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Jurna lAntropologi Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 1693167X     EISSN : 16936086     DOI : 10.7454
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
ANTROPOLOGI INDONESIA was published to develop and enrich scientific discussion for scholars who put interest on socio-cultural issues in Indonesia. These journals apply peer-reviewed process in selecting high quality article. Editors welcome theoretical or research based article submission. Author’s argument doesn’t need to be in line with editors. The criteria of the submitted article covers the following types of article: first, the article presents the results of an ethnographic/qualitative research in certain topic and is related with ethnic/social groups in Indonesia; second, the article is an elaborated discussion of applied and collaborative research with strong engagement between the author and the collaborator’s subject in implementing intervention program or any other development initiative that put emphasizes on social, political, and cultural issues; third, a theoretical writing that elaborates social and cultural theory linked with the theoretical discourse of anthropology, especially in Indonesia anthropology; last, the article is a critical review of anthropological reference and other ethnography books that must be published at least in the last 3 years.
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Articles 579 Documents
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Pengayaan Pengetahuan Lokal, Pembangunan Pranata Sosial: Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dalam Kemitraan Yunita T. Winarto; Ezra M. Choesin
Antropologi Indonesia No 64 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

For three decades, the management of natural resources has been oriented towards increased production and profit in the national economy or for certain stakeholders, sacrificing conservation and the prosperity of local people. The unavoidable results are the deterioration of natural resources, ecological pollution, and a decline in the people's ways and standards of living. This paper attempts to show that the sustainable management of natural resources can only be achieved if the state surrenders its domination and delegate rights to the local people as active actors. Besides the stories of how rich local knowledge, are some studies point out that local people have limited knowledge of the ecosystem, which carries the implication of weaknesses in natural resource management. Other cases focus on how the social institution (rules, conventions and control mechanisms) needed to overcome the problems of resource management has not been internalized, or has either been marginalized, or substituted by ineffective government institutions. The cases of rice farmers in Lampung and fish farmers in South Sulawesi as illustrated in this paper will show that special attention should be given to the enrichment of local knowledge, along with the creation, establishment and development of social institutions. For the sustainable management of natural resources in this country, it is important to consider the local people's rights of managing resources on their own, and the need for facilitation on the basis of partnership.
Kebijakan Otonomi Daerah: Otonomi Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Sosial Budaya Achmad Fedyani Saifuddin
Antropologi Indonesia No 65 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

It unfortunately reveals that regional autonomy, and so to education autonomy as an integral part of it, as reflected through UU No.22 Tahun 1999 has not touched the very basic of cultural values and process of democracy, one core element it should significantly contain with. Central as well as regional policy makers and politicians, especially, have spent much their time to physical need and financial balancing debates between central and locals and deliberately forget the intrinsic cultural issue of the term, that is democracy as a cultural value formation process. Taking our current national education situation into account this article tries to introduce some cultural principles education autonomy should aim at. Based on holism in cultural approach education autonomy should pay attention seriously to strengthening community support to education.
Transethnic Identity and Urban Cognition in Makassar: Regionalism and the Empowering Potential of Local Knowledge Christoph Antweiler
Antropologi Indonesia No 65 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Tulisan ini membahas situasi etnis yang khas di Sulawesi Selatan. Tradisi pertukaran antaretnis yang sudah lama berlaku, dan konflik terbuka yang relatif jarang terjadi, menjadi fokus kajian tulisan ini. Di lain pihak, secara politis, kota dan daerah sekitarnya baru saja terintegrasi ke dalam negara Indonesia. Karena itu, secara historis Sulawesi Selatan masih terkenal dengan jelas atas kecenderungannya untuk memisahkan diri dari, atau tidak sepenuhnya terintegrasi ke dalam negara Indonesia. Jika konsep dan gagasan otonomi daerah akan sungguh-sungguh diterapkan, Sulawesi Selatan merupakan tempat yang sangat tepat untuk uji coba. Bagian lain dari tulisan ini mengulas metode-metode untuk meningkatkan partisipasi lokal dalam pembangunan. Beberapa metode elicitation yang sederhana, namun dapat diandalkan, digambarkan dengan menggunakan contoh pengetahuan perkotaan dalam konteks pengambilan keputusan mengenai tempat tinggal di Makassar sebagai sebuah kota propinsi yang multietnis. Sebuah metode yang hampir tidak dipergunakan di Indonesia dan dalam program pembangunan, yakni repertory grid technique yang berasal dari Kelly's psychology of personal constructs, digambarkan dengan rinci. Metode tersebut terdiri dari perbandingan triadik yang dikombinasikan dengan prosedur peringkat (ranking procedure) yang menunjukkan suatu pola kognitif dari konstruk mental (a cognitive pattern of mental constructs). Dideskripsikan pula penyesuaian secara teknis dan budaya dari metode dan masalah-masalah praktis yang berkaitan dengan wawancara.
Memberdayakan kembali ‘Kesenian Totua’: Revitalisasi Adat Masyarakat To Lindu di Sulawesi Tengah Gregory L. Acciaioli
Antropologi Indonesia No 65 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

During the new order era local adat was subjected to a process of cultural erosion due to the priorities accorded national integrations, as well as economic, social and development by the Indonesian government. However, the '90s have witnessed a resurgence of concern with adat as a vehicle for the local peoples' identity and as a mechanism for local government and dispute resolution, trends intensified since the beginning of the reformasi era with its relegitimation of discourse of regional autonomy. This essay presents a case study of these processes among Lindu people of Central Sulawesi, focusing upon how they have managed to reinvigorate their adat as a response to two forms of governmental imposition: 1) the encompassment of their land within a national park (i.e. Taman National Lore Lindu); and 2) the plan to construct a hydroelectric project, which would have forced the loss of land to rising water level and resettlement of the local population. The Lindu people have sought there empowerment of their adat by recasting it as a community resource management system that they argue can lead to greater sustainability of local natural resource than any imposed regimen of national park regulations. With assistance of NGOs such as Yayasan Tanah Merdeka, they have also adopted the discourse of 'indigenous people' to defend their continuing right of inhabitation in their homeland in the face of threatened resettlement. This essay explores the cultural politics of masyarakat adat as 'indigenous people' and the invocation of ecologically sound 'indigenous wisdom' as a warrant for resistance to development programs.
Government, Church, and Millenarian Critique in the Imyan Tradition of the Religious Papua Jaap Timer
Antropologi Indonesia No 65 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Dengan mengumpulkan bahan-bahan dari beberapa masyarakat Kepala Burung dalam rangka proyek penelitian di Irian Jaya, tulisan ini mempelajari bagaimana institusi-institusi 'tradisional' bentukan cerita-cerita millenarian dan kemungkinan kehidupan yang mendapat pengaruh 'Barat' dan 'Indonesia' itu diredusir. Perbandingan dari beberapa masyarakat Kepala Burung memperlihatkan pentingnya memperhatikan perubahan makna dari institusi lokal dalam penelitian dan kebijakan-kebijakan di masa mendatang...[...] Tulisan ini menggarisbawahi bagaimana masyarakat di Kepala Burung mempertahankan wilayahnya, meredifinisikan kembali intitusi lama dan kepercayaan-kepercayaan di dunia, yang bukan saja menyebabkan mereka mengalami sesuatu yang membingungkan dan menakutkan, melainkan juga membentuk sesuatu yang membedakan mereka dengan masyarakat lainnya.
Antara Ikan Garopa dan Otonomi Daerah: Politik Manajemen Sumberdaya Laut Dedi Adhuri
Antropologi Indonesia No 65 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

There are two arguments that have led scholars and politicians turning their attention into local autonomy issues concerning current discourse and practice of the political resource management systems in Indonesia. Firstly, it is argued that the authoritarian and centralized political and resource management systems of the New Order regime has led Indonesia to a multi crisis situation. Secondly, one of the main strategies coping with this problem is to give local autonomy to the local government and communities to develop their own ways to organize their political and resource management systems. This article challenges the arguments. Two cases of conflict concerning Grouper fishing business-using a symbolic interactionism approach-the author argues that even in the New Order era, there are some indications that local elites, and even ordinary members of the communities, practiced some sort of local autonomy. The discussed cases show that local elites and communities, with power in their hands, will not always develop an effective, just, and sustainable political and resource management systems.
Menolak Instrumentasi Negara: Ruang Gerak Pesantren dalam Otonomi Daerah Asep Suryana
Antropologi Indonesia No 65 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

The implementation of local government policies during the New Order era has weakened Pesantren as local and Islamic education institution. The weakening is due to, firstly, the instructive position of central government to its local subordinates implying that this later apparatus be the instrument of gaining its target. Secondly, the head of local government as solely powerful figure in local structure has been decisive in many local policies. This local political situation has also implied a centralization of Islamic education policies during the era. The discussed cases of two Pesantren in two different districts in this article reveal that regional autonomy will be presumably strengthening this Islamic education institution.
Islam, Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, dan Masyarakat Sipil Syed Farid Alatas
Antropologi Indonesia No 66 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

This paper provides an outline for the study of the role of the social sciences in the study of the workings of civil society in the context of Indonesian and Malaysian Islam. It begins with a discussion on the concepts of civil society and masyarakat madani, term often mistranslated and misunderstood as civil society. It is through a comparison of the two that the relevance of civil society in terms of its theory and practice to Islam is established. Next, I turn to a discussion of the types of use of the social sciences by the various components of civil society. This is followed by a discussion on the need for an account of the impact of the social sciences on public discourse, policy-makers, legislators and NGOs. To the extent that the social sciences do impact in the above arenas, how we may understand the relevance of Islam in this respect is addressed. I conclude by way of an exposition of the relationship between the concepts of civil society and masyarakat madani in the context of the need for a moral public.
Keyakinan Keagamaan dalam Konflik antarsukubangsa Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 66 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

This article attempts to show that in the bloody conflicts between ethnic groups, individual ethnic patterns that are individually owned become categorical patterns. No longer are individuals the targets for the ethnic groups in conflict, but rather the categories with the attributes of each ethnic group in conflict. Thus, the attack upon categories based upon their characteristic do no take into account the sex, age or social position of the people displaying these characteristic as attributes of their ethnicity. This article also attempts to show that in each bloody ethnic group conflict, religious beliefs may permeate. Ethnic group conflicts can therefore change (or be made to change)into religious conflict between adherents of different beliefs. However, this does not mean that every ethnic conflict will change into a religious conflict. On the one hand, the religious beliefs of actors in an ethnic conflict serve to reinforce ethnicity and the spirit for eradicating the ethnic category that is the enemy. On the other hand, the religious beliefs of actors dominate ethnicity and take over the latter's function in the effort to eradicate the religious categories of the enemy. Thus, ethnic conflict changed into religious conflict. This essay uses cases from early riots in Ambon, the Sambas riot in West Kalimantan, and the case of Dayak-Madura in Central Kalimantan.
Penggunaan dan Penyalahgunaan Kebudayaan di Indonesia: Kebijakan Negara dalam Pemecahan Konflik Etnis Irwan Abdullah
Antropologi Indonesia No 66 (2001): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

The ethnic conflict in Indonesia is a sign of huge problems facing Jakarta and local areas Indonesia, therefore the explanation for its occurrence cannot be produced without examining the central-periphery relations, which involve structural problems in constructing and maintaining power. Ethnicity, for instance, has become political commodity, which is constructed by central powers and made manifest through the concept of SARA (ethnicity, religion, race and inter-group relations). Thus, government tends to find and explain the root of ethnic conflict in ethnic cultural differences itself, whereby differences of ideology and life practices are viewed as the source of conflict. This article attempts to examine ethnic conflict by analyzing three main factors, which are first, the change in the balance of ethnic relations. Second, the imposition of a uniform politics in pluralistic society. Third, a weakening of traditional relationship and the credibility of local elites as a result of government intervention. Based on these three factors, this article concludes that ethnic conflicts are not only matters of ethnic cultural differences, but also are rooted much deeper in systematic mistakes in managing these differences and the conflicts itself ,where culture has been used for government's political interests.

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