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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
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Genetic Variation in Cytochrome b-Hinf1 and -Alu1 Gene Correlated to Body Size in Soang Gourami (Osphronemus goramy) from Single Spawning Agus Nuryanto; Nael Huda Qonita; Hendro Pramono; Kusbiyanto Kusbiyanto; Petrus Hary Tjahja Soedibja
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i2.9301

Abstract

Soang gourami fingerling shows variable body sizes eventhough resulted from single spawning. Differences in body sizes among individuals is assumed to be correlated to their genetic component which can be studied using cytochrome b gene PCR-RFLP marker. This study aimed to determine specific PCR-RFLP marker among different sizes of soang gourami collected from single spawning. Genomic DNA was isolated using Chelex method. Cytochrome b gene were amplified and digested using four restriction enzymes. Specific markers were analyzed descriptivelly based on DNA band pattern appear in agarose gel. The result showed that PCR-RFLP markers of Cytochrome b-HinfI of 315 bp, and 210 bp, and also Cytochrome b-AluI of 334 bp and 189 bp are specific markers for large individuals, whereas small individuals are characterized by having Cytochrome b- HinfI 366 bp, and 159 bp and Cytochrome b-AluI 525 bp fragments. It is observed that genetic variation of Cytochrome b-HinfI and -AluI markers are possitively correlated to body size in soang gourami fingerling. Therefore, both cytochrome b-HinfI and -AluI gene can be reffered as specific markers to differentiate among different sizes of soang gourami strain fingerling from single spawning. This result proved that genetic divergences among individuals can be related with certain quantitative characters, such size related. Therefore our study can contribute on fisheries development, especially by providing new technique for fingerling selection to obtain high quality fingerling and also provide new insight the application of molecular technique in fisheries. 
Proteases from Latex of Euphorbia spp. and Its Application on Milk Clot Formation Fidia Fibriana; Apichat Upaichit
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 2 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i2.3951

Abstract

Crude proteases were extracted from Euphorbiaceae family, i.e. E. milii var imperata, E. trigona, and E. maculata. Among those three crude proteases, the activity of protease from E. trigona was the highest (812.50 U/ml), whereas E. milii and E. maculata crude proteases activity were 298.60 U/ml and 95.80 U/ml, respectively. E. maculata protein concentration was the highest among those three crude enzymes (1.206 mg/ml). The optimum pH and temperature of the enzymes were pH 7.0, pH 6.0, pH 6.5 and 60 °C, 50 °C, and 50 °C, respectively. Crude protease from E. milii var imperata, E. trigona, and E. maculata retained proteolytic activity over a wide range of pH (5.0–9.0) and temperature (up to 65 °C) with casein as substrate. All crude proteases showed milk clotting activity ranged from 0.58 U/ml to 1.01 U/ml. Thus, these crude proteases are potential to be applied in dairy industries. However, further study on enzyme purification and characterization are necessary to obtain high purity of proteases before its application.Protease kasar berhasil diekstrak dari tanaman family Euphorbiaceae, yaitu E. milii var imperata, E. trigona, dan E. maculata. Diantara ketiga protease tersebut, aktivitas protease tertinggi diperoleh dari E. trigona (812,50 U/ml), sedangkan aktivitas protease dari E. milii dan E. maculata adalah 298,60 U/ml dan 95,80 U/ml, berturut-turut. Konsentrasi total protein tertinggi terdapat pada protease kasar E. maculata (1,206 mg/ml). pH dan suhu optimum ketiga enzim tersebut adalah pH 7.0, pH 6.0, pH 6.5 dan suhu 60 °C, 50 °C, and 50 °C, berturut-turut. Protease kasar dari E. milii var imperata, E. trigona, dan E. maculata menunjukkan aktivitas proteolitik pada rentang pH 5.0–9.0 dan rentang suhu sampai 65 °C menggunakan kasein sebagai substrat. Semua protease kasar menunjukkan aktivitas penggumpalan susu dengan rentang dari 0,58 U/ml sampai 1,01 U/ml. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, protease kasar dari ketiga jenis tanaman ini berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan dalam industri olahan susu. Meskipun demikian, studi lanjut mengenai purifikasi dan karakterisasi sangat diperlukan untuk memperoleh protease murni sebelum aplikasi dalam industri makanan, khususnya pada industri olahan susu.
Pests and Diseases Associated with Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) Cultivation at Farmers’ Levels in the Central Region of Benin Amoussatou Bouraïma; Rachidatou Sikirou; Bruno Zocli; Vincent Ezin; Sètondji Alban Paterne Etchiha Afoha; Léopold Simplice Gnancadja; Adolphe Adjanonhoun; Kerstin Hell
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23771

Abstract

Roots and tubers are one of the most important crops that provide food security in West Africa. Thus, Pachyrhisus erosus with its various potentials, is planned to be introduced in Benin to improve the nutritional quality of the population. Prior to that, this study aimed at assessing pests and disease of P. erosus in the agroecological conditions in the central parts of Benin. Conducted at experimental field in Savè during two consecutive years, experiments were laid in a completely randomized block design with 4 replications and three treatments including EC 533 and EC Kew cultivars of P. erosus and cowpea variety named Kpodji-Guèguè. Results showed that the major pests collected from P. erosus namely Ootheca mutabilis, Medythia quaterna, Piezotrachelus varium, Megalurothrips sjostedti and Brevipalpus phoenis were not so far reported in it. Compared to cowpea, pest’s infestation and their damages were lower on P. erosus. Infestation severity on leaves and the percentage of perforated green pods ranged from 0.7% to 3% against 0.8% to 88.9% and from 12.5% to 16% against 57.2% to 64% respectively on P. erosus and cowpea. Cercospora disease caused by Cercospora canescens and yam bean leaf blight caused by an unknown fungus were observed. Cercospora disease affected cowpea and P. erosus while yam bean leaf blight affected only P. erosus. This study provides additional data on pests and diseases associated with P. erosus worldwide and alerts farmers regarding their management.
Diversity, Composition, and Abundance Distribution of Birds in Kariangau Industrial Zone, Balikpapan City, East Borneo Alexander Kurniawan Sariyanto Putera; Yeni Aryati Mulyani; Dyah Perwitasari Farajallah; Stanislav Lhota; Tadeas Toulec
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 3 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i3.14927

Abstract

The Kariangau Industrial Zone extends industry from Balikpapan city in the Central Balikpapan to the coast in Western Balikpapan, forming a part of Balikpapan Bay. Our study aimed to estimate the diversity, species composition, and the abundance distribution of birds at the industrial zone of Balikpapan City. Our study contained six replicates each of boat transects on four rivers, the Somber, Getah, Paka Dua, and Wain rivers during the months of May and June 2017. We calculated the Margalef diversity and Bray–Curtis similarity indices to estimate diversity and species composition, whereas bird abundance distributions were analyzed using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) version 3.12. The Getah river had the highest diversity index (4.846), followed by the Somber (3.988), Wain (3.510), and Paka Dua (3.050) rivers. The Bray–Curtis index revealed high similarity in species composition between the Wain and Paka Dua. Our rarefaction analysis showed that the Wain and Paka Dua rivers were well sampled and had lower species richness, with low differences between the observed and expected species richness, than the Somber and Getah rivers. Fisher Log Series Model also showed abundance distribution being highest at Getah (11.170), and lowest at the Paka Dua Rivers (5.221). This observation may be due to heightened industrial activities and boat traffic on each river. Our study provides a useful baseline for future research on the bird assemblages on Balikpapan Bay.
Analisis Kualitas Fisiko Kimia dan Kadar Logam Berat pada Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) dan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus L.) di Perairan Kaligarang Semarang Nur Kusuma Dewi; Rossi Prabowo; Nana Kariada Trimartuti
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 2 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i2.3106

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kualitas fisiko kimia air sungai Kaligarang dan kandungan logam berat pada ikan mas dan ikan nila yang hidup di sungai tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen lapangan, menggunakan Karamba Jaring Apung.  Parameter fisiko-kimia yang diukur adalah suhu, pH, DO,  alkalinitas, kesadahan, kecerahan dan kecepatan arus serta kandungan logam berat di air sungai, menggunakan metode  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS).  Kadar logam berat Cd, Pb dan Hg juga dianalisis pada ikan mas dan ikan nila Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu, pH, DO, alkalinitas, kesadahan, kecerahan dan kecepatan arus masih berada dalam  kisaran yang layak bagi kehidupan ikan. Kadar Cd, Pb dan Hg di perairan masing-masing adalah sebesar 0,006 mg/L, 0,01 mg/L dan 0,0006 mg/L.  Kadar Cd, Pb dan Hg pada hati ikan nila berturut-turut 0,000407 mg/kg, 0,000812 mg/kg dan 0,000575 mg/kg, sedangkan pada ikan mas 0,000307 mg/kg, 0,000269 mg/kg dan 0,000349 mg/kg. Kesimpulan; air sungai Kaligarang  terkontaminasi logam berat Cd, Pb dan Hg  dan ikan  yang hidup di  sungai tersebut telah  mengakumulasikan ketiga logam berat  tadi.  The aim of this study is to determine the quality of water in Kaligarang based on the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal content in carp and tilapia fish live in the river. This study is a field experiment, by using Karamba floating net; the fish were caught and maintained. The physicochemical parameters of the water measured were temperature, pH, oxygen, alkalinity, hardness and brightness, speed of the flow and content of heavy metals. The heavy metal content was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Levels of heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) were also analyzed in carp and tilapia. The results showed that temperature, pH, oxygen, alkalinity, hardness, brightness and speed of the flow were still within the appropriate range for the life of the fish. Levels of Cd, Pb and Hg in water were amounted to 0.006 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0.0006 mg/L, respectively. Surprisingly, the levels of Cd, Pb and Hg in liver of tilapia were 0.000407 mg/kg, 0.000812 mg/kg and 0.000575 mg/kg, respectively, whereas in carp were 0.000307 mg/kg, 0.000269 mg/kg and 0.000349 mg/kg, respectively. It can be concluded that, Kaligarang River was contaminated with heavy metals Cd, Pb and Hg. This contamination leads to the accumulation of heavy metals in fish that live in the river. 
Selection of Cuculidae to the Hosts Based on the External Characteristics of the Eggs Wahyu Widodo; Priyantini Widiyaningrum
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.9939

Abstract

Most of Cuculidae were known as parasitic birds, and they breed depend on their hosts. The obyective of the study was to know the external characteristics of the eggs of Cuculidae and their hosts which includes several components. e.i. shell color, shape, length, diameter and egg index. Those species of Cuculidae were Cacomantis merulinus lanceolatus, Cacomantis variolus sepulcralis, Surniculus lugubris lugubris and Eudynamys scolopaceus malayanus. There were 117 item of the bird egg reference’s collections in the Ornithology Laboratory, Zoology Division, Research Center for Biology, LIPI, in Cibinong, used as a research materials. Color and form the egg from every sample noted by pursuant to direct eyesight with the eye if possible and assisted with the magnifier, especially at flimsy spots egg’s color. The results shown that egg size of Cuculidae groups are bigger than their host eggs. Generally, the color variation of eggs of Cuculidae and their hosts are white or bluish white and their combination like as brown and greenish. The eggs shape of Cuculidae and host are similar, namely oval with IFO value about 73 - 75%.  The Cuculidae family pays attention to the color, spot pattern and shape of the host’s eggs in choosing the host for their own eggs. Though, there was also a tendency not to recognize the characteristic of the host’s egg. The studies represent an early stage in an attempt to strive the conservation of Cuculidae the bird hosts.
Screening Cellulolytic Bacteria from the Digestive Tract Snail (Achatina fulica) and Test the Ability of Cellulase Activity Wijanarka Wijanarka; Endang Kusdiyantini; Sarjana Parman
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 8, No 3 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i3.7263

Abstract

On the research of enzyme production levels observed cellulase produced by bacteria in the digestive tract of the isolation of the Snail (Achatina fulica). Isolation of bacteria based on the ability of bacteria to grow on CMC media. The purpose of this study was to determine cellulase activity by cellulolytic bacteria. Some bacterial isolates were identified as cellulolytic bacteria, they were KE-B1, KE-B2, KE-B3, KE-B4, KE-B5, and KE-B6. Isolates KE-B6 was the best isolates. Furthermore KE-B6 isolates were grown on media production to determine the pattern of growth and enzyme activity. Measurement of cell growth was conducted by inoculating starter aged 22 hours at CMC production of liquid medium. Cellulase enzyme activity measurements was performed by the DNS method. The results showed that the highest activity by new isolate bacteria KE-B6 and its value of the activity of 0.4539 U/mL, growth rate (µ) 0.377/hour and generation time (g) 1.84 hour. This research expected cellulase of producing bacteria were easy, inexpensive and efficient. This enzyme can be used as an enzyme biolytic once expected to replace expensive commercial enzyme. The biotylic enzyme can be applied to strains improvement (protoplast fusion).How to CiteWijanarka, W., Kusdiyantini, E. Parman, S. (2016). Screening Cellulolytic Bacteria from the Digestive Tract Snail (Achatina fulica) and Test the Ability of Cellulase Activity. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology Biology Education, 8(3), 386-392. 
Biodecolorization of Anthraquinone and Azo Dyes by Newly Isolated Indonesian White-Rot Fungi Kharisma Panji Ramadhan; Sita Heris Anita; Maulida Oktaviani; Fahriya Puspita Sari; Raden Permana Budi Laksana; Oktan Dwi Nurhayat; Dede Heri Yuli Yanto
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 13, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i1.26148

Abstract

Water pollution by dyes represents from dyestuff industry becomes an environmental concern. Finding new isolates capable of decolorizing these dyes is important. The study aimed to assess the new isolates of white-rot fungi (WRF) as decolorizing agent of anthraquinone and azo dyes. Decolorization assay were conducted in Agar plates and liquid medium. During the decolorization, laccase activities produced by the fungal strains were analyzed. Identification of the fungal strains were investigated using molecular DNA analysis. The results showed that isolates M3, H18, and GP1 were able to decolorize anthraquinone and azo dyes in Agar and liquid medium. Based on DNA analysis, isolates M3, H18, and GP1 have the similarity to Trametes sanguinea, Trametes polyzona, and Neofomitella guangxiensis, respectively. Among the fungi, T. polyzona H18 exhibited high decolorization ability (70–90%) to the dyes (100 mg/L) after 96-hours incubation. Laccase activity was fluctuated during the reactions with tendency to increase at the beginning until its peak, then decreased at the end of incubation. This study demonstrated the potential of the new isolates from Indonesia to decolorize anthraquinone and azo dyes. The results of the study can provide an alteranative for bioremediation agents of contaminated water by synthetic dyes.
Phytochemical and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Krangean Fruits Extracts Against HeLa, MCF-7, and HepG2 Cancer Cell Line Yuli Widiyastuti; Ika Yanti Marfuatush Sholikhah; Sari Haryanti
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 11, No 3 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v11i3.18073

Abstract

Krangean [Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.] is one of ancient aromatic plants in Indonesia which is used as traditional medicines such as for carminative, stimulant, stomach ache and expectorant. Otherwise, the anticancer activity of this plant has not been explored extensively. This research aimed to investigate phytochemical content and cytotoxic activity of krangean fruits extract on human cancer cell line in vitro. The research was an in vitro experimental design and the cytotoxic activity was carried out with MMT assay.  The phytochemical compounds were characterized by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). MTT assay was done to observe morphology and viability of HeLa cervical cancer, MCF-7 breast cancer, and HepG2 liver cancer cell line. The results showed that TLC characterization of chloroform and methanolic extracts of Litsea cubeba revealed similar profile, with the major compound found were terpenoid and alkaloid. The MTT assay found that both extracts had strong inhibition on HeLa cell line. Chloroform extract exhibited stronger cytotoxic activities compared to methanol, with the IC50 values of 37.3 and 64.7 μg/mL respectively. While, the both extract have moderate cytotoxic activities to HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell line indicated by IC50value more than 100 mg/mL. The benefit of this study is to provide the scientific information regarding the potency of krangean fruit as herbal natural medicine for cervical cancer therapy.
Effect of Electron-Beam Irradiation on the Growth Profile and Fatty Acid Composition of Botryococcus sp. Windra Yuniarsih; Heli Siti Halimatul; Asri Peni Wulandari
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.14891

Abstract

Botryococcus sp. is an economically important microalgae as it contains carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and a number of phytochemicals. The high concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in this strain also a valuable source for production of biofuel. Mutagenic engineering using irradiation has been known to increase the content of these biomass. The aim of this study is to know the effect of electron-beam irradiation to the growth profile and fatty acid composition of Botryococcus sp. In this study, Botryococcus sp. adjusted an optical density 1.0 after being exposed to different doses of electron-beam irradiation (160 kGy, 240 kGy, and 320 kGy) and induced random mutagenesis for strain improvement was observed based on high energy (1.5 MeV and 2 mA). Several mutants obtained were designated as strain B160, B240, and B320, respectively. The profile growth was significantly different between control (0 kGy) and irradiated microalgae strain. The highest growth is found in B320 mutant. Fatty acid of Botryococcus sp. control produced 7 fatty acids, B160 produced 7 fatty acids, B240 produced 6 fatty acids, whereas B320 produced 9 fatty acids. B320 produced hydrocarbon and phtalic acid as well as fatty acids. Total SFAs and MUFAs of B240 was increased 1.6 times compared to the wild type. The results would give some implications to improve the quality of biodiesel from Botryococcus sp.

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