhan Nguyen Phu; Van Thi Thanh Ho; Dai Viet Nguyen Vo; Long Giang Bach; Trinh Duy Nguyen
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) is preferred to traditional extraction methods due to shorter extraction time, the inability of volatile components to be damaged or decomposed which in turn improve the efficiency and quality of essential oils. In this research, we investigated the parameters that affect the extraction of lemongrass oil process by MAHD method and compare with those of hydro-distillation (HD) method. Four parameters were identified which are: raw material size, raw material to water ratio, extraction time and microwave power. The results show that the optimum condition for determining the lemongrass essential oil content is 20 mm in the 90 min extraction time with a microwave power of 450 W at raw material to water ratio of 1:3 (g/mL). When compared to the HD method, we found that the yield lemongrass oil of MAHD method is 0.35% on 90 min and the yield of HD method is 0.2% on 360 min. The quality of oil samples at different extraction method was evaluated by determining their chemical constituents through GC-MS. The highest identified component is Citral with 93.28% for MAHD, while the HD was 83.85%. Therefore, MAHD method is highly efficient and shorten the time needed for the extraction of essential oils.

Semirefined Carrageenan (SRC) Film Incorporated with α-Tocopherol and Persicaria minor for Meat Patties Application Khadijah Husna Abd Hamid; Wan Amnin Wan Yahaya; Neenasha Bebe Mohd Nor; Alyaa Syahierra Ghazali; Siti Kholijah Abdul Mudalip; Norashikin Mat Zain; Maria Pilar Almajano; Nurul Aini Mohd Azman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Semirefined carrageenan (SRC) plasticized with glycerol (G) and incorporated with antioxidants of 0.4% (v/v) of α-tocopherol and Persicaria minor (PM) extract was successfully developed. The objective of this study is to analyze the antioxidant effect of active packaging films from semirefined carrageenan incorporated with α-tocopherol and Persicaria minor on meat patties. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of α-tocopherol and PM extract were measured. The effects of α-tocopherol and PM extract incorporated with SRC-based films on meat patties were evaluated using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay, metmyoglobin assay, and pH value for 14 days of storage. The films with 0.4% (v/v) of α-tocopherol and PM extract exhibited a lower lipid oxidation in meat patties compared with that of control (SRC film only, p < 0.05). Also, a brown color development of the meat patties of less than 50% was observed at the end of the 14-day storage. Meanwhile, the pH values for all samples decreased throughout the storage period with the SRC+G+α-tocopherol film showed the highest pH value. Hence, the formulation of SRC film with α-tocopherol or PM extract could be used as an alternative packaging for extending the shelf life of food product with high fat content.

Extraction of Omega-3 Fatty Acid from Jade Perch (Scortum barcoo) Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis Technique Nur Izzati Iberahim; Yee Chee Hann; Zainab Hamzah; Khairunissa Syairah Ahmad Sohaimi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Extraction of omega-3 fatty acid from Jade Perch (Scortum barcoo) using enzymatic hydrolysis techniques are expected to be more economically possible techniques due to the uses of the enzyme with the characteristic of environmentally friendly, reusable and less energy required during large-scale production. Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to study the effect of process parameters such as the concentration of alcalase (0.5–1.5%), temperature (50–70 °C) and pH (6.5–8.5) towards the yield of oil. The findings showed 16.55% of oil yield was extracted from the jade perch under an optimum condition at 50 °C, 6.5 pH with 0.5% of enzyme concentration for 2 h incubation time. The fish oil was then undergone enzymatic concentration of omega-3 FA using lipase from Candida rugosa. The acid value and peroxide value of the fish oil was 71.422 mg KOH/g and 0.799 meq/kg, while the acid and peroxide value of the omega-3 concentrated oil was lower to 49.074 mg KOH/g and 0.399 meq/kg. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of C–H stretch, =C–H stretch and C=O stretch bond justified the existence of lipids as it presents of alkanes, alkene, and carboxylic acids functional group. At the same time, GC-MS analysis showed the fish oil contains higher total PUFA content and omega-3 fatty acid content than omega-3 concentrated oil.

Extraction of Hydroxyapatite from Fish Scales and Its Integration with Rice Husk for Ammonia Removal in Aquaculture Wastewater Sofiah Hamzah; Norhafiza Ilyana Yatim; Maslinda Alias; Asmadi Ali; Nazaitulshila Rasit; Azzam Abuhabib
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Aquaculture plays an important role in providing food and generate high income in many developing countries but the abundance of ammonia discharged from aquaculture wastewater gives the problem to the environment. This study focused on the extraction of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from fish scales and its modification with rice husk to produce bio-adsorbent for ammonia removal from aquaculture wastewater. The comparison has been made for the HAp preparation via microwave irradiation, alkaline heat treatment, and thermal decomposition method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the surface chemistry and crystallinity of HAp, respectively. While the morphology of the HAp was observed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hydroxyapatite extracted via thermal decomposition method shows the best performance about 79% of ammonia removal at 210 min contact time which selected for coating agent of rice husk (RH/HAp) and was successfully removed 84% at 60 min saturation time. The result shows thermal decomposition is the best technique to extract HAp from fish scales and its integration with rice husk exhibited a better performance of bio-adsorbent. The findings of this study provide useful fundamental knowledge and platform for the development and improvement of aquaculture wastewater treatment system in the future.

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