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ASSOCIATION OF EATING HABITS AND COOKING METHODS WITH BREAST TUMORS AMONG CHILDBEARING AGED URBAN WOMEN IN INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Imaviana Cahyani; Khairizka Citra Palupi; Adi Kurniawan; Leffiyanti Handi; Rathi Paramastri; Mertien Sa’pang
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 11, No 2 (2023): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.11.2.85-94

ABSTRACTBackground: breast tumors is the single most commonly detected benign or malignant tumors among women and has now become a global health burden.Objective: This study aimed to determine the associations of eating habits and cooking methods with a breast tumor in childbearing-aged Indonesian urban women.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a community survey of research of non-communicable disease 2016 database from the ministry of health of Indonesia. In total,28558 women, aged 25 – 49 years old were retrieved from the database. Eating habits and cooking methods were measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. A forward logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of eating habits and cooking methods with the risk of breast tumors.Results: Higher education level was positively associated with the incidence of breast tumors (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.01-1.20, p = 0.026). Seafood (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.96, p = 0.006) and fast foods (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.20, p = 0.049) were associated with the incidence of breast tumor among urban women. Roasted/smoked cooking method was positively associated with risk of breast tumor (OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.01 – 1.61, p = 0.043).Conclusion: Our study is the first community-based study in Indonesia investigating the association of eating habits and cooking methods with the incidence of breast tumors among childbearing-aged urban women. High intake of seafood was associated with a lower risk of breast tumors, while fast foods and roasted/smoked cooking method belief to have a detrimental effect on a breast tumor. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the present study findings.Keywords : eating habits, cooking methods, breast tumor, urban women

MALNUTRITION AT HOSPITAL ADMISSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN INTERNAL MEDICINE INPATIENTS Wita Rizki Amelia; Astrine Permata Leoni; Ahmad Syauqy; Purwita Wijaya Laksmi; Martalena Br Purba; Etika Ratna Noer; Lora Sri Nofi; Befi Sundari; Mita Arini
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 11, No 2 (2023): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.11.2.128-139

ABSTRACTBackground: Malnutrition at hospital admission may adversely affect patients' clinical outcomes. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) recently set a standard of measurable criteria to diagnose malnutrition. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the proportion and risk factors of malnutrition at hospital admission.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the internal medicine ward of the National General Central Hospital, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusmo (RSCM), Jakarta, from January to May 2022. Subjects aged 18 and above were recruited for this study. Malnutrition at hospital admission was defined according to the GLIM criteria. Then, the data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression to determine malnutrition risk factors, presented by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: A total of 231 subjects were enrolled in the study. Among them, 85.3% were malnourished according to the GLIM criteria. In addition, subjects with a severe to total dependency on functional status (OR 9.406, 95%CI: 3.147–28.109), inadequate energy intake (OR 2.718, 95%CI: 1.197–6.172), and multimorbidity (OR 2.337, 95%CI: 1.045–5.228), were significantly associated with malnutrition at hospital admission cases. Conclusion: According to the GLIM criteria, the proportion of malnutrition at hospital admission is high. The risk factors of malnutrition at hospital admission include low functional status, inadequate energy intake, and multimorbidity.Keywords : Malnutrition; Nutritional status; Nutrition assessment; Hospital admission; Internal medicine, Inpatients

COMPARISON BETWEEN METABOLIC PARAMETERS, FOOD INTAKE, AND GUT MICROBIOTA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES AND NON-DIABETIC INDONESIAN WOMEN Ninik Rustanti; Agnes Murdiati; Mohammad Juffrie; Endang Sutriswati Rahayu
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 11, No 2 (2023): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.11.2.119-127

ABSTRACTBackground: Globally, the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has resulted in an upsurge in research into this metabolic condition. Women, particularly in Indonesia, have a greater risk of T2D than males. The diversity of the gut microbiota (GM) in T2D is regulated by the number of carbs, protein, fat, and fiber consumed. Objectives: This study examined the comparison between metabolic parameters, food intake, and GM in T2D and non-diabetic Indonesian women.Materials and Methods: The cohort study included people who did not have T2D and those who did. On day 28 of observations, anthropometric, metabolic parameters, food intake, physical activity, and feces were collected. Feces were collected for pH, SCFA, and GM (L. plantarum, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella) analysis. Results: There were significant differences between non-diabetic and diabetic women in age, Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and HbA1c. The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of their macronutrient intake (calories, carbs, protein, and fat), total water, and dietary fiber. Fecal pH and GM did not statistically differ between the control and T2D groups. Fasting blood sugar and HbA1c were positively associated with age, duration of T2D, WHR, and total water consumption, but slightly negatively associated with dietary fiber intake. Fasting blood sugar was also slightly negatively associated with Prevotella, meanwhile HbA1c with Bifidobacterium. Carbohydrate intake were positively correlated with acetic, propionic, and butyric acid levels.Conclusion: Macronutrient intake, fecal pH, SCFA, and GM did not differ because GM in T2D increased bacause metformin consumption so that SCFA similar between two group. Keywords : food, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acid, diabetes, women

DETERMINING THE NUTRIENTS CHANGES AFTER UNDERGOING NUTRITIONAL COUNSELING AND COOKING ASSISTANCE AMONG T2DM OUTPATIENTS IN MALANG CITY, INDONESIA Rany Adelina; Awalia Nanda Arianto; Sabrina Julietta Arisanty; Rafika Aprillia; Wisnowan Hendy Saputra; Risa Mafaza; Khairuddin Khairuddin; Tapriadi Tapriadi; Rathi Paramastri
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 11, No 2 (2023): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.11.2.110-118

ABSTRACTBackground: Nutrition and diets are critical factors for T2DM patients to maintain health. Nutrition education are considered less effective because most patients have not implemented them. This research tries to develop program innovation by combining nutrition counseling and cooking assistance for T2DM outpatients. This study aimed to know the risk factors for T2DM and determine the effectiveness of programmed nutrition education (NEP) on changes in nutrient intake in patients with T2DM. Methods: A total of 70 participants registered as T2DM outpatients at Kedung Kandang primary healthcare center in Malang city. Subjects were recruited using a 'quota sampling' technique. The design of this study is a quasi-experiment study using a comparison of the control (n=32)-treatment group (n=38). This research was conducted from September to November 2018. Fifty minutes of intensive individual counseling and cooking assistance were provided to T2DM patients and families. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, Wilcoxon Mann Whitney U-test, and logistic regression. The patients’ 4-d dietary records of 3 normal days and 1 holiday/weekend were assessed after 24 hours.Results: From this study it can be seen that intake of amino acid lysine was significantly higher in the treatment group than the control group (p = 0.04). The intake of fiber, MUFA, and PUFA was greater in the intervention group, while sodium intake was lower in the intervention group. The risk factors of T2DM incidence were age (p = 0.036), education (p = 0.043), waist circumference (p = 0.015), and carbohydrate intake (p = 0.033). Conclusion: T2DM patients treated with individual nutrition counseling and cooking assistance gained a higher intake of fiber, amino acid lysine, and unsaturated fatty acids. The most influential risk factors of T2DM incidence are age, education, waist circumference, and carbohydrate intake. Keywords: nutrition counseling, cooking assistance, nutritional intake, T2DM.

Association of food consumption and physical activity with metabolic syndrome according to central obesity status in Indonesian adults: A cross-sectional study Permatasari, Mayang Januarti; Syauqy, Ahmad; Noer, Etika Ratna; Pramono, Adriyan; Tjahjono, Kusmiyati
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 1 (2023): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.1.31-35

Background: Previous studies have reported that the risk of metabolic syndrome differs between obese and non-obese individuals based on food consumption and physical activity.Objective: This study aims to analyze differences in the association of food consumption and physical activity with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in individuals with and without central obesity.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined individuals aged 19 to 64 years using Riskesdas 2018 data. Sample characteristics, including smoking habits, alcohol consumption, food consumption, physical activity, anthropometric data, clinical data, and biochemical data were collected for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Logistic regression was used as a multivariate analysis to investigate the association of food consumption and physical activity with the risk of metabolic syndrome in individuals with and without central obesity. Results: In this study, individuals with and without central obesity significantly increased risk of metabolic syndrome (p<0.05) due to consuming nearly all kinds of unhealthy foods (sweet foods, savory foods, fatty/cholesterol-rich/fried foods, grilled foods, processed meat/chicken/fish, soft drinks/carbonated drinks, energy drinks, and instant noodles/other instant foods). However, only individuals without central obesity who frequently consume seasonings (OR=1.519, 95% CI: 1.241-1.859) have a significant association with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Meanwhile, only individuals with central obesity who often consume sugary drinks (OR=1.315, 95% CI: 1.132-1.529) are significantly associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. In addition, inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as lack of physical activity also significantly increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in individuals with and without central obesity (p<0.05).Conclusion: Only the consumption of seasonings and sugary drinks shows a different relationship to the risk of metabolic syndrome in individuals with and without central obesity.

Determinant factors of obesity in urban and rural studies on adolescents in Banten Province, Indonesia Perdanawati, Mia; Nugraheni, Sri Achadi; Syauqy, Ahmad; Noer, Etika Ratna; Muniroh, Muflihatul
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.126-135

Background: The prevalence of obesity which continues to grow in children and adolescents is a concern since it increases degenerative disease risk. Obesity is not only a problem in urban areas, but it is also growing in rural areas.Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the determinants of obesity in adolescents in rural and urban areas in Banten Province.Materials and Methods: This research design used a case-control method with a purposive sampling technique. The sample in the study consisted of 160 adolescent subjects from 2 different schools. Each school representing 40 case samples that were adolescents with obesity and control adolescents with a normal body mass index. This study was conducted at one school in Cilegon City to represent the urban sample and one school in Pandeglang Regency to represent the rural sample. For each sample, body weight and height were measured, filling out the SQ-FFQ, International Physical Activity Questioner (IPAQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and DASS-42 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) questionnaires. Data regarding the results of air quality monitoring which includes data (PM10, SO2 O3 and NO2) was obtained from the Environmental Service. Meanwhile, data were analyzed by using Chi-Square and logistic regression.Results: The determinants of obesity in adolescents in rural were protein intake more than RDA (p=0.003 OR=9.948), low physical activity (P=0.005 OR=22.094), high of SO2 exposure (P=0.005 OR=19.817) and bad sleep quality (P=0.007 OR=8.901) while adolescents in urban were protein intake more than RDA (p=0.001 OR=21.570), bad sleep quality (p=0.002 OR=16.550), high stress level (p=0.006 OR=15.922) and carbohydrate intake more than RDA (p=0.072 OR=5.044).Conclusion: Protein intake is the biggest determinant of the incidence of obesity in adolescents both in rural and urban areas.

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) reduces cholesterol and triglyceride in dyslipidemic male rats sprague–dawley model Rohman, Yulia; Nurudhin, Arief; Wardhani, Lusi Oka
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.80-87

Background: High-fat diets habit can lead to metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia which a significant contributor for cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidemia occurs as a result of metabolically interrelated abnormalities of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, including low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increasing of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. In order to enhance anti-lipid treatment, nutritional therapy containing bioactive compounds are investigated extensively, including those found in beetroot which shown potential in preventing and treating metabolic disorders.Objective: This study evaluated the effect of beetroot extract and beetroot juice on cholesterol and triglyceride levels as a dyslipidemia treatment, in comparison to simvastatin. Ethanol extract can attract flavonoids and betalain, but the extraction process can degrade fiber. Meanwhile, juice still contains quite a lot of fiber.Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and fed different diets for 56 days. The groups were: normal control (K0), negative control-HFD (KN), positive control-HFD + simvastatin (KP), single-dose treatment with BE (P1) or BJ (P2), and combination treatment with BE or BJ + simvastatin (P3 and P4), each intervention was given for 28 days. After blood drawn, cholesterol total and triglyceride serum were examined and analyzed.Results: Administration of beetroot extract and juice in single dose or combination with simvastatin gave a significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to before the intervention. The average reduction levels of cholesterol in P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 54.81, 56.31, 94.19 and 69.11 respectively. Whereas the average decreasing level of triglyceride were 43.28, 30.78, 54.28 and 46.37 in P1, P2, P3 and P4 groups. Combination treatment with simvastatin gave more reduction level compared with single dose beetroot extract or beetroot juice. The most effective reduction was in the beet extract combination with simvastatin group were -94.19±4.08 mg/dL (cholesterol) and -54.28±6.93 mg/dL (triglyceride).Conclusion: Both beetroot extract and juice, as single or combined with simvastatin, were able to decrease cholesterol and triglyceride levels, these indicated their potential for prevention and therapeutic in dyslipidemia. Further research is needed to investigate its mechanisms and establish optimal dosages for human consumption.

Protective roles of the red-dragon fruit peels (Hylocereus costaricensis) against the cigarette-smoke harmful effect in Wistar rats Ardhianditto, Decca; Murwani, Retno; Johan, Andrew; Ariyanto, Diaza Okadimar
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 1 (2023): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.1.1-8

Background: Many people are exposed to cigarette smoke unintentionally in numerous places worldwide. Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, nicotine, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are toxic and can trigger the production of free radicals in the body.Objective: To study the impact of cigarette-smoke exposure twice daily for 30 days on 4-5 weeks Rattus norvegicus L. without or with a daily intake of the juice or ethanol extract of the red-dragon fruit peels H. costaricensis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight 4-5 weeks old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into Control (not exposed to cigarette-smoke), exposed to cigarette-smoke only (Csmoke), exposed to cigarette-smoke and H. Costaricensis-peel juice (JcHc), exposed to cigarette-smoke and had H. Costaricensis-peel extract (ExHc). Cigarette-smoke exposure was given twice daily. The juice (3g/mL) and extract (3.15g/mL) were given for 30 days ad libitum. Feed and drink intake, body weight, and serum biochemistry (MDA, bilirubin, ALT and AST) were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA.Results: The positive control group with cigarette-smoke exposure (Csmoke) had a significant elevation in serum malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine-transaminase (ALT), and aspartate-transaminase (AST) and drinking water intake (p<0.05) but reduced feed intake and body weight (p<0.05). The JcHc and ExHc groups had reduced serum MDA, ALT, and AST and higher body weight and feed intake than the Csmoke, and the extract had a better reduction than the juice (p<0.05). Furthermore, the extract had a lower biochemical profile than the Control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The disturbance in serum MDA, ALT, AST, water and feed intake, and body weight by cigarette smoke was ameliorated by H. costaricensis peel juice or extract daily for 30 days. H. costaricensis peel juice or extract can be used to prevent the adverse effects of cigarette smoke exposure and has the potential to be developed into valuable products.

The sociodemographic factors on food insecurity among household living in disaster-prone area in Central Java, Indonesia Hastuti, Vivilia Niken; Afifah, Diana Nur; Sugianto, Denny Nugroho; Anjani, Gemala; Noer, Etika Ratna
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.136-142

Background: Demak, as a disaster-prone coastal area in Central Java, faces issues such as malnutrition and food insecurity due to the impacts of climate change. As a result of coastal disasters, vulnerable people in coastal areas often experience loss of livelihoods, limited access to nutritious food, and increased risk of malnutrition.Objective: The study aimed to analyze the association between household food security and household demographic factors in Central Java’s coastal areas.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 households living in the coastal area of Demak by simple random sampling. The socio-demographic characteristics were conducted by interviewing the mother/child caregiver. The degree of household food security (HFS) was obtained using the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis.Results: Based on HFS status, 49.3% of respondents were food secure, 26.1% were food insecure without hunger, 20.3% were food insecure with moderate hunger, and 4.3% were food insecure with severe hunger. There was significant correlation between father’s educational level, mother’s educational level, and monthly household income per month on the HFS status (p<0.05).Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors associated with household food security status were father's and mother's education and monthly household income (p<0.05). The potential negative impact of household food insecurity on the nutritional status of family members needs to be studied further, especially vulnerable age groups such as toddlers and mothers in the household.

Evaluation of the implementation stimulation, detection, and early intervention for toddlers growth and development in Nanggalo Health Center Azrimaidaliza, Azrimaidaliza; Resti, Resti; Helmizar, Helmizar
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.88-100

Background: The coverage of Stimulation, Detection, and Early Intervention for Toddler Growth and Development (SDIDTK) toddlers at the Nanggalo Health Center has not yet reached the national target. This is influenced by the low participation of mothers of toddlers at Integrated Service Posts (Posyandus). The proportion of toddlers weighed at Posyandus 14.90%.Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of the SDIDTK program at the Nanggalo Health Center to achieve the national target (90%).Materials and Methods: This type of qualitative research uses a systems approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document review. Twelve informants were selected in the working area of the Nanggalo Health Center based on purpose sampling. Data processing involves the triangulation of sources and techniques. Records of in-depth interview results were made in the form of transcripts and analyses and interpreted in the form of research results.Results: Based on the research results obtained, there is a manual for implementing SDIDTK but no SOP has been found. The number of implementing staff is sufficient, but the distribution of the workload is not yet effective and efficient. The funds available for community health center activities are sufficient, but there has been no allocation of special funds to support SDIDTK activities. The facilities and infrastructure supporting the program are inadequate. The implementation of detection and stimulation is still not per the guidelines for all toddlers in the Nanggalo Community Health Center working area. Early intervention has been carried out for toddlers who are detected to be experiencing growth and development disorders. Records are summarized in cohorts and reported every month to the Health Service. Monitoring and evaluation are carried out in stages, but they are still not going well.Conclusion: The implementation of the SDIDTK program at the Nanggalo Health Center is still not good. Obstacles in program implementation come in the form of data problems, a lack of infrastructure, limited staff time, low community participation, and a lack of support from across sectors.

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