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Correlation of dietary intake and physical activity with nutritional status, body composition and hand grip strength in elderly Etisa Adi Murbawani; Hertanto Wahyu Subagio; Niken Puruhita; Enny Probosari; Aryu Candra
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 10, No 1 (2021): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.10.1.21-27

ABSTRACT Background: Increased life expectancy has both positive and negative impacts. Elderly group are prone to nutritional issues and body function disorder such as sarcopenia. Factors including dietary intake and physical activity are contributors of sarcopenia.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation of dietary intake and physical activity with nutritional status, body composition and hand grip strength (HGS) in elderly.Materials and Methods: The study was held on July-October 2020 at the Panti Wredha Dharma Bakti Surakarta. This was a cross-sectional study of 54 elderly subjects. Subjects were selected by purposive sampling method. The data included height was measured using microtoise, while weight and body composition was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA). Dietary intake was obtained through comstock observation. Physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Hand grip strength values was measured by hand grip dynamometer. Data normality analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Bivariate test analyzed by Rank Spearman test.Results: Energy, carbohydrate and fat intake had no correlation with nutritional status, total body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass percentage (p value > 0.05), but there was a relationship between energy (p value = 0.33), carbohydrate (p value = 0.016) and fat intake (p value = 0.047) with visceral fat percentage. Physical activity had relation with nutritional status (p = 0.048) but had no relationship with total body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, subcutaneous fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass percentage. Protein intake also had no relationship with HGS value (p value> 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary intake only correlated with visceral fat percentage, but had no correlation with other body composition parameters. Physical activity correlated with nutritional status, but had no correlation with all of body composition parameters. Protein intake also had no correlation with HGS.

Risk factor of growth faltering in infants aged 2-12 months Rina Pratiwi; Adriyan Pramono; Galuh Hardaningsih
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 10, No 1 (2021): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.10.1.72-79

Background: Growth faltering is a condition of growth disturbance that marked by slower growth velocity compared with previous growth chart. Growth faltering can cause effects in immune response, cognitive, & physical and psychomotor disturbance, behavioral disorder, learning problems, higher risk of infection and mortality.Objectives: To analyze risk factor of growth faltering in infant aged 2-12 months.Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted in Public Health Center in Semarang city. Subject were infants aged 2 until 12 months with growth faltering. Variables were divided to exclusive breastfeeding, mother’s education, mother’s employment, social economic status, infection, mother’s nutrition and gestational age. Anthropometric and questionnaire data were obtained and analyzed among 116 infants. Statistic test used Chi square and multivariate analysis.Results: Chi-square analysis showed that breastfeeding (p=0.016) and gender (p=0.04) had a significant relationship with growth faltering in infant 2-12 months. Under standard parent’s income (p=0.809), Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI) (p=0.377), diarrhea (p=0.243), mother’s nutrition (p=1.00), gestational age (p=0.77), low mother’s education (p=0.83) and working mother (p=0.26) didn’t have a significant relationship with growth faltering in infant aged 2-12 months. Multivariate analysis showed that gender (p=0.035) and breastfeeding (p=0.019) were the most influencing variable to growth faltering. In 2-6 group, breastfeeding pattern had significant relationship with growth faltering (p=0.77)Conclusions: Breastfeeding and gender were risk factors of growth faltering in infant aged 2-12 months. Further research needed on how to prevent growth faltering in first 1000 days of life so it may avoid stunting in later life.

Catfish Oil (Pangasius hypophthalmus) effect to ferritin and sTfR in iron deficiency anemia Hersanti Sulistyaningrum; Fronthea Swastawati; Maria Mexitalia; Etika Ratna Noer
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 10, No 1 (2021): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.10.1.28-35

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a micronutrient problem and the prevalence is still high. Catfish oil (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is a natural source of heme iron which can improve body iron levels.Objectives: This study was aimed to examine and analyze the effect of catfish oil on ferritin and sTfR levels in male wistar rats with iron deficiency anemia models.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on male wistar rats which were divided into groups C- (standard feed), C+ (standard feed but had the iron removed), X1 (standard feed without iron but was supplemented with catfish oil), X2 (standard feed without iron but was supplemented with ferrous sulfate) for 14 days. Ferritin and sTfR levels were measured before and after intervention using ELISA.Results: The study showed an increase ferritin levels in X1 (21.87 ng/ml ±0.76), X2 (24.47 ng/ml ±0.54) and there was no significant difference between the two (p=0.069; p>0.05); a decrease in C- (0.25 ng/ml ±0.43), C+ (0.32 ng/ml ±0.059) (p=0.00; p<0.05). The sTfR levels decreased before and after intervention (p=0.00; p<0.05) in C+ (0.24 μ/mL ±0.99), X1 (60.66 μ/mL ±0.29), X2 (62.10 μ/mL ±0.90) and increased in C- (0.40 μ/mL ±0.97).Conclusions: The study indicates ferritin levels increased in the rats receiving catfish oil is not different from the rats that received ferrous sulfate and sTfR levels decreased significantly in wistar rats with iron deficiency anemia receiving catfish oil although the results were not as good as ferrous sulfate supplementation

The Effect of Breastfeeding Calendar Training on Knowledge and Attitudes of Mothers in Exclusive Breastfeeding Ari Indra Susanti; Aminarista Aminarista; Neneng Martini; Nur Rahmah; Sri Astuti
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 10, No 1 (2021): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.10.1.80-87

Background: Lactating mothers were successful in giving exclusive breastfeeding as much as 42% based on SDKI (Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia) in 2012. This is depend on the support of husbands and families as well as health workers. Thus, the husband or family should remind and motivate mothers as well as monitor the breastfeeding activity every day for 6 months using breastfeeding calendar.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the increase in knowledge and attitudes of mothers in providing exclusive breastfeeding after the exclusive breastfeeding calendar training.Materials and Methods: The research design used a quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test design. This research was conducted on mothers who had babies (age 0-12 months) in Pasawahan Village and Pasawahan Kidul Village, Pasawahan District, Purwakarta Regency in April to November 2018, with 96 respondents. The sampling technique was conducted by purposive sampling. Data were collected by giving questionnaires to respondents, before and after the breastfeeding calendar training were given. The Wilcoxon test was used for the analysis of the data in this study.Results: The results showed that there were differences in the knowledge of mothers before and after training on breastfeeding calendar (p <0,000) and there were differences in the attitudes of mothers before and after the training on breastfeeding calendar (p <0,000).Conclusions: There was an increase in knowledge and changes in the attitude of mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding after being given the breastfeeding Calendar training. Therefore, suggestions for health workers, especially midwives and nutrition workers, can use the breastfeeding calendar as an educational medium to increase husband and family support in exclusive breastfeeding.

Evaluating the food consumption among Indonesian young adults lived in a different environment Rany Adelina; Esti Nurwanti; Rathi Paramastri; Carissa Cerdasari; Jane C J Chao
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 10, No 1 (2021): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.10.1.36-44

Background: Indonesian young adults who live abroad usually buy meals from café or catering. These meals tend to be less nutritious, including high fat, low fiber, and high carbohydrate.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the pattern of food consumption among young Indonesian adults who lived in a different environment.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 497 participants (73 men and 420 women). Data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of 78 food groups. In addition, the Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to compare consumption patterns among study participants who lived in a different environment (Malang city, East Java, Indonesia, and Taipei City, Taiwan). Furthermore, the Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test analyzed the consumption level by gender.Results: Our study indicated no significant differences between food consumption of Indonesian young adults in Malang city, Indonesia, and Taipei City, Taiwan (p=0.623). Meanwhile, beverage (tea) was significantly different between gender in the home country (p=0.005). In contrast, participants who lived abroad showed significantly different consumption levels of fast food (instant noodle) and plant protein source (tofu) across gender (p=0.01 and p=0.02).Conclusion: The present study showed that fruits were often changed into juices, especially more frequent in a home country than abroad. Meanwhile, several food items, including beverages (tea), fast food, and plant protein source (tofu), showed significant differences across gender.

The Association between Sleep Duration, Breakfast Routine and Nutritional Status in Indonesian Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic Muhammad Nadzir Mushoffa Suja’I; Reny Noviasty; Eva R Kurniawati; Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 10, No 2 (2022): Juni
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.10.2.168-180

Background: Adolescents are susceptible to nutritional status issues, both undernutrition, and over-nutrition, becoming a public health concern promptly. There were 912 junior and high-school adolescents who were obese and 249 high-school adolescents who had low body mass index (BMI) in Samarinda City. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents experienced changes in sleep duration, and many adolescents were skipping breakfast. Sleep duration and breakfast can affect the nutritional condition of adolescents. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between sleep duration, breakfast routine and BMI in Samarinda, Indonesian adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: A total of 340 adolescents was sampled and assessed using a cross-sectional technique to ascertain their sleep duration, breakfast routine, and nutritional status. Nutritional status was classified based on BMI-for-age and z-value BMI. The amount of sleep duration was calculated by the average wake time and sleep time. Breakfast routine was obtained from seven days of breakfast before 9 am. Then, using multivariate analyses were tested for sleep duration, BMI z-value, breakfast routine, and nutritional status.Results: This study revealed that 68.5% had good nutrition, with an average sleep duration of 8 hours (65.9%) and irregular breakfast (59.1%). Nutritional status was significantly influenced by breakfast routine (p=0.044), gender (p<0.001), and mother’s employment (p<0.001). A cubic association was found between sleep duration and BMI (p=0.045); and a significant association between breakfast routines and BMI, independent from age, gender, ethnicity, school.Conclusion: Adolescents must consider their sleep duration and the frequency and composition of their breakfast. Future study in the longitudinal study is needed to explore in more detail.

Differences in eating habits and physical activity before and during distance learning Yulia Rizki Maulina; Ani Margawati; Rachma Purwanti; A. Fahmy Arif Tsani
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 10, No 2 (2022): Juni
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.10.2.122-134

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the enforcement of distance learning. This may cause negative impacts on adolescents' eating habits and physical activity.Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the differences in eating habits and physical activity before and during distance learning in adolescents.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 95 adolescents aged between 15-18 years. Subjects were selected using a simple random sampling method. Eating habits and physical activity variables were measured using modified Eating Habit and Lifestyle Changes in COVID-19 and Eating Habits Questionnaire. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and McNemar tests were used to analyse the data.Results: There was an increase in frequency of meals two times/day (9.5%) and snacking three times/day (4.2%) reported during distance learning. There were significant differences in number of meals (p=0.014) and snacking (p=0.034), carbohydrates sources intake (p=0.046), sweet food (p=0.014), snack (p=0.016), exercise (p=0.035), exercise duration (p=0.004), and exercise frequency (p=0.030) before and during distance learning. There were no significant differences in protein-sources intake, vegetable, fruit, sweetened beverages, fried food, processed food, junk food, emotional eating, physiological eating, and ways of obtaining food before and during distance learning (p >0.05).Conclusion: Significant differences were found in eating habits comprised of the number of main meals and snacking, intake of carbohydrates sources, sweet food, snack, and physical activity before and during distance learning

Effects of Sorghum Cookies (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) on Fasting Glucose, Triglyceride, High-Density Lipoprotein level, and Body Fat Percentage in Adolescent Obesity Latifah Rachmawati; Maria Mexitalia; Muflihatul Muniroh; Diana Nur Afifah; Adriyan Pramono
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 10, No 2 (2022): Juni
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.10.2.181-188

Background: Adolescent obesity is related to the risk of metabolic syndrome. Several studies have proven the effect of dietary interventions on metabolic parameters in obese individuals. A source of complex carbohydrates that is still rarely developed in the obese diet is sorghum which contains resistant starch.Objective: The study was to reveal the effect of sorghum cookies on Fasting Glucose (FG), Triglycerides (TG), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Body Fat Percentage (BFP) in obese adolescents.Materials and Methods: This quasi-experiment with the pre-post control-group design was conducted on 20 boys and 20 girls (divided into 10-boy control group, 10-girl control group, 10-girl intervention group, and 10-girls intervention group) with the age range of 13–15 years who attended Junior High School 14 Semarang chosen by consecutive sampling. Weight, Height, and BFP were measured directly by BIA. Metabolic parameters (FG, TG, and HDL levels) were taken through venous and 10-hour fasting. Energy intake and physical activity were taken by interview using the food recall questionnaire for 6 days randomly and IPAQ. The intervention of sorghum cookies was given in 90 grams/day with 473 kcal/day for 28 days. The analysis of the effect of the intervention was conducted by a paired t-test and independent t-test.Results: At 28-days sorghum cookies intervention resulted in lower levels of FG, TG, and BFP in the intervention boy group (p < 0.05) and BFP in the girl group (p < 0.05). The intervention of sorghum cookies showed no effect on HDL levels in boys, and it did not affect FG, TG, or HDL levels of the girl subjects (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Obese adolescents who had been receiving intervention of 90 grams of sorghum cookies for 28 days appeared to have lower levels of fasting glucose, triglycerides, and body fat percentage.

Anthropometric Markers, Visceral Adipocyte Index, Inflammation Markers and Bone Density in Reproductive Obese Women Meita Hendrianingtyas; Lisyani B.Suromo; Tri Indah Winarni
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 10, No 2 (2022): Juni
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.10.2.135-140

Background: Obesity has been associated with the risk of various diseases. The correlation between anthropometry and bone health is complex. Visceral adipocyte index (VAI) is one of the compositions of body fat compositions that mostly associated with proinflammatory cytokine, which can stimulate C- reactive protein (CRP) that affects bone density.Objectives: This study aimed to prove the correlation between VAI, CRP and BMD in Asian reproductive obese womenMaterials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in November 2020 - February 2021 and a total of 134 women of reproductive age with obesity participated in this study. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and rate of visceral fat were measured by body composition analyzer. Waist (WC) and hip circumferences (HC) measured by using tape; lipid profile and CRP level were examined using a clinical chemistry automatic analyzer, and the examination of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Waist to hip ratio (WHR)and VAI calculated manually. Pearson and Spearman test were used for statistical analysis.Results: There were positive weak correlations between weight, height, BMI, WC, HC, rate of visceral fat, WHR and VAI. There were weak positive correlations between HC, WHR and CRP. There were positive moderate correlations between weight, height, BMI, waist, visceral fat, WHR and CRP. Conclusion: Although there were correlations between anthropometric parameters and VAI and also CRP, but we did not found correlation between VAI and CRP to all BMD parameters.

Anthropometric Measurements and Inflammatory Marker in Obese Women Kartika Rizky Aulia; Meita Hendrianingtyas; Edward Kurnia Setiawan Limijadi; Dodik Pramono
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 10, No 2 (2022): Juni
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.10.2.88-94

Background: Obesity is one of global epidemic health problems and its prevalence is higher among women. Obesity can cause low grade chronic inflammation mechanism in adipose tissue, which is characterized by the increase of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple inflammatory marker which can be reliable in evaluating the inflammatory status occurring in obese women. Waist to height ratio (WHtR) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) are anthropometric measurements, have been reported to be associated with obesity and risk of metabolic syndrome.Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation of WHtR and WHR with NLR in population of obese women.Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study enrolling 80 obese women with Body mass index (BMI) > 27 aged 30 - 50 years in National Diponegoro Hospital Semarang, Indonesia. WHtR was determined by dividing waist circumference by height and WHR was determined by dividing waist circumference by hip circumference. NLR was examined manually from automatic hematology analyzer by dividing absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). Spearman correlation test was performed, p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: There was significant weak positive correlation between WHtR and NLR in obese women (p = 0,046; r = 0,224). There was no significant correlation between WHR and NLR in obese women (p = 0,961; r = 0,006).Conclusion: The present study showed that WHtR is one of better anthropometric measurement because it is associate with NLR as a simple marker of inflammation in obese women.

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