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METANA

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FUNGSI KURVA BONJEAN PADA PELUNCURAN KAPAL SECARA END LAUNCHING Cahyo, Indro Cahyo
METANA Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Â Abstract To build a ship in "Building Berth" has been completed and then proceed with the launch of the ship. Before the launch of the ship is quite ready, it is better to calculate the ship program launches etc. Launched ship calculations using "Bonjean Curve". Using bonjean curve can calculate the volume of displacement with several designs, they are in equilibrium vessel trim condition. So as to anticipate some of the problems in the slipway. Keywords : Launching and Bonjean Curves Abstrak Membangun sebuah kapal di â€œBuilding Berthâ€jika sudah selesai dan dilakukan proses peluncuran kapal. Sebelum kapal siap diluncurkan,dilakukan perhitunganpeluncuran kapal dll. Perhitungan peluncuran kapal dengan menggunakan â€œBonjean Curveâ€. Penggunaan kurva bonjean utuk menghitung volume displacement dengan beberapa desain, kondisi ini kapal berada pada keseimbangan stabil. Untuk mengantisipasi permasalahan yang timbul pada slipway. Kata kunci : Launching dan Bonjean Curves

PRODUKSI SIRUP GLUKOSE DARI PATI SECARA ENZYMATIK Supriyo, Edy; Kurniawan, Dedy
METANA Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Â Abstract Â In the prodacution of tapioca starch, before the starch being dried, glucose syrup could be produced wih ghigh concentrotion of maltose and glucose using enzymatic processes. Hidrolized tapioca starch using a-amylase enzyme which comes from Aspergilus niger produce concentration of syrup i.e. hanya 42,88 %, while using commercial a-amylase enzymes of NOVO (AMG 3001) the conversuion yiled was 114%. Â Beside the ash content is still high make the syrup colour become cloudy, whilst glucose syrup produced with a-amylase enzymee is very clear. Â Keywords : syrup glucosa, Aspergilus niger, a-amylase, tapioca starch

ASIDOLISIS ENZIMATIK MINYAK IKAN TUNA( THUNNUS THYNNUS) MENJADI PRODUK ASAM LEMAK KAYA OMEGA-3 DENGAN PEMANFAATAN LIPASE GETAH PEPAYA (carica papaya latex) Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih; Isti Pudjihastuti; Heny Kusumayanti
METANA Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

ABSTRACT Incorporation of omega-3 polyunsaturated acids (n-3 PUFA) into Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) fish oil was investigated by using acidolysis enzimatis Process. The product of this modification is expected to be used as an ingredient nutrifition food products, especially in milk and baby food as well as pregnant and lactating The purpose of this study was to optimizing the used of lipased papaya latex (Carica papaya latex) in the product to incorporation fatty acids rich in omega-3.Bioreactor acidolysis enzematik development and Optimization of process the productivity of fatty acids rich in omega-3. Reaction Acidolysis was conducted between tuna (thunnus thynnus) fish oil by microbial lipase (5% of the weight of the substrate mixture) or vegetable lipased (Carica papaya latex) (6-10% by weight subtract mixture) as biocatalist.Acidolysis mixture the bioreactor at 40 o C for (2-6 hours) and the stirring speed of 200 rpm, pH (4.5 to 6.5). to eliminate free fatty acids from the product acidolysis performed neutralization with NaOH The results are expected to show that the lipase papaya latex (Carica papaya latex) can be used as biocatalyst incorporated omega-3 fatty acids in tunaIthunnus thunnyl) fish oil . In this study sought conditions for optimum incorporation rate, ie the use of papaya latex lipase concentration of 8%, the ratio of concentrations of omega-3 fatty acid and palm oil (1:1), pH = 5.5, Optimal time of 4 hours and the temperature (40oC) . The results were analyzed incorporation of omega-3 (EPA and DHA) with GC.EPA generated: 3.57% and DHA = 3.91% Key word:Acidolysis,Tuna fish oil

KEBERADAAN ANILIN DI SUNGAI CITARUM HULU AKIBAT PENGGUNAAN AZO DYES PADA INDUSTRI TEKSTIL Suhendra, Edward; Purwanto, Purwanto; Kardena, Edwan
METANA Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract The dyeing and printing processes in textile industry produces wastewater containing residual dyes. The most widely used textile dyes are azo dyes. The textile industry is one of the main industries in West Java province, where one of the textile industry centers is Majalaya textile industry center. Majalaya textile industry center had begun since the 1910s, where in Majalaya subdistrict located the most textile companies which produced textile wastewater. Textile wastewater which contained azo dyes discharged into the Citarum Hulu River directly or after treatment in the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) owned by the company. One of the product metabolites produced from azo dyes biodegradation by bacteria in anaerobic conditions are various anilines. Several anilines which are persistent, could flow to downstream of Citarum Hulu River. Various anilines, referred to as total anilines, could be analyzed by the colorimetric method using visual spectrophotometer. Total anilines in water samples after biodegradation by anaerobic bacteria was 14.46 mg/l highest. While total aniline in river water samples was 3.58 mg/l highest. And at the downstream of Citarum Hulu River, there was total of aniline 1,825 mg/l highest in the river sediment samples. DO in the river water samples were 4.25 - 7.8 mg/l, while pH of the river water samples were 7.1 - 10.7. The occurence of total aniline in textile wastewater and river water samples in Citarum Hulu River (Majalaya subdistrict) and in river sediments at the downstream of Citarum Hulu indicated biodegradation of azo dyes from textile wastewater by anaerobic bacteria. Key words : Citarum Hulu River, textile wastewater, azo dyes, total aniline

STUDI POTENSI EKONOMI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI TEKSTIL PRINTING SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF (STUDI KASUS: PT. SEKAR BENGAWAN, KARANGANYAR) Badrus Zaman; M. Arief Budihardjo
METANA Vol 4, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract PT. Sekar Bengawan in Karanganyar Regency. Central Java is a printing textile industry which produces 1,25 m3 of kerosene waste per day. Based on technical test, the characteristic of the kerosene waste are as follows, 42,772 MJ/kg of calorific value, 0, 08359 mg/m3 of SO2 emision, and 0,13518 mg/m3 of NO2 emision. The kerosene waste can be used as fuel with the ratio of time length, volume of soot, and weight of soot is 1,72 ; 1,6 ; and 3,1 times bigger than kerosene. Based on exposure assesment of SO2 and of NO2, Hazard index value for adult woman is 0,412; adult man is 0,272 ; child 6-12 years is 0,27;. and child 2-6 years is 0.2725. With hazard index less than one, so kerosene waste will not generate health impact. Based on these data, kerosene waste can be reused and resold to the market. The target market segments are households and street vendors. Kerosene waste which is priced Rp ll75/liters will generate Rp.22.643.437,5 per month of profit compared with Rp.50.625.000 per month of cost if it is treated an hazardous waste treatment. Key word : Waste kerosene, Hazard Index, Reuse, Economic potency

Studi Pengaruh Suhu Dan Ketebalan Irisan Terhadap Kadar Air, Laju Pengeringan Dan Karakteristik Fisik Ubi Kayu Dan Ubi Jalar Yando, Adhit Mardita; Paramita, Vita
METANA Vol 13, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Pengujian kadar air, laju pengeringan dan organoleptik dilakukan terhadap ubi kayu dan ubi jalar menggunakan oven Memmert type UN 110 dengan variabel suhu 70, 90 dan 120 ÂºC serta variabel ketebalan 1 mm, Â 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm dan Â 5 mm. Kadar air ubi kayu terbaik pada suhu 90ÂºC yaitu 54.367% dengan ketebalan 4 mm serta hasil laju pengeringan maksimalnya pada suhu 120 ÂºC yaitu 0.091 gram/menit dengan ketebalan 5 mm. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan semua bahan pada suhu 120 ÂºC mengalami penghitaman namun bahan pada suhu 70 ÂºC dan Â 90 ÂºC dengan tebal 3, 4 dan 5 mm tidak mengalami penghitaman. Sedangkan pada ubi jalar, kadar air terbaik pada suhu 70 ÂºC yaitu 66.397% dengan ketebalan 1 mm serta hasil laju pengeringan maksimalnya pada suhu 120 ÂºC yaitu 0.077 gram/menit dengan ketebalan 5 mm. Hasil uji organoleptik memperlihatkan semua bahan mengalami penghitaman dengan bahan yang paling hitam dialami pada bahan dengan perlakuan suhu 90 ÂºC dengan ketebalan 1 mm. Â Studies Effect Of Temperature And Thickness Of Slices To Water Content, Drying Rate And Physical Characteristic Cassava And Sweet PotatoesÂ Determine of moisture content, drying rate and organoleptic was done on cassava and sweet potatoes using Memmert type 110 UN oven with temperature variable 70, 90 and 120 ÂºC and variable thickness 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm. The best cassava moisture content at 90ÂºC have value 54.367% with a thickness of 4 mm and the maximum drying rate at 120ÂºC have value 0.091 gram/min with a thickness of 5 mm. The result of an organoleptic test shown all the materials at 120 ÂºC had blackening but the material at 70 ÂºC and 90 ÂºC with thickness 3, 4 and 5 mm did not experience blackening. While in sweet potato, the best moisture content at 70 ÂºC have value 66.397% with a thickness of 1 mm and the maximum drying rate at 120 ÂºC have value 0.077 gram/min with a thickness of 5 mm. The result of an organoleptic test showed all the ingredients were blackened with the blackest material experienced by the material with temperature treatment 90 ÂºC with thickness 1 mm.

STUDI AWAL PEMBUATAN ASAM LEMAK SECARA ENZIMATIK DARI BUAH SEGAR KELAPA SAWIT Yulianto, Mohammad Endy; Broto, RTD Wisnu; Pudjihastuti, Isti
METANA Vol 1, No 2 (2004): Desember 2004
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Vegetable oil is one of plantation commodity, having advantages either as food or olechemical. One of the connecting bridges between vegetable oil and oleochemical industry is the conversion of vegetable oil to fatty acid. The supply of fatty acid in indonesia by import. Beside the promising market in global trading indonesia has the superiority in raw material supply for fatty acidÂ production. In indonesia, the most raw materials used for producing fatty acid naturally include crude palm oil (CPO), palm kertnel oil (PKO), and coconut oil (CNO). Fatty acid production by enzymatic from palmfruit can be reduce investation and operation cost. The objective of this research is finding a new way of product fatty acid by direct separation from palm fruit. Â The research is information of process condition in fatty acid production by enzymatic from palm fruit, by quality of fatty acid is used in cosmetics, plastic, tyre, PVC, stabilizer, paint and soap industries. The variables studied in this process include temperature, pH, and water consentration. Yield of fatty acid is analysed for quality and quantity. The quality analysis include water consentration, acid number, iod number and perokside number. The quantity analysis is used titration or chromatografi gas. The research shows that the enzyme lipase action increases by temperature increase, and optimum temperatureof lipase from palm fruit for hydrolysis reaction is 35o C. If used buffer pH of reaction, fatty acid production can be increase. Beside that, water consentration increases by fatty acid production increase to. Keywords : fatty acid, enzyme, palm fruit

Bioplastik Berbasis Galaktomanan Hasil Ekstraski Ampas Kelapa Dengan Campuran Polyvinyl Alkohol Sari, Nofita; Mairisya, Maudy; Kurniasari, Riska; Purnavita, Sari
METANA Vol 15, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum yang meliputi luas permukaan dan jumlah solven pada proses ekstraksi galaktomanan dari ampas kelapa terhadap yield yang dihasilkan dan mendapatkan kondisi optimumpada proses pembuatan bioplastik yang meliputi jumlah sorbitol dan waktu pencampuran terhadap karakteristik bioplastik yang meliputi ketebalan, ketahanan air, kuat tarik, elongasi, waktu degradasi dan morfologi.Bioplastik merupakan plastik yang dapat diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme dalam waktu yang singkat, sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan plastik konvensional.Bioplastik terbuat dari bahan polimer alami seperti pati, selulosa atau lemak.Penelitian pembuatan bioplastik ini berbasis dari galaktomanan ampas kelapa dan PVA. Galaktomanan merupakan polimer alami yang memiliki kemampuan membuat lapisan film.Polyvinyl alkohol (PVA) merupakan polimer sintetik namun memiliki sifat mudah larut dalam air sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan campuran pembuatan bioplastik. PVA juga mampu meningkatkan elastisitas dan kuat tarik bioplastik. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bioplastik dengan ketebalan terbaik 0,18 mm dan prosentase ketahanan air tertinggi 74,76%. Tensile strength bioplastik terbaik dengan nilai 7,55 MPa, sedangkan prosentase elongation terbaik 46,81%. Bioplastik pada penelitian ini memiliki titik leleh (MP) 120Â°C dan terdegradasi sempurna dalam 24 jam.Â This study aims to obtain optimum conditions which are including surface area and amount of solvent in the galactomannan extraction process from coconut pulp to the produced yield and obtaining the optimum conditions in the bioplastic manufacturing process which are included the amount of sorbitol and mixing time of the bioplastic characteristics including thickness, water resistance, tensile strength, elongation, degradation time and morphology. Bioplastics are plastics that can be decomposed by microorganisms in a short time, making them more environmentally friendly than conventional plastics bioplastics made from natural polymer materials such as starch, cellulose, or fat. The research in making bioplastics was based on galactomannan coconut pulp and PVA. Galactomannan is a natural polymer that can make film layers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer but has properties that are soluble in water so it can be used as a mixture of bioplastics. PVA is also able to increase the elasticity and strong pull of bioplastics. This study produced bioplastics with the best thickness of 0,18mm and the highest percentage of water resistance in 74,76%. The best bioplastic tensile strength at 7,55 MPa value, while the best percentage of elongation 46,81%. Bioplastics in this study had a melting point (MP) of 120 Â° C and were degraded correctly in 24 hours.

CO-COMBUSTION SLUDGE IPAL PLTU TANJUNG JATI B UNIT 1&2 DENGAN BATUBARA : TINJAUAN ENERGI TERMAL PEMBAKARAN DAN PENGARUH TERHADAP EMISI SOX DAN SLAGGING PADA BOILER SAC, Ragil Darmawan; Aryanti, Nita; Soetrisnanto, Danny
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Electricity production process at TanjungJati B unit 1&2 Power Plant is also producing B3 waste (sludge) obtained from waste water treatment plant. E-Green principles can encourage company to reduce amount of waste generated. A co-combustion process (re-combusting the sludge with coal in boiler) can be applied to reduce the sludge waste. Previous study literature shows there is no experiment related co-combustion between sludge and coal. Moreover, characteristic of sludge (proximate, ultimate, chemical composition and temperature of ash fusion) effective for combustion and the process are unknown. The aims of this research are to find sludge characteristic, to evaluate caloric value from sludge combustion, to study the effect of co-combustion coal-sludge to emission and potential of slagging formation. The research carried out by proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter, sulfur and caloric content), ultimate analysis (C, H, S, N, and O), chemical composition of ash (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, and PÂ2O5), and ash fusion temperature. Results showedthat thecaloricvalue, sulfurandCaO content are differentsludgewithcoal. The caloric value of sludge is 428.22kcal/kg, sulfur content is 12.46% and CaO content is 34.11%. Caloric value of coal is 6125 kcal/kg, sulfur content is 1.14% and CaO content is 1.73%. The sulfur contentrepresentthe amount of produced SOxemissionsdue to there is no sulfur content at formed ash. The combustion with coal produced 427.318 mg/Nm3 SOx emission. The mixingratiothatstillmeets the standardis(15:1) with711.547mg/Nm3 of SOx emission. Mixing ratio variation show that higher ratio gives higher caloric value, lower sulfur content and decrease slagging index. Based on existing boiler requirement conditions, the mixing ratio of (20:1) and (15:1) is applicable due to have enough caloric value, low slagging index, and not exceed the limit for emission.The optimum condition for co-combustion in this research is ratio (15:1). Higher ratio is recommended for application of co-combustion due to result higher caloric value, lower emission and lower slagging index. Â 38Keywords :Co-combustion, Batubara, Sludge IPAL, Slagging

Pengaruh Blanching terhadap Karakteristik Daun Ubi Kayu Instan Kamsiati, Elmi; Rahayu, Eka; Herawati, Heny
METANA Vol 16, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Daun ubikayu merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang memiliki kandungan gizi cukup lengkap. Selain vitamin dan mineral, daun ubikayu juga mengandung protein tinggi. Namun, karena memiliki kandungan air tinggi daun ubikayu rentan terhadap kerusakan sehingga tidak dapat disimpan dalam waktu lama. Teknologi pengeringan merupakan salah satu metode pengolahan yang dapat meningkatkan umur simpan sayuran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis garam (NaCl dan natrium bikarbonat) dan lama blanching terhadap karakteristik daun ubikayu instan serta menentukan perlakuan untuk menghasilkan daun singkong instan dengan karakteristik terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis garam dan lama blanching berpengaruh terhadap warna daun kering sebelum dan setelah rehidrasi, tekstur, serta daya rehidrasi. Daun ubikayu instan terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan penggunaan NaCl 1% dengan lama blanching 15 detik. Karakteristik warna daun sebelum rehidrasi L 47,19; a -4,52; b 8,15 dan setelah rehidrasi L 36,40; a -6,97; b 13,84 dengan daya rehidrasi 760%, tekstur 11,5 g, kadar air 8,38%, kadar abu 8,56%, lemak 5,17%, protein 36,68%, dan karbohidrat 41,21%. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik daun ubikayu yang dihasilkan tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol ditinjau dari parameter proksimat, namun berbeda nyata ditinjau dari parameter kecerahan warna, daya rehidrasi, dan nilai b setelah rehidrasi.

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