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Jurnal Riset Akuakultur

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Published by Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Jembrana

ISSN : 19076754 EISSN : 25026534 DOI : http://doi.org/10.15578/JRA

Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur as source of information in the form of the results of research and scientific review (review) in the field of various aquaculture disciplines include genetics and reproduction, biotechnology, nutrition and feed, fish health and the environment, and land resources in aquaculture

Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum

Articles 763 Documents

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POLA INFEKSI Streptococcus agalactiae STRAIN NP105O DAN N14G PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) Achmad Suhermanto; Suhermin Suhermin; Ridwan Ridwan; Indri Astuti; Iis Nurmawanti
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 15, No 1 (2020): (Maret, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Infeksi Streptococcosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri patogen Streptococcus agalactiae dengan karakteristik strain berbeda menjadi permasalahan utama pada budidaya ikan nila. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah pola infeksi bakteri S. agalactiae strain NP105O dan N14G, melalui performa organ target, gejala klinis, serta hematologi ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus. Karakterisasi S. agalactiae berdasarkan pada SNI dan API 20 STREP, uji pertumbuhan bakteri dilakukan dengan metode total plate count (TPC). Pengujian eksistensi bakteri dengan cara menginjeksikan S. agalactiae secara intraperitoneal (IP) dengan konsentrasi 107 CFU.mL-1, dan pengamatan dilakukan dengan pengambilan darah dan dikultur di media BHIA. Hasil uji biokimia dan konfirmasi menggunakan API 20 STREP menunjukkan bahwa isolat terkonfirmasi positif sebagai S. agalactiae, dan NP105O dideteksi sebagai bakteri â-hemolitik. Pertumbuhan bakteri NP105O lebih cepat daripada N14G, namun eksistensi di darah masing-masing selama 72 jam dan 24 jam. Hasil pengamatan performa darah menunjukkan bahwa glukosa dan leukosit mengalami peningkatan signifikan masing-masing 53,5 ± 2,12 mg.dL-1 dan 6,51 ± 0,89 (105 sel.mm-3), sedangkan hematokrit dan eritrosit mengalami penurunan signifikan (P<0.05) masing-masing 21,10 ± 0,07% dan 14 ± 4,5 (105 sel.mm-3) pascainjeksi S. agalactiae. Gejala klinis pascainfeksi berupa melanosis, respons lambat, anorexia, ocular opacity, purulens, unilateral atau bilateral eksoptalmia, gasping, erratic, C-shape, dan whirling. Pola infeksi S. Agalactiae strain NP105O dan N14G berbeda pada ikan nila, dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan bakteri pada organ ginjal, otak, dan mata.Streptococcosis infection caused by different strains of pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae has been a major problem in tilapia culture. This research aimed to examine the patterns of S. agalactiae infection of NP105O and N14G strains, through targeted organ performance, clinical symptoms and hematological signs of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The characterization of S. agalactiae was based on SNI and API 20 STREP. Bacterial growth test was carried out using the total plate count (TPC) method. Bacterial infection was performed by injecting S. agalactiae intraperitoneally (IP) with a concentration of 107 CFU.mL-1, and the observations were carried out by extracting and culturing the fish blood in BHIA media. The result of the biochemical test and API 20 STREP confirmed that the isolates was identified as S. agalactiae and NP105O strain was detected as â-hemolytic bacteria. The growth of NP105O strain was faster than N14G strain, where their clear presence in blood was observed at 72 and 24 hours, respectively. The result of hematological parameters showed that glucose and leukocytes increased significantly with values of 53.5 ± 2.12 mg.dL-1 and 6.51 ± 0.89 (105 cell.mm-3), respectively. On the other hand, hematocrit and erythrocytes decreased significantly (P<0.05) 21.10 ± 0.07% and 14 ± 4.5 (105 cell.mm-3) post-S. agalactiae injection. Clinical signs post-infection consisted of melanosis, slow response, anorexia, ocular opacity, purulence, unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos, gasping, erratic movement, C-shape and whirling. NP105O, and N14G strains show different patterns of infections on tilapia and strongly influenced by the presence of bacteria in the kidneys, brain, and eyes.

SCREENING BAKTERI SELULOLITIK DAN AMILOLITIK PADA RUMEN SAPI SEBAGAI KANDIDAT PROBIOTIK PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN SECARA IN VITRO Anis Zubaidah; Dony Prasetyo; Hany Handajani; Sulis Puji Rohmah; Dyah Ayu Puspita
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 14, No 4 (2019): (Desember, 2019)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Bakteri selulolitik dan amilolitik mampu mengubah selulosa dan amilum menjadi glukosa serta mampu menghasilkan enzim selulase dan amilase. Bakteri selulolitik dan amilolitik diisolasi dari rumen sapi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bakteri selulolitik dan amilolitik dari rumen sapi yang memiliki nilai indeks selulolitik dan amilolitik yang tinggi, serta mampu memenuhi syarat untuk dijadikan sebagai probiotik. Screening bakteri pada rumen sapi menghasilkan enam isolat yaitu AR, BR, CR, DR, ER, dan FR. Uji aktivitas selulolitik dilakukan pada substrat carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) dan amilolitik pada amilum, uji ketahanan terhadap kondisi asam (pH 3), pengamatan pertumbuhan bakteri selama 30 jam, uji antagonistik terhadap bakteri patogen Aeromonas hydrophila, uji penempelan bakteri dan uji patogenisitas bakteri pada ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas selulolitik terbesar pada isolat AR (2,67 ± 0,35 cm) dan aktivitas amilolitik terbesar pada isolat AR (4 ± 0,60 cm). Hanya empat isolat (AR, BR, ER, dan FR) yang dilakukan uji lanjut. Keempat isolat mampu bertahan dalam kondisi asam pH 3 selama delapan jam dengan nilai OD terbesar pada isolat ER (1.137). Uji antagonistik menunjukkan bahwa isolat AR, ER, dan FR mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Isolat FR memiliki nilai antagonistik terbesar yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat 17 mm. Uji penempelan bakteri untuk membuktikan bahwa isolat mampu menempel pada usus ikan. Uji patogenesitas pada isolat yang didapatkan guna membuktikan bahwa isolat tidak bersifat patogen terhadap inang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa isolat yang didapatkan dari rumen sapi termasuk bakteri selulolitik dan amilolitik yang telah memenuhi syarat sebagai kandidat probiotik pada ikan.Cellulolytic and amylolytic bacteria can transform cellulose and starch into glucose and produce the cellulase and amylase enzymes. These types of bacteria can be found in and isolated from cow’s rumen. Thus, the purpose of this study was to obtain potential cellulolytic and amylolytic bacteria from cow’s rumen with a high cellulolytic and amylolytic index value and can be qualified as probiotics. The screening of bacteria in the cow’s rumen produces six isolates i.e. AR, BR, CR, DR, ER, and FR. The parameters observed were: the cellulolytic activity in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) substrate, amylolytic activity on starch substrates, resistance test to acidic conditions (pH 3), bacterial growth for 30 hours, antagonistic to pathogenicity test to bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, bacterial attachment test, and bacterial pathogenicity test in fish. The results showed that the largest cellulolytic and amylolytic activities were observed in AR isolates with a value of 2.67 ± 0.35 cm) and 4 ± 0.60 cm, respectively. Only four isolates (AR, BR, ER, and FR) were used in further tests. The four isolates were able to survive in the acidic conditions of pH 3 for 8 hours with the largest (OD) value was achieved by ER isolates (1,137). The growth of each isolate was different. The antagonistic test showed that the three isolates could inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila. FR isolates had the greatest antagonistic values characterized by the formation of an inhibition zone of 17 mm. Bacteria attachment test proved that the isolates were able to stick in the fish gut. The pathogenicity tests also proved that the isolates were not pathogenic to the host.

ANALISIS MAKANAN ALAMI DALAM LAMBUNG DAN MIKROHABITAT LOBSTER PASIR (Panulirus homarus) FASE PUERULUS DI TELUK AWANG Muhsinul Ihsan; Suhirman suhirman; Edi M Jayadi; Reza Sagista; Yuli Eka Hardianti; Wahyu Bintang Ilahi; Handa Muliasari; Lalu Achmad Tantilar Wangsajati Sukmaring Kalih
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 14, No 3 (2019): (September, 2019)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Pulau Lombok memiliki potensi dalam industrialisasi lobster. Aspek makanan alami larva perlu dipahami untuk mendukung pembenihan lobster. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis makanan alami dalam lambung dan mikrohabitat lobster pasir (Panulirus homarus) fase Puerulus. Cairan lambung dari sepuluh ekor Puerulus dianalisis dengan metode analisis plankton. Makanan alami di mikrohabitat dikoleksi dengan menyaring seratus liter air laut dari alat tangkap dengan jaring plankton. Makanan alami dalam lambung meliputi fitoplankton dan zooplankton. Fitoplankton terdiri atas satu kelas yaitu bacillariophyceae, tiga ordo yaitu rhabdonematales; naviculales; fragilariales; dan tiga spesies yaitu: Grammatophora marina, Navicula cancellata, dan Synedra radians. Zooplankton terdiri atas kelas oligothriceae ordo choreotrichi spesies Tintinnopsis lobiancoi. Makanan alami di mikrohabitat juga terdiri atas fitoplankton dan zooplankton. Struktur komunitas fitoplankton terdiri atas enam kelas; 26 ordo; dan 39 spesies, sedangkan komunitas zooplankton terdiri atas 10 kelas; 10 ordo; dan 20 spesies. Indeks keanekaragaman makanan alami dalam lambung sebesar 1,39. Rata-rata nilai kelimpahan, indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dan dominansi fitoplankton, serta zooplankton di mikrohabitat berturut-turut 65.744 sel/50 mL; 3,03; 0,82; 0,08; serta 182 sel/50 mL; 1,89; 0,62; 0,3. Grammatophora marina, Navicula cancellata, Synedra radians, dan Tintinnopsis lobiancoi berpotensi sebagai pakan alami larva lobster pasir (Panulirus homarus).Lombok Island has a high potential to be developed as a central area for lobster farming industry due to the abundance of puerulus in the area. One of the requirements to support the industry is by providing the biological aspect information of spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) especially its local natural diet during the puerulus phase, which is required to develop a sustainable operation of lobster hatchery. This research was aimed to determine the natural diet in the stomach and microhabitat of puerulus of spiny lobster. The natural diet in the stomach fluid of ten Puerulus was determined using plankton analysis method, while the natural diet in the lobster microhabitat was collected by filtering one hundred liters of seawater in the catching media by using plankton nets. The natural diet in the stomach of puelurus includes phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton consisted of one class, bacillariophyceae; three ordines, rhabdonematales, naviculales, fragilariales; and three species, Grammatophora marina, Navicula cancellata, and Synedra radians. Zooplankton consisted of class oligothriceae, ordo choreotrichi, species Tintinnopsis lobiancoi. The natural diet in the microhabitat also consisted of phytoplankton and zooplankton. The community structure of phytoplankton consisted of six classes; 26 ordines; and 39 species, while zooplankton consisted of 10 classes; 10 ordines; and 20 species. The diversity index of the natural diet in the puerulus stomach was classified as moderate H’ 1.39. The averages of abundance, diversity, similarity, and dominance index of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the microhabitat were 65,744 cell/50 mL; 3.03; 0.82; 0.08; and 182 cell/50 mL; 1.89; 0.62; 0.3 respectively. Grammatophora marina, Navicula cancellata, Synedra radians, and Tintinnopsis lobiancoi were found to be dominant and have the potential to be developed as the natural hatchery diet for spiny lobster larvae.

ESTIMASI KEBUTUHAN KAPUR UNTUK TAMBAK TANAH SULFAT MASAM (TSM) DI PULAU LAUT KABUPATEN KOTA BARU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN Tarunamulia Tarunamulia; Hasnawi Hasnawi; Admi Athirah
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 14, No 2 (2019): (Juni, 2019)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketersediaan dan kebutuhan kapur yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk mendukung upaya remediasi tambak tanah sulfat masam (TSM) di Pulau Laut, Kabupaten Kota Baru Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Untuk mengestimasi kebutuhan kapur, sebanyak 46 contoh tanah diambil dan dianalisis mengikuti metode acak bertingat (random stratified). Selain contoh tanah, juga dilakukan pengambilan tiga contoh untuk masing-masing jenis kapur komersial yang tersedia di lokasi studi. Sampel tanah dan kapur selanjutnya dibawa ke laboratorium tanah Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau dan Penyuluhan Perikanan (BRPBAP3), Maros untuk análisis lanjutan kandungan kimia fisika. Analisis kebutuhan kapur untuk menetralisir kemasaman tanah tambak dilakukan dengan mengombinasikan metode Boyd dan metode SPOCAS dengan parameter input berupa kualitas tanah dan kualitas kapur yang meliputi nilai netralisir (NV) and tingkat efisiensi (ER). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan kapur di lokasi studi masih jauh dari cukup untuk tujuan menetralisasi kemasaman tanah dasar tambak. Berdasarkan nilai rata-rata tingkat kemasaman tanah 994 mol H+/ton didapatkan kebutuhan kapur untuk kedua tipe kapur dolomit “Dolo Natural” dan “Kaptan” bervariasi antara 1,2 hingga 28 ton/ha dengan kebutuhan kapur maksimum ditemukan berada di Kecamatan Pulau Laut Timur. Untuk mengurangi penggunaan kapur disarankan agar melakukan tahapan remediasi secara utuh yang meliputi pengeringan, perendaman, dan pembilasan tambak, sebelum pengapuran dilaksanakan.The study was carried out to determine the naturally available lime in and lime amount required to remediate acid sulfate soils affected brackishwater ponds (TSM) in Pulau Laut, Kota Baru Regency South Kalimantan Province. Lime requirements were determined by collecting 46 soil samples following a stratified random sampling method. In addition, three samples each from two locally available commercial lime materials were collected for physical and chemical properties analyses at the Soil Laboratory of the Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension (RICAFE). Lime requirements to neutralize ponds’ soil acidity were determined through a combined Boyd and SPOCAS methods with input parameters of soil quality as well as neutralizing values (NV) and efficiency rating (ER) of the liming materials. The results of the analyses indicated that the availability of lime materials in the study location was insufficient to neutralize the acidity of the pond bottom soil. Taking into account the average soil acidity level of 994 mol H+/tonnes, the required amount of lime varied from 1.2 to 28 tonnes/ha for both commercial dolomitic limestones “Dolo Natural” and “Kaptan”. The highest lime requirements was found in the TSM ponds of Pulau Laut Timur Regency. This research recommends that a complete remediation stage, including drying, submerging, and flushing of ponds before applying liming materials, can greatly minimize the required amount of lime.

SEKUENS mtDNA CO-1, KARAKTER REPRODUKSI DAN TOLERANSI TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN DARI UDANG GALAH BENGAWAN SOLO Estu Nugroho; Astuti Astuti; Fitriana Yulaeni; Pristika Y. Praninda; Riyan K. Putra; Suprayitno Suprayitno; Dian A. Hariyanti; Latifah Sutandi; Farid Irvani
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 15, No 1 (2020): (Maret, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Indonesia dikenal sebagai pusat sumber daya udang air tawar, salah satu di antaranya adalah udang galah dari daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Bengawan Solo. Kegiatan penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi secara genetik dan mendapatkan informasi tentang karakter reproduksi dan daya adaptasinya terhadap lingkungan dari udang galah Bengawan Solo. Identifikasi dilakukan melalui sekuensing daerah mtDNA CO-1. Pengamatan reproduksi dilakukan pada saat matang gonad pertama. Toleransi terhadap lingkungan terdiri atas uji salinitas, pH, suhu, dan oksigen terlarut (DO). Data sekuensing dianalisis dengan menggunakan program CLUSTAL OMEGA. Data reproduksi dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan program Excel. Data hasil uji toleransi terhadap lingkungan dianalisis dengan menggunakan program SPSS 16. Sekuens mtDNA CO-1 udang galah Bengawan Solo mempunyai tingkat similaritas 98% terhadap Macrobrachium rosenbergii (KM234150). Proporsi basa A (27,62%), G (19,53%), T (27,34%), dan C (25,52%) menyusun 239 residu asam amino. Filogenetik berdasarkan jarak genetik mengelompokkan udang galah Bengawan Solo, GImacro, Siratu, Mahakam, dan KM234150 dalam satu grup. Induk udang galah umur 216 hari mencapai matang gonad yang pertama dengan ukuran panjang 15,32 ± 0,58 cm; bobot 48,58 ± 5,87 g (jantan) dan 13,86 ± 0,75 cm; bobot 29,04 ± 4,64 g (betina). Tingkat fekunditas yang dimiliki oleh induk betina adalah 834,67 ± 57,73 butir/g. Diameter telur berkisar 0,40-0,53 mm dengan bobot rata-rata 0,112 g. Sintasan larva hingga umur satu bulan adalah sebesar 50,56 ± 0,61%. Benih udang galah pada salinitas 5-25 ppt mempunyai tingkat sintasan 73,33%-86,67%; pH 4-8 dengan tingkat sintasan 66,67%-73,33%; suhu 20°C-34°C dengan tingkat sintasan 76,67%-96,67% dan tingkat oksigen yang dibutuhkan benih udang galah > 1,04 mg/L.Indonesia is known as a resource center for freshwater shrimp, one of which is the giant freshwater prawn from Bengawan Solo watershed. This research aimed to genetically identify and obtain information about the giant freshwater prawn’s reproduction and adaptation characters in a culture environment. Identification was made by sequencing the MtDNA CO-1 region. Reproductive observation was carried out when the first gonad matured. Environmental tolerance tests consisted of salinity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO) tests. Sequencing data were analyzed using the CLUSTAL OMEGA program. Reproduction data were analyzed descriptively using the Excel program. Data from the environmental tolerance tests were analyzed using the SPSS 16 software package. The mtDNA CO-1 sequencing result of Bengawan Solo prawns has a 98% similarity rate to Macrobrachium rosenbergii (KM234150). The proportions of base A (27.62%), G (19.53%), T (27.34%), and C (25.52%) have compiled 239 amino acid residues. Phylogenetic analysis based on the genetic distance has grouped Bengawan Solo, GImacro, Siratu, Mahakam, and M. rosenbergii-KM234150 in one group. The broodstock parent reached the first gonadal maturity at 216 days with an average body length and weight of 15.32 ± 0.58 cm; 48.58 ± 5.87 g for male and 13.86 ± 0.75 cm; 29.04 ± 4.64 g for female, respectively. The fecundity rate of the female parent was 834.67 ± 57.73 eggs/g body weight. Egg diameters ranged from 0.40 to 0.53 mm, with an average weight of 0.112 g. Larval survival was 50.56 ± 0.61%. Seed prawns subjected with: salinity tests between 5-25 ppt have survival rates between 73.33%-86.67%; pH tests ranged between 4-8 have survival rates between 66.67%-73.33%; temperature test between 20°C-34°C have survival rate between 76.67%-96.67%. The optimum oxygen level needed for giant prawn seeds > 1.04 mg/L.

PEMIJAHAN SEMI-BUATAN SIPUT GONGGONG, Laevistrombus turturella DENGAN INDUKSI KOMBINASI HORMON LHRH-a DAN ANTIDOPAMIN Muzahar - Muzahar; Muhammad Zairin Jr.; Fredinan Yulianda; Muhammad Agus Suprayudi; Alimuddin Alimuddin; Irzal Effendi
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 14, No 4 (2019): (Desember, 2019)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Gonggong adalah sejenis siput laut yang merupakan makanan laut (seafood) favorit dan ikon Kota Tanjungpinang, ibukota Provinsi Kepulauan Riau (Kepri). Gonggong mengandung protein tinggi, yaitu sekitar 46,65%. Tidak ada laporan tentang produksi budidaya dan upaya konservasi gonggong. Teknologi produksi benih buatan gonggong belum berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pemberian kombinasi hormon LHRH-a dan antidopamin untuk menginduksi proses pemijahan. Evaluasi pemberian hormon LHRH-a dan antidopamin pada pemijahan siput gonggong dilakukan dengan empat dosis: 0,5 ìLgÎ¹ bobot badan lunak (BB) (P1); 0,7 ìLgÎ¹ BB; dan 0,9 ìLgÎ¹ BB (P2); dan tanpa suntikan (TS). Siput gonggong pascasuntikan dipelihara di akuarium selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) kombinasi hormon LHRH-a dan antidopamin mampu merangsang pemijahan gonggong. Dosis rendah hormon LHRH-a dan antidopamin (P-1) menghasilkan induk betina yang memijah paling banyak, yaitu 34,48%; lebih tinggi dari P-2 (27,59%), P-3 (20,69%); dan TS (17,24%); (2) jumlah telur yang dikeluarkan oleh induk betina berbeda secara signifikan antar perlakuan (P<0,05). Jumlah telur yang dikeluarkan oleh masing-masing induk berkisar antara 10.874-63.489 butir/ekor dengan rata-rata 39.347 ± 16.667 butir/ekor.The gonggong is a species of sea conch which is a favourite seafood and an icon of Tanjungpinang City, capital of Kepulauan Riau (Kepri) Province. Gonggong contains high protein, about 46.65%. There were no reports on aquaculture production and conservation effort of gonggong. The technology on artificial seed production of gonggong has not yet developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the administration of LHRH-a hormone and anti-dopamine to induce the spawning process. Evaluation of the administration of LHRH-a hormone and anti-dopamine on the gonggong conch’s spawning was carried out with four doses: 0.5 ìLgÎ¹ soft body weight (BW) (P-1), 0.7 ìLgÎ¹ BW; and 0.9 ìLgÎ¹ BW (P-2); and without injections (TS). The gonggong conchs after injection were reared in aquarium for 14 days. The results showed that (1) a combination of LHRH-a hormone and anti-dopamine was able to stimulate gonggong spawning. The lower dose of LHRH-a hormone and anti-dopamine (P-1) produced the highest number of spawned female broodstock, which was 34.48%, higher than P-2 (27.59%), P-3 (20.69%), and TS (17.24%); (2) the number of eggs released by female broodstock was significantly different among the treatments (P<0.05). The number of eggs released by each female broodstock ranges between 10,874-63,489 grains/ind. with an average of 39,347±16,667 grains/ind.

PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS IKAN MAS STRAIN MUSTIKA PADA UJI MULTI LOKASI Didik Ariyanto; Yogi Himawan; Khairul Syahputra; Flandrianto Sih Palimirmo; Suharyanto Suharyanto
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 14, No 3 (2019): (September, 2019)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Ikan mas Mustika merupakan varietas unggul ikan mas hasil seleksi tahan penyakit Koi Herpes Virus (KHV). Secara laboratoris, uji tantang ikan mas Mustika dengan KHV menghasilkan sintasan lebih dari 90%. Namun demikian, performa ikan mas Mustika di lingkungan budidaya terkait pertumbuhan dan tingkat produktivitasnya belum banyak dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi performa ikan mas Mustika sebagai varietas unggul tahan KHV di beberapa lokasi sentra budidaya. Penelitian dilakukan di kolam air deras (KAD) di Tanjungsiang, Subang; serta karamba jaring apung (KJA) di Waduk Jatiluhur, Purwakarta; Waduk Cirata, Cianjur; dan Waduk Darma, Kuningan. Sebagai pembanding digunakan ikan mas Majalaya yang berasal dari unit pembenihan rakyat (UPR) setempat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga kali ulangan selama 90 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa performa ikan mas lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan daripada faktor genetik, serta interaksi kedua faktor tersebut. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kualitas perairan di Waduk Darma lebih rendah dibanding lokasi lainnya. Di lokasi tersebut, ikan mas Mustika mempunyai pertumbuhan, produktivitas, dan rasio konversi pakan sebesar 2,81%/hari; 13,42 kg/m2; dan 1,43 secara nyata lebih baik daripada varietas pembanding, sebesar 2,21%/hari; 8,16 kg/m2; dan 2,54. Di lokasi lainnya, performa ikan mas Mustika tidak berbeda nyata dengan varietas pembanding. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa ikan mas Mustika mempunyai toleransi yang lebih baik terhadap kondisi lingkungan perairan yang buruk, daripada varietas pembanding.Mustika is the newly produced superior variety of common carp strains resistant to Koi Herpes Virus (KHV). The challenge test of Mustika common carp against KHV resulted in a survival rate of more than 90%. However, the information on the growth and productivity of Mustika common carp in culture conditions is not yet available to supplement its superior resistance to KHV. This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of Mustika as a superior variety of common carp resistant to KHV resistance through multi-location tests which were in: running water ponds (KAD) in Tanjungsiang, Subang; floating net cages (KJA) in Jatiluhur Reservoir, Purwakarta; Cirata Reservoir, Cianjur; and Darma Reservoir, Kuningan. In all trial locations, Majalaya carp from the local hatchery (UPR) were used as the comparison population. The study was conducted for 90 days with three replications. The result showed that the performance of the carp was more affected by the environmental factor than both genetic and interaction of genetic >< environment factors. In Darma reservoir which has poorer water quality conditions, Mustika common carp had better growth, productivity and food conversion ratio of 2.81%/day, 13.42 kg/m2, and 1.43, respectively, compared to that of the comparison population of 2.21%/day, 8.16 kg/m2, and 2.54. Among the locations used in the multi-location test, the performances of Mustika common carp and the comparison population were not significantly different. These results indicate that Mustika common carp is more tolerant of being cultured in poorer water quality conditions

PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO DAN LARVA PADA DOMESTIKASI IKAN CUPANG (Betta rubra Perugia, 1893) Asep Permana; Eni Kusrini; Agus Priyadi; Sawung Cindelaras
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 15, No 1 (2020): (Maret, 2020)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Salah satu jenis ikan cupang alam yang menarik perhatian adalah cupang Betta rubra Perugia, 1893; yang merupakan jenis endemik dari perairan Banda Aceh. Status B. rubra di habitat aslinya sudah mulai sulit diperoleh sedangkan budidayanya belum berkembang. Oleh karena itu, informasi tentang embriogenesis dan perkembangan stadia awal ikan B. rubra sangat diperlukan untuk mendukung keberhasilan pengembangbiakannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui embriogenesis dan perkembangan larva ikan B. rubra. Telur dan larva yang digunakan berupa hasil pemijahan alami B. rubra di Balai Riset Budidaya Ikan Hias, Depok. Parameter yang diamati yaitu fase embriogenesis, perkembangan larva, dan benih ikan B. rubra. Pengamatan embriologi di mulai setelah ikan memijah sampai telur menetas, sedangkan perkembangan larva di mulai dari larva menetas sampai menjadi benih atau perkembangan telah sempurna. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari di bawah mikroskop binokuler Olympus SZX9 perbesaran 8-25 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan embrio telur B. rubra terjadi selama enam hari atau 144 jam hingga menetas menjadi larva pada suhu 27°C-28°C. Perkembangan embriogenesisnya yaitu hari pertama setelah memijah di mulai dengan pembelahan awal; hari kedua: blastula; hari ketiga: gastrula; hari keempat: pembentukan bakal kepala dan ekor; hari kelima: pembentukan ovtic vesicle dan notochorda; hari keenam: menetas. Perkembangan larva H-3—H-4 setelah menetas mata dan mulut mulai membuka; H-5—H-6: terbentuk anus dan kuning telur habis; H-7: peralihan pakan (indogeneous ke exsogeneous) dan metamorfosis terjadi 39 hari atau 936 jam setelah menetas.Betta rubra Perugia, 1983 is an endemic ornamental fish found in the swamp areas of Banda Aceh. Due to its appealing physical appearance, B. rubra wild population has been heavily exploited. Current aquaculture technology of the species is not yet available which implies an imminent threat to the conservation of this species. Therefore, the domestication the fish species is the first important step toward developing the aquaculture technology of the species which requires specific information on embryogenesis and the development of the early stadia B. rubra. This study aimed to determine embryogenesis and larval development of B. rubra. The eggs and larvae used from the natural spawning of B. rubra wild parents reared in the facility of the Ornamental Fish Cultivation Research Center, Depok, Indonesia. The parameters observed were the embryogenesis and early stages development of the fish from larvae to juvenile. Observation of embryogenesis started from eggs fertilization until hatching. The development of larvae was observed from post hatching until fully developed as fish juvenile. Embryonic and larval development were monitored daily using an Olympus SZX9 binocular microscope with 8x-25x magnification. The results showed that the embryogenesis of B. rubra lasted for six days or 144 hours until it hatched. The development stages of the embryogenesis after fertilization are as follow: division phase on the first day; blastula on the second day; gastrula on the third day; formation of heads and tails on the fourth day; formation of ovtic vesicles and notochordas on the fifth day; hatch on the sixth day. Larval development consists of: eyes and mouth begin to open at three to four days after hatching; anus is formed and the yolk is gone between the fifth and sixth days; intermediate feed (indogeneous to exsogeneous) at seventh day and metamorphosis at 39 days or 936 hours after hatching.

PERBAIKAN KARAKTER PERTUMBUHAN IKAN MAS “MUSTIKA”MELALUI SELEKSI Didik Ariyanto; Yogi Himawan; Khairul Syahputra; Flandrianto Sih Palimirmo; Suharyanto Suharyanto
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 14, No 2 (2019): (Juni, 2019)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Seleksi ikan mas berdasarkan marka ketahanan terhadap penyakit (MHC-II) telah menghasilkan ikan mas “Mustika” sebagai ikan unggul tahan KHV (koi herpes virus). Adanya fenomena trade-off antar karakter menyebabkan laju pertumbuhan ikan mas Mustika relatif lebih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperbaiki performa ikan mas Mustika khususnya pada karakter pertumbuhan melalui seleksi. Pembentukan populasi F-1 hingga F-3 dilakukan menggunakan metode “back-cross”, yaitu betina F-0><jantan F-1, betina F-1><jantan F-2 dan betina F-2><jantan F-3. Evaluasi pertumbuhan populasi ikan mas Mustika dari F-1, F-2, dan F-3 dilakukan pada karamba jaring apung selama tiga bulan. Pada evaluasi penampilan fenotipik populasi F-3 ikan mas Mustika pada kegiatan budidaya, digunakan populasi ikan mas Majalaya dari unit pembenihan rakyat (UPR) sebagai populasi kontrol eksternal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai respons seleksi karakter bobot ikan mas Mustika F-1, F-2, dan F-3 secara berturut-turut sebesar 7,29%; 34,51%; dan 8,12%; sehingga total respons seleksi yang diperoleh sebesar 49,72%. Pada kegiatan budidaya, populasi ikan mas Mustika mempunyai pertumbuhan, bobot individu panen, biomassa panen, konversi rasio pakan, dan produktivitas lebih baik dibandingkan dengan populasi ikan mas Majalaya dari UPR, masing-masing sebesar 5,99%; 11,60%; 13,32%; 39,59%; dan 11,19%.Marker-assisted selection (MAS) using MHC-II has successfully formed “Mustika” as a resistant common carp strain against KHV. However, the trade-off among characters to form the KHV resistant carp strain has suppressed the growth trait of the species. This study was aimed to improve the growth character of Mustika common carp based on the selection of growth performance. The F-1, F-2, and F-3 populations were formed using the “walk-back” method by crossing females of F-0 ><males of F-1, females of F-1 ><males of F-2, and females of F-2 ><males of F-3. Growth evaluation of each generation was based on body weight gain during the three months experiment. The growth evaluation of the F-3 Majalaya strain from a local breeder (UPR) was used as the external control. The results showed that the response to the selection of F-1, F-2, and F-3 of Mustika common carp were 7.29%, 34.51%, and 8.12%, respectively, with a total response to selection of 49.72%. In culture condition, the Mustika common carp has a better specific growth rate, individual weight, biomass at harvest, food conversion ratio, and productivity than the Majalaya common carp of 5.99%, 11.60%, 13.32%, 39.59%, and 11.19%, respectively.

PEREMAJAAN BIBIT RUMPUT LAUT Gracilaria verrucosa HASIL KULTUR JARINGAN MELALUI SELEKSI MASSA Sri Redjeki Hesti Mulyaningrum; Andi Indra Jaya Asaad; Hidayat Suryanto Suwoyo; Erfan Andi Hendrajat
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 14, No 3 (2019): (September, 2019)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji performa bibit rumput laut Gracilaria verrucosa hasil kultur jaringan yang diremajakan dengan metode seleksi massa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tambak percobaan Marana, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan; menggunakan dua petakan tambak berukuran sekitar 2.500 m2. Seleksi dilakukan berdasarkan perhitungan laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH), menggunakan sistem long line selama dua siklus dengan durasi 30 hari/siklus. Bibit rumput laut hasil seleksi kemudian dipelihara dengan sistem tebar dasar dan dibandingkan dengan kontrol internal dan kontrol eksternal dengan memasang sembilan unit hapa berukuran 1 m x 1 m x 1 m, dengan tiga ulangan untuk masing-masing perlakuan. Perhitungan LPH, kandungan agar, dan kekuatan gel dilakukan setiap 30 hari dan setiap 15 hari dilakukan monitoring terhadap kualitas air yakni salinitas, suhu, nitrat, dan fosfat. Hasil yang diperoleh memperlihatkan adanya peningkatan LPH yang signifikan (P<0,05) dari siklus-I (2,67 ± 0,38%/hari) menjadi (3,56 ± 0,25%/hari) pada siklus-II, dengan respons seleksi sebesar 21,48%-22,34% dan diferensial seleksi sebesar 9,70%-10,16%. Pertumbuhan rumput laut hasil seleksi lebih tinggi (3,23 ± 0,50%/hari) dibandingkan dengan kontrol internal (2,12 ± 0,02%/hari), dan kontrol eksternal (1,69 ± 0,09%/hari) (P<0,05). Kontrol internal memiliki kandungan agar yang lebih tinggi (20,07 ± 12,97%) dari rumput laut hasil seleksi (16,07 ± 1,58%) dan kontrol eksternal (8,29 ± 1,69%) (P<0,05); namun hasil seleksi memiliki kekuatan gel yang lebih tinggi (761,15 ± 208,90 g/cm2) dari kontrol internal (322,44 ± 244,29 g/cm2), dan kontrol eksternal (297,42 ± 44,16 g/cm²) (P<0,05). Peremajaan bibit rumput laut hasil kultur jaringan dengan metode seleksi massa mampu meningkatkan performa bibit rumput laut G. verrucosa.This study was aimed to determine the performance of tissue-cultured seaweed seed Gracilaria verrucosa, which was propagated using mass selection method. The study was conducted in the experimental ponds in Marana, Maros, South Sulawesi. The mass selection was conducted in two ponds of 2,500 m2. The selection was made by culturing the seaweed seed using the long line system for two cycles in 30 days/cycle duration during which the daily growth rates (DGR) of seaweed seeds were measured. The selected seaweed seeds were then cultivated in the ponds using broadcast system and the growth was compared with the internal and external controls consisted of nine units of 1 m x 1 m x 1 m hapa, with three replications for each treatment (selected seed, internal control, and external control). The measurements of DGR, agar yield, and gel strength were conducted every 30 days, while water quality monitoring i.e. salinity, temperature, nitrate, and phosphate were conducted every 15 days. The results showed that the DGR of seaweed seed increased significantly (P<0.05) from 2.67 ± 0.38%/day in cycle-I to 3.56 ± 0.25%/day in cycle-II, the selection response was 21.48%-22.34% and the differential selection was 9.70%-10.16%. The daily growth rate of selected seaweed seed was significantly higher (3.23 ± 0.50%/day) (P<0.05) compared to internal (2.12 ± 0.02%/day) and external controls (1.69 ± 0.09%/day). Internal control has higher agar yield (20.07 ± 12.97%) compared to the selected seed (16.07 ± 1.58%) and external control (8.29 ± 1.69%) (P<0,05). The selected seed has higher gel strength (761.15 ± 208.90 g/cm2) compared to internal control (322.44 ± 244.29 g/cm2), and external control (297.42 ± 44.16 g/cm2) (P<0,05). Propagated tissue-cultured seaweed seed using the mass selection method could improve the overall performance of seaweed seed.

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Ilham

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Ilham.fishaholic@gmail.com

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