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METANA
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Articles 220 Documents
 18   19   20   21   22 
Kandungan Mikroplastik Pada Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) yang Beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah Supriyo, Edy; Noviana, Siti Nurlaela
METANA Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v19i2.58548

Abstract

Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik yang berukuran 1–5000 μm. Mikroplastik dapat ditemukan dimana saja dan salah satunya adalah pada  air minum. Air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK) selama ini dianggap sebagai produk higienis sehingga aman dikonsumsi, dan menjadi andalan masyarakat untuk memenuhi asupan cairan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan mikroplastik yang terdapat dalam AMDK yang beredar di Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Sampel berupa AMDK merek A dan P dalam kemasan botol plastik bervolume 600 dan 500 mL serta gallon bervolume 19 Liter diambil dari distributornya di Kota Semarang, yang dipanaskan dengan sinar matahari pada suhu 28 dan 40oC. Air sampel kemudian disaring menggunakan membrane filter PTFE hydrophilic dengan pori 0,22 µm dan dikeringkan dalam desikator selama 24 jam, ditimbang serta diamati dengan mikroskop stereo dan dengan FTIR Spectometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di semua sampel terdapat mikroplastik dalam bentuk fragmen dan fiber yang berturut-turut berukuran 1,91-44,85µm dan 2,94-130,02 µm. Mikroplastik berukuran 1–10 µm mempunyai angka Z-score terbesar yaitu 1,953.  Jumlah dan berat mikroplastik tertinggi ditemukan pada air dalam kemasan botol P pada suhu 40oC yaitu 97 partikel/500 mL dan 0,0136 gr. Mikroplastik yang ada dalam AMDK merupakan plastic dengan gugus fungsi polyethylene terephthalate (PET), yang diperkirakan berasal dari kemasan AMDK tersebut.     Microplastics are plastic particles measuring 1–5000 μm. Microplastics can be found anywhere, and one of them is in drinking water. Bottled drinking water (or Air Minum dalam kemasan/AMDK) has long been considered hygienic. Hence, it is safe for consumption and has become a mainstay for people to fulfill their body's fluid intake. This research aims to analyze the microplastic content in AMDK marketed in Semarang, Central Java. Samples in the form of AMDK brands A and P in plastic bottles of 600 and 500 ml and gallons with a volume of 19 liters were taken from the distributor in Semarang City, which were heated with sunlight at temperatures of 28 and 40oC. The sample water was then filtered using a PTFE hydrophilic membrane filter with 0.22 µm pores, dried in a desiccator for 24 hours, weighed, and observed with a stereo microscope and an FTIR Spectrometer. The results showed that there were microplastics in all samples in fragments and fibers measuring 1.91-44.85µm and 2.94-130.02µm, respectively. Microplastics measuring 1–10µm have the largest Z-score, i.e. 1.953. The highest number and weight of microplastics were found in P bottles of water at a temperature f 40oC, i.e. ,97 particles/500 mL and 0.0136 gr. The microplastics in AMDK are plastics with the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) functional group, which is thought to come from their packaging
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Zeolit Alam Sebagai Katalis Pada Sintesa Solketal Dari Gliserol Dan Aseton Melalui Proses Ketalisasi Oko, Syarifuddin; Kurniawan, Andri; Saputra, Tori
METANA Vol 20, No 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v20i1.58422

Abstract

Seiring dengan semakin tumbuhnya industri biodiesel, maka produksi gliserol sebagai hasil samping industri biodiesel juga semakin meningkat. Produksi solketal merupakan salah satu langkah yang tepat untuk mengatasi limbah gliserol dalam jumlah besar, selain itu solketal juga digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan pada bahan bakar minyak karena dapat menurunkan emisi partikulat, memperbaiki sifat aliran dingin, dan meningkatkan bilangan setana. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi katalis zeolit terhadap rendamen dan densitas pada sintesis solketal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat solketal dan menggunakan katalis zeolit. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah konsentrasi zeolit (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, dan 10%) dengan cara merefluks selama 12 jam sampai didapat solketal yang dihasilkan. Untuk mengetahui solketal yang dihasilkan dari pengaruh variasi konsentrasi zeolit yang ditambahkan maka dilakukan beberapa pengujian yaitu analisa rendamen dan densitas. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh hasil solketal terbaik pada variasi konsentrasi katalis zeolit 4% dan dimana konsentrasi ini memiliki nilai densitas terbaik yaitu 1,0768 g/mL karena nilai ini mendekati nilai teoritis yaitu sebesar 1,06 g/mL dan memiliki rendamen sebesar 77,89%. Hasil yang teruji dengan FT-IR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi yang mengandung solketal.  Along with the growing biodiesel industry, the production of glycerol as a by-product of the biodiesel industry is also increasing. Solketal production is one of the right steps to deal with large amounts of glycerol waste, besides that solketal is also used as an additive to fuel oil because it can reduce particulate emissions, improve cold flow properties, and increase cetane number. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of zeolite catalyst concentration on the rendement and density of solketal synthesis. This research was conducted to make solketal and use a zeolite catalyst. The variation was the concentrations of zeolite (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) by refluxing for 12 hours until the resulting solketal was obtained. To determine the solketal produced from the effect of variations in the concentration of zeolite added, several tests were carried out, namely analysis of rendement and density. From the results of the study, the best solketal results were obtained at a variation of 4% zeolite catalyst concentration and where this concentration had the best density value of 1.0768 g/mL because this value was close to the theoretical value of 1.06 g/mL and had a yield of 77.89%. The results tested by FT-IR showed the presence of functional groups containing solketals.
The Effect of Acidity Level (pH) and Palm Sugar Sucrose Levels on the Quality of Brown Sugar Dali, Nasriadi; Chairunnas, Armadi; Amalia, Hilda Ayu Melvi; Puspitasari, Sri Ayu Andini
METANA Vol 20, No 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v20i1.57772

Abstract

Research on the effect of acidity level (pH) and sucrose levels of palm sugar has been successfully carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of acidity level (pH) and sucrose levels of palm sugar on the quality of brown sugar produced. The level of acidity (pH) of palm sugar is set at pH (3, 4, 5, 6, and 7). The quality of brown sugar is divided into three categories, namely quality 1 (high), 2 (moderate), and 3 (low). The sucrose content of palm sugar at pH (3 – 7) was determined by the Luff Schoorl method. The quality of brown sugar was determined organoleptically. The results of determining the sucrose content of palm sugar by Luff Schoorl method at pH (3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) were respectively (11.30, 12.25, 14.17, 15.10 and 16.42%). The results of organoleptic determination of brown sugar quality showed that: (1) palm sugar with sucrose content of 11.30% (pH 3) and 12.25% (pH 4) produced low quality brown sugar; (2) palm sugar with sucrose content of 14.17% (pH 5) and 15.10% (pH 6) produced medium quality brown sugar; (3) palm sugar with a sucrose content of 16.42% (pH 7) produces high quality brown sugar. So, the level of acidity (pH) and sucrose levels of palm sugar affect the quality of brown sugar. The lower the pH and sucrose content of palm sugar, the lower the quality of the brown sugar produced. Conversely, the higher the pH and sucrose content of palm sugar, the higher the quality of the brown sugar produced. Therefore, the quality of palm sugar needs to be maintained so that the pH and sucrose content do not decrease so that the brown sugar produced is of high quality. The results of testing the quality of brown sugar based on SNI-01-3743-1995 show that brown sugar produced from palm sugar at pH 5 – 7 meets SNI requirements. Meanwhile, brown sugar produced from palm sugar at pH 3 and 4 does not meet SNI requirements.
Analysis of Decision Making on Wastewater Use Technology in the Universitas Pertamina Area Khansa, Pavita; Sofiyah, Evi Siti; Suryawan, I Wayan Koko
METANA Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v19i2.56873

Abstract

Wastewater available through the sewerage system can be reused as a daily need. With a sewer system, the Universitas Pertamina Area can utilize water according to Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001 Class 4. Reuse of wastewater within this scope can improve sustainable development goals. This study aims to analyze the decision-making of sewerage water treatment so that it can be reused according to the class 4 quality standard. The first alternative consists of a collection tank, bar screen, pre-sedimentation, rapid sand filter (RSF), and disinfection. The second alternative consists of a collection tank, bar screen, horizontal roughing filter (HRF), RSF, and disinfection. The two alternatives provided have met the required quality standards. However, the area of land required in alternative one is too large compared to the second alternative. This causes the second alternative to be more appropriate to be applied in the Universitas Pertamina Area. Analysis of decision-making on the use of RSF media is carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The alternative media for RSF are sand, granular active carbon (GAC), and zeolite. The criteria for BOD removal, total coliform removal, cost, headloss, and replacement period of the most appropriate zeolite media for use in the RSF unit process.
Pembuatan Yoghurt Bubuk Susu Kedelai (Glycine max L.Meriil) Menggunakan Metode Foam Mat Drying dengan Penambahan Maltodekstrin Sebagai Bahan Penyalut Hayati, Rihma Nur; Rohmah, Isyqi Aulia; Sa'adah, Khoirus; Hikmawati, Septiani Nurul; Muflihati, Iffah
METANA Vol 20, No 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v20i1.58805

Abstract

Susu kedelai merupakan produk dari protein nabati yaitu sari kacang kedelai yang dapat diolah lebih lanjut menjadi produk fermentasi berupa yoghurt namun masa simpan relatif rendah apabila disimpan disuhu ruang. Metode pengeringan merupakan metode yang sesuai untuk memperpanjang umur simpan yoghurt susu kedelai. Salah satu metode pengeringan yang dapat menghasilkan produk tersebut adalah foam mat drying. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi maltodekstrin dan tween 80 terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia, mikrobiologi dan sensoris yoghurt bubuk susu kedelai. Tahapan awal pembuatan yoghurt bubuk susu kedelai dilakukan dengan proses fermentasi susu kedelai, kemudian dilanjutkan metode pengeringan dengan penambahan tween 80 dan maltodekstrin. Langkah selanjutnya yaitu proses pengeringan menggunakan metode foam mat drying. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan tween 80 dan maltodekstrin dapat menurunkan kadar air, TAT, nilai a* dan nilai b*, namun dapat meningkatkan kadar protein, kadar lemak, nilai L*, dan total mikroba. Penambahan tween 80 dan maltodekstrin tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap warna kuning, warna putih, rasa manis, rasa asam, aroma yoghurt, dan aroma kedelai berdasarkan uji sensoris. Soy milk is a product of vegetable protein, namely soy bean juice, which can be further processed into a fermented product in the form of yoghurt, but its shelf life is relatively low when stored at room temperature. The drying method is a suitable method to extend the shelf life of soy milk yoghurt. One drying method that can produce this product is foam mat drying. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of maltodextrin and tween 80 concentrations on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of soy milk powdered yoghurt. The initial stage of making soy milk powdered yoghurt is carried out using the soy milk fermentation process, then followed by the drying method with the addition of Tween 80 and maltodextrin. The next step is the drying process using the foam mat drying method. The results showed that increasing tween 80 and maltodextrin could reduce water content, TAT, a* value and b* value, but could increase protein content, fat content, L* value and total microbes. The addition of tween 80 and maltodextrin had no effect on yellow color, white color, sweet taste, sour taste, yoghurt aroma and soybean aroma based on sensory tests. 
Pengaruh Perbandingan Ikan Wader (Rasbora jacobsoni) dan Tepung Terigu terhadap Mutu Mi Kering Rahmadi, Isnaini; Insyra, Athalla Rania; Suhartini, Wildan
METANA Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v19i2.57022

Abstract

Pola konsumsi masyrakat Indonesia saat ini menjadikan produk mi sebagai makanan pendamping atau pengganti nasi. Hal ini berpengaruh besar terhadap status gizi masyarakat seperti kekurangan protein. Tingkat konsumsi protein hewani di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. Kandungan protein ikan wader sebesar 14,88% cocok untuk bahan baku pangan produk mi kering. Mi kering merupakan makanan paling populer di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat perbandingan ikan wader terhadap kualitas mutu fisikokimia mi kering serta rendemen dan daya kembang. Formulasi mi kering dengan perbandingan ikan wader:tepung terigu 0:100, 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:65. Analisis mi kering meliputi uji rendemen, daya kembang, kadar air, lemak, protein, abu, abu tidak larut dalam asam, dan karbohidrat. Hasil analisis ANOVA memperlihatkan bahwa perbandingan daging ikan wader dan tepung terigu berpengaruh nyata dengan perhitungan rendemen, kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar abu, dan kadar karbohidrat, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata dengan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam. Hasil bobot nilai terbaik didapatkan dari perbandingan konsentrasi ikan wader dan tepung terigu sebesar 25:75 dengan nilai rendemen sebesar 60,27%, daya kembang 120%, kadar air 11,13%, kadar lemak 1,6%, kadar protein 13,55%, kadar abu 2,13%, kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 0,014% dan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 71,6%.  The current consumption pattern of the Indonesian people makes noodle products a complementary food or substitute for rice. This has a big influence on the nutritional status of the community, such as protein deficiency. The level of consumption of animal protein in Indonesia is still relatively low. Wader fish protein content of 14.88% is suitable for food raw materials for dry noodle products. Dry noodles are the most popular food in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the wader fish comparison level on the physicochemical quality of dry noodles as well as yield and swelling power. Dry noodle formulation with the ratio of wader fish:wheat flour 0:100, 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:65. Analysis of dry noodles included yield, swelling power, moisture content, fat, protein, ash, acid insoluble ash, and carbohydrates. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed that the ratio of wader fish meat and wheat flour significantly affected the calculation of yield, water content, fat content, protein content, ash content, and carbohydrate content, but had no significant effect on acid insoluble ash content. The best weight results were obtained from a comparison of the concentrations of wader fish and wheat flour at 25:75 with a yield value of 60.27%, swellability of 120%, moisture content of 11.13%, fat content of 1.6%, protein content of 13.55 %, 2.13% ash content, 0.014% acid insoluble ash content and 71.6% carbohydrate content.
Pengaruh Suhu Terhadap Difusivitas dan Konstanta Kecepatan Reaksi Transesterifikasi In-Situ Produksi Biodiesel Amelia, Nikma Azrul; Mustikaningrum, Mega
METANA Vol 20, No 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v20i1.59022

Abstract

Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar yang dapat diperbarui dengan manfaatnya sebagai pengganti diesel/solar dengan keunggulan emisi gas buang yang jauh lebih baik. Pada penelitian kali ini dilakukan reaksi transesterifikasi in-situ produksi biodiesel berbasis biji mahoni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh perbedaan suhu pada hasil yield biodiesel serta menentukan nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi ekstraktif dan difusivitas ekstraksi reaktif biodiesel. Metode transesterifikasi in situ dijalankan dengan rasio bahan baku dan metanol ( 1:101,39), bahan baku dan tetrahidrofuran (1:67,85), dan rasio NaOH sebesar 4% dari berat bahan baku. Dari hasil penelitian, yield biodiesel terbaik didapatkan pada suhu 30°C dengan 87,3%. Sementara itu, nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi dan difusivitas bervariasi pada suhu 10°C, 20°C, dan 30°C. Pada suhu 30°C, konstanta kecepatan reaksi adalah 0,063 dm3/mol.menit dan nilai difusivitas untuk berbagai komponen seperti metanol, minyak nabati, metil ester, dan gliserol adalah 2 x 10-10 ; 2 x 10-10 ; 7,18 x 10-9 ; dan 1 x 10-10 dm3/menit.  Biodiesel is a renewable fuel with the benefit of being a substitute for diesel with the advantage of much better exhaust emissions. In this research, an in-situ transesterification reaction was carried out for the production of biodiesel based on mahogany seeds. This research aims to assess the effect of temperature differences on the biodiesel yield and determine the reaction rate of extractive and the diffusivity of reactive biodiesel extraction. The In-Situ Transesterification method was carried out with the ratio of raw material to methanol (1:101.39), raw material to tetrahydrofuran (1:67.85), and a NaOH ratio of 4% of the raw material weight. From the research results, the best biodiesel yield was obtained at a temperature of 30°C with 87.3%. Meanwhile, the reaction rate constant and diffusivity values vary at temperatures of 10°C, 20°C, and 30°C. At a temperature of 30°C, the reaction rate constant is 0.063 dm3/mol.minute, and the diffusivity values for various components such as methanol, vegetable oil, methyl ester, and glycerol are 2 x 10-10 ; 2 x 10-10 ; 7.18 x 10-9 ; and 1 x 10-10 dm3/minute, respectively. 
Karakteristik Ethylene Scavanger dalam perubahan Susut Bobot, Kadar Air, Total Padatan Terlarut, dan pH pada Pisang Ambon Kesuma, Aditya Arival; Silvia, Deli
METANA Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v19i2.58369

Abstract

Pisang Ambon memiliki umur simpan yang terbatas dan cepat rusak, sehingga tidak mungkin disimpan dalam waktu lama dan terjaga kesegarannya. Produksi gas etilen merupakan faktor yang mempercepat kematangan buah. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai penggunaan ethylene scavenger berupa KMNO4 + tanah liat dan Zeolit untuk menunda kematangan buah pisang Ambon Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa karakterisasi ethylene scavenger pada buah pisang Ambon Pengujian yang dilakukan berupa susut bobot, kadar air, total padatan terlarut dan pH. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan membuat formulasi ethylene scavenger menggunakan 3 variasi konsentrasi KMnO4 + tanah liat (0, 10g, 30g, dan 90g) dan 2 variasi konsentrasi KMnO4 + Zeolit (0g, 3g dan 6g). Kemudian ethylene scavenger diaplikasikan ke buah pisang dengan masa simpan selama 12 hari. Pengujian dilakukan setelah 3, 6, dan 12 hari dengan dua kali pengulangan. Nilai persentase susut bobot yang didapatkan sebesar 53%, nilai kadar air 31.5%, total padatan terlarut 24%, dan nilai pH 6. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengujian bahwa susut bobot, kadar air, total padatan terlarut dan pH mencapai nilai terbaik pada formulasi ethylene scavenger KMnO4 + tanah liat 10g.Ambon bananas have a limited shelf life and spoil quickly, making it impossible to store for a long time and maintain freshness. Ethylene gas production is a factor that accelerates fruit maturity. Research has been conducted on the use of ethylene scavenger in the form of KMnO4 + clay and Zeolite to delay the maturity of Ambon banana fruit. The purpose of this research is to analyze the characterization of ethylene scavenger on Ambon banana fruit. The research method used was to make ethylene scavenger formulation using 3 variations of KMnO4 + clay concentration (0, 10g, 30g, and 90g) and 2 variations of KMnO4 + Zeolite concentration (0g, 3g and 6g). Then ethylene scavenger was applied to banana fruit with a shelf life of 12 days. Tests were conducted after 3, 6, and 12 days with two repetitions. The percentage value of weight loss obtained was 53%, the value of moisture content was 31.5%, the total soluble solids was 24%, and the pH value was 6. The results obtained from the test that weight loss, moisture content, total soluble solids and pH reached the best value in the ethylene scavenger formulation KMnO4 + Clay 10g.
Analisis Minyak Terpentin Hasil Penyulingan di Pabrik Gondorukem dan Terpentin Sindangwangi Rosalinda, S.; Sumirat, Riska
METANA Vol 20, No 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v20i1.61287

Abstract

Minyak terpentin merupakan salah satu komonitas ekspor yang potensial. Minyak terpentin yang diperoleh dari getah pinus merkusii mengandung α-Pinene yang digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi. Pentingnya peranan minyak terpentin dalam berbagai industri dipengaruhi oleh kualitasnya khususnya komponen kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen kimia minyak terpentin dan kualitasnya di Pabrik Gondorukem dan Terpentin (PGT) Sindangwangi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium dengan analisis deskriptif dan studi literatur pada jurnal terakreditasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 12-16 komponen terpentin teridentifikasi. Komponen kimia minyak terpentin terdiri dari α-Pinena, Kamfena, β-Pinena, β-Mirsena, Dihidro-4-karena, δ-Karena, Simol, Limonena, γ-Terpinena, α-Terpinolena, α-Pinena oksida, Thujol dan Verbenol α-Tujen, β-Palandrena, Cinema, dan Humulena. Selain itu, terpentin memiliki bau yang khas, berwarna transparan, dan kandungan α-pinene sebesar 83,28%, massa jenis 0,888 Kg/m3 dan VOC 1,07%.   Turpentine oil is one of the potential export commodities in Indonesia. Turpentine oil obtained from the sap of Pinus merkusii contains α-pinene, which is used for various applications. The important role of turpentine oil in various industries is influenced by its quality, especially the chemical components. This study aims to identify the chemical components of turpentine oil and its quality at the Sindangwangi Gondorukem and Turpentine Factory (PGT), West Java. This research used a laboratory experimental method with descriptive analysis and a literature study in accredited journals. The results showed that 11–14 turpentine components were identified. The chemical components of turpentine oil consist of α-Pinene, Kamfena, β-Pinene, β-Mirsena, Dihydro-4-carene, δ-Carene, Simol, Limonena, γ-Terpinene, α-Terpinolene, α-Pinene oxide, Thujol and Verbenol, α-Tujen, β-Palandrena, Cinema, and Humulena. In addition, turpentine oil has a distinctive odor, transparency, and α-pinene content of 83.28%, a density of 0.888 kg/m3, and a VOC of 1.07%.
Peningkatan Karakteristik Biokomposit Pektin Kulit Jeruk dan TiO2 Silvia, Deli; Annisa, Siti Nur
METANA Vol 19, No 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v19i2.57084

Abstract

Indonesia menghasilkan sekitar 7,8 juta ton sampah plastik setiap tahunnya. Hampir 83% sampah tersebut berasal dari daratan dan lautan, sisanya 17% berasal dari wilayah pesisir. Limbah ini mengakibatkan terjadinya pencemaran tanah, air, laut bahkan udara terhadap organisme dan lingkungan. Sehingga perlu adanya alternative dalam penggunaan kemasan, salah satunya dengan penggunaan biokomposit. Kemasan yang bersifat compostable dan biodegradable dengan menggunakan bahan alami. Telah dilakukan penelitian pembuatan biokomposit dari pati porang, pektin kulit jeruk, sorbitol dengan penambahan variasi TiO2 (b/v) (0%, 0,3%, 0,5% dan 0,7%). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis sifat karakteristik biokomposit sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Dengan melakukan pengujian karakteristik biokomposit berupa uji ketebalan, uji kuat tarik, uji elongasi, dan uji elastisitas. Nilai tertinggi pengujian karakteristik biokomposit diperoleh pada konsentrasi 0,7% dengan nilai ketebalan 0,182 mm; kuat tarik 8,473 MPa; elongasi 64,05% dan elastisitas 0,0185 MPa. Hasil yang diperoleh telah dibandingkan dengan nilai SNI, dan telah memenuhi SNI 7188.7:2016 sebagai kantong belanja.  Indonesia produces around 7.8 million tons of plastic waste every year. Almost 83% of this waste comes from land and sea, with the remaining 17% coming from coastal areas. This waste causes pollution of soil, water, sea and even air to organisms and the environment. So there needs to be an alternative in the use of packaging, one of which is the use of biocomposites. Packaging that is compostable and biodegradable using natural materials. Research has been conducted on the manufacture of biocomposites from porang starch, orange peel pectin, sorbitol with the addition of TiO2 variations (b/v) (0%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%). The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of biocomposites according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). By testing the characteristics of biocomposites in the form of thickness test, tensile strength test, elongation test, and elasticity test. The highest value of biocomposite characteristics testing was obtained at a concentration of 0.7% with a thickness value of 0.182 mm; tensile strength of 8.473 MPa; elongation of 64.05% and elasticity of 0.0185 MPa. The results obtained have been compared with SNI values, and have met SNI 7188.7: 2016 as a shopping bag.

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