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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 277 Documents
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Radiosensitivity Levels of In Vitro Cultured Celosia cristata Planlets by γ - Ray Irradiation Hayati, Dhieni; Aisyah, Syarifah Iis; -, Krisantini
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol 3 No 2 (2016): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (508.893 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.3.2.61-65

Abstract

Plantlets of the ornamental plant Celosia cristata were irradiated with gamma rays to increase their genetic diversity. This study was aimed to establish  the lethal levels of gamma radiation  (LD20, LD30 and LD50) for  C. cristata plantlets.   The irradiation doses used were 0, 25, 50 and 75 Gy. The growth of irradiated plantlets was evaluated to the third generation. Irradiated C. cristata MV1 plantlets showed a decrease in growth, with plantlets irradiated at 75 Gy showing only 30% survival.   Abnormal growth characteristics observed  in the  third generation plantlets included  the shortening of internodes, and curling of leaves.  LD50, LD30 and LD20 of C. cristata were 68.73 Gy, 46.68 Gy and 35.65 Gy, respectively.
Cloning and Characterization of P5CS1 and P5CS2 Genes from Saccharum officinarum L. under Drought Stress Iskandar, Hayati Minarsih; Widyaningrum, Dwiyantari; Suhandono, Sony
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol 1 No 1 (2014): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (512.987 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.1.1.23-30

Abstract

Increasing world sugar demand might be fulfilled with land extensification which include the use of dry area. Development of drought tolerance and high productivity sugarcane variety could be achieved  by plant genetic engineering. Under drought condition, proline will be accumulated and functioned as an osmoregulator in plant cells. ∆1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) is one of the important enzymes in proline biosynthesis.  This enzyme is encoded by P5CS gene family. We cloned two homologous P5CS genes from sugarcane,  SoP5CS1 (Accession Number : KF178299) and SoP5CS2 (Accession Number : KF178300), which encode 729 and 716 amino acid polypeptides. The identity between these two genes was 74% based on nucleotide sequences. The SoP5CS1 gene had 98% identity with SbP5CS1 (Accession Number : GQ377719.1) and SoP5CS2 had 99% identity with SaP5CS (Accession Number : EF113257.1). In this experiment, sugarcane plantlets  were exposed to medium containing PEG 6000 (40%) for 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Proline concentration was measured after treatment and genes expression were analyzed by real time-qPCR. The results showed that the proline concentration was increased 12 folds (9.8 umol.g-1) after 48-hours stress treatment. The highest expression of SoP5CS1 occured at 24-hours treatment with approximately 16 times from plant without PEG (control plant) and decreased gradually at 48 and 72 hours treatment. The highest expression of SoP5CS2 occured at 24-hours drought stress with approximately 3.6 folds compared to control. In drought treatment, the expression level SoP5CS1 was higher than SoP5CS2 and has increased significantly at 12-hours treatment. It is suggested that the SoP5CS1 gene contributes more significantly to the production of proline during drought stress than SoP5CS2. Hence, SoP5CS1 could potentialy be used as a marker to screen sugarcane variety for drought tolerance and for the development of transgenic plant tolerant to drought.Keywords: cloning, drought, expression, P5CS, sugarcane
Effect of Various Levels of NPK Fertilizer on the Yield Attributes of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Varieties Perkasa, Achmad Yozar; Utomo, Utomo; Widiatmoko, Teguh
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol 3 No 1 (2016): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (73.68 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.3.1.7-12

Abstract

Indonesian soybean production can only meet about 30% of national demand. Efforts to increase soybean production include the use of improved seed quality and fertilizer application. The aims of this research were to 1) examine the responses of six genotype soybeans to the application of different doses of NPK fertilizer; 2) determine the seed protein content of the six soybean genotypes following NPK application; 3) determine the interaction between soybean genotypes with NPK doses in affecting growth and yield. This research was conducted under a plastic house at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications using six soybean varieties and four levels NPK fertilizer. Soybean varieties tested were “L/S: B6-G1” (V1), “L/S:B6-G3” (V2), “L/S:B6-G4” (V3), “Grobogan” (V4), “Burangrang” (V5), and “Argomulyo” (V6). Four levels NPK fertilizer tested were: without fertilizer (N0), 0.6 g per plant (N1) 1.2 g per plant (N2), and 18.g per plant (N3), or 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg.ha-1. “L/S: B6-G1” had the greatest number of seeds per plant (184) following treatment with 300 kg.ha-1 of NPK. The seed protein content increased with the increase doses of NPK. “Argomulyo” treated with NPK at 300 kg.ha-1 had the highest seed protein content (34.5%). Soybean responses to NPK treatment differed with varieties, particularly in the number of fl owers per plant, number of seeds per plant, grain weight per plant and seed protein levels.
Correlations between Leaf Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and Leaf Chlorophyll, Anthocyanins and Carotenoids Content at Vegetative and Generative Stage of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygealina Del.) Betty Tjhia; Sandra Arifin Aziz; Ketty Suketi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 5 No. 1 (2018): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (648.936 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.5.1.25-33

Abstract

Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae) is a nutritional and medicinal plant that is used widely throughout tropical Africa and other countries. The leaves are proved to have strong antioxidant property. The concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, anthocyanins and carotenoids in five different leaf positions of vegetative and generative phases were studied. The aim of the study is to understand and to correlate the content of the three nutrients and the bioactive compounds along the five leaf positions at vegetative and generative stage of the crop growth. The study showed that the concentration of chlorophyll a and b was higher, and anthocyanin concentration was almost zero in the generative than in the vegetative stage. The leaf concentration of N, P, and K were higher in vegetative than in generative stage. At vegetative stage, N positively correlated with chlorophyll a at the 1st leaf; K had strong correlations with anthocyanins at the 2nd and 3rd leaf and with chlorophyll a at the 2nd and 5th, and with chlorophyll b and carotenoids at the 5th leaf. At the generative stage, P had a strong positive correlation with carotenoids at 4th and 5th leaves, and K positively correlated with chlorophyll a and b at 5th leaf. The findings suggest that bitter leaf is better to be harvested at vegetative stage, and that potassium level is important to increase ­anthocyanins and carotenoids content.
Production of Fruits and Leafy Vegetables Solanum nigrum Linn under Different Shade Levels Nani Yulianti; Edi Santosa; Anas Dinurrohman Susila
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 5 No. 2 (2018): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (557.531 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.5.2.64-72

Abstract

Fruits and young shoot of Solanum nigrum Linn are harvested and consumed as indigenous vegetables by different Indonesian ethnics. Preharvest factors and harvesting methods to maximize the quality of S. nigrum produce is still unknown. In this study S. nigrum was grown in full irradiance and under shading and assessed for their growth, and fruit and shoot yields. The experiment was conducted at the Leuwikopo Experimental Farm in Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia from April-July 2017. The results demonstrated that plants produced more fruits and shoots in full irradiance, i.e., 687.9 g and 211.1 g per plant, whereas only 331.1 g and 116.9 g per plant were produced in 50% shading. Although fruit and shoot production were superior under full irradiance, shoot-harvested plants had healthier leaves and life span of about 2 months longer thus facilitating longer availability. Canopy of shoot-harvested plants formed a columnar shape with 23 to 45 cm in height,  in contrast to spherical shape with 48 to 203 cm in height of the fruit-harvested plants. It is likely that shading level might contribute to farmers’ decision to harvest the shoots or fruits of S. nigrum. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of shading levels on nutritional quality of the shoots and fruits of S. nigrum.  Keywords: African nightshade, canopy architecture, harvesting method, indigenous vegetable, intercropping
Determination of Fertilizer Doses of Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) “Rancing” Ayu Puspita Ningrum; Suwarto Suwarto; Asep Setiawan
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 5 No. 2 (2018): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (344.424 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.5.2.55-63

Abstract

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potasium availability are the most thresholding factors for maximum growth and yield. The tuber yield of sweet potato varies depending on growing area therefore a fertilization program, especially in the type and the dose of the fertilizers, is required. This research was conducted in the Pasir Muncang experimental farm at Gadog, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The study site is located ±500 meters above sea levels, 6°39’31.90” south latitude and 106°52’7.77” east longitude. The experiment was started in May to September 2017. Multi nutrient response method was used for this study, and the interpretation of the results was used to develop fertilizer recommendations using single-nutrient quadratic model. The recommendation was determined using N, P2O5, K2O fertilizer response curve, where the first recommendation was calculated from the maximum relative yield,and the second, third, and fourth recommendation were determined from N, P2O5, K2O threshold. Each treatment for N, P and K was evaluated with different level of fertilizer dose using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The fertilizer doses were 50, 100, 150 and 200% from reference (100% N = 100 kg N ha-1, 100% P = 75 kg P2O5 ha-1, dan 100% K = 100 kg K2O ha-1). Relative yield of sweet potato (y), response to fertilizer (x) had improvement quadratically with equation y = -0.0017x2 + 0.538x + 40.035 for N, y = -0.0041x2 + 0.8595x + 38.211 for P2O5, and y = -0.0025x2 + 0.4318x + 73.377 for K2O. The optimized dose of fertilizer to get maximum yield of sweet potato tuber is 158.23 kg ha-1 of N, 78.60 kg ha-1 of P2O5, and 83.60 kg ha-1 K2O, or 343.97 kg ha-1 of Urea,  218.53 kg ha-1 of SP36 139.33 kg ha-1 of KCl.Keywords: multi nutrient response, nitrogen, relative yield, phosphorus, potassium
Photoautotrophic System: A Review and Potential Application for Plant Propagation In Vitro Krisantini Krisantini; Ni Made Armini Wiendi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 5 No. 2 (2018): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (256.007 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.5.2.73-78

Abstract

AbstractThe standard method of in vitro plant micro propagation uses of tightly closed culture bottles using agar media containing macro and micro nutrients and sucrose as a source of carbon for the explants. The closed bottle culture is usually kept in a temperature and light controlled environment which is lower and of different quality from the natural sunlight, resulting in high relative humidity and no air exchange inside the bottles.  Explants produced in vitro have malfunctioned stomata, undeveloped cuticles and lower leaf chlorophyll levels, and hyper hydration of the plantlets. Photoautotrophic tissue culture is micro propagation without or with a reduced sugar level in the culture media, so the growth or accumulation of carbohydrates of the explants is dependent fully upon photosynthesis and inorganic nutrient uptake. This method is usually combined with ventilation or CO2 enrichment, and recently, with incorporating porous materials such as vermiculite, gum or paper pulp to the agar media to promote better root system of the explants. This article discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the photoautotrophic micro propagation compared to the standard micro propagation methods, and provided the results of the photo autotrophic micro propagation studies conducted at Laboratory of Tissue Culture II of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.
In Vitro Mutagenesis of Etlingera elatior by Gamma Ray Intermittent Irradiation Azzahra, Elmi Irmayanti; Aisyah, Syarifah Iis; Dinarti, Diny; Krisantini, Krisantini
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol 5 No 3 (2018): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (665.45 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.5.3.111-118

Abstract

Etlingera elatior is tropical ornamental plant commonly called “torch ginger” from Zingiberaceae family. Conventional breeding of E. elatior is limited by cross incompatibility, poor fruit set and low seed production.  In this study irradiation of E. elatior with Gamma ray performed to induce mutation. This study was aimed to increase morphological diversity and to obtain unique morphological characters to increase the aesthetic value of E. elatior as ornamental plants and cut flower. Two genotypes of E. elatior, red and white flowers, were tested. The LD20, LD35, and LD50 were determined following intermittent (split dose) Gamma irradiation with a two-hour gap between each gamma ray shot. Red genotype E. elatior explants were irradiated with dose of 3 + 3 Gy (LD20); 4 + 4 Gy (LD35) and 5 + 5 Gy (LD50); white genotype were irradiated with a dose of 2 + 2 Gy (LD20); 2.8 + 2.8 Gy (LD35) and 3.7 + 3.7 Gy (LD50). Non-irradiated explants were set as control.  The results of this study indicated that the increase in dose of gamma ray irradiation changed shoot length and number of leaves in the red genotype per explant as compared to control. Morphological changes occurred in leaf shape at 5 + 5 Gy and 3.7 + 3.7 Gy and formation of variegated leaves at 2.8 + 2.8 Gy and 5 + 5 Gy. Keywords: mutation breeding, ornamental plant, split irradiation dose, torch ginger, Zingiberaceae
Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Local and National Aromatic Rice Varieties in Indonesia Chairunnisak, Chairunnisak; Sugiyanta, Sugiyanta; Santosa, Edi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol 5 No 3 (2018): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (991.374 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.5.3.79-88

Abstract

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a necessitate in order to enhance sustainable rice farming in Indonesia. Thus, objective of present research was to evaluate NUE of local and national Indonesian superior aromatic rice treated with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N). Planting plot was arranged using five levels of N as the main plot, i.e; 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1; and two rice varieties as subplot, i.e: Sigupai Abdya (local) and Inpari 23 Bantul (national). The results showed application 180 kg N ha-1 to Sigupai  Abdya significantly increased the plant height. However, it also postponed the flowering time. Inpari 23 Bantul treated with 180 kg N ha-1 produced the highest number of tillers. Combination of 90 kg N ha-1 with Sigupai Abdya variety significantly reduced the number of empty grains. Sigupai Abdya variety has a higher number of grains per panicle and sampling plot yield than Inpari 23 Bantul, and  dosage 90 kg N ha-1 increases grain yield per clump also sampling plot yield significantly. Nitrogen at 180 kg N ha-1 made Sigupai Abdya variety has high N content and absorption N in primordia phase, and the Inpari 23 Bantul variety had grain with high N content. Nitrogen at 90 kg ha-1 caused Sigupai Abdya variety at primordia phase had NUE higher than Inpari 23 Bantul. This study showed that local variety Sigupai Abdya is suitable for development as rice with low input NKeywords: Aceh aromatic, low input, nitrogen dose, N uptake, Oryza sativa L. 
Somatic Embryogenesis of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) As Affected by Culture Media and Composition of Plant Growth Regulators Furqoni, Hafith; Efendi, Darda
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol 5 No 3 (2018): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (170.355 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.5.3.119-125

Abstract

Conventional production of melon hybrid seeds requires a long time. Propagation through plant tissue culture can be an alternative method to produce hybrid melon seedlings in order to fulfill the high demand for uniform seedlings. Our current study was aimed to determine the type of propagation media and the best concentration of picloram for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in melon from young seed explants. The study was expanded to examine the effective concentrations of two of auxins, 2-4 D and NAA, combined with BAP to induce somatic embryogenesis in melon using hypocotyl explants. The experiment was conducted at Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first experiment tested three types of planting media (MS, B5, and WPM) and four levels of picloram concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg.L-1). The second experiment tested auxin (2,4-D and NAA) concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg.L-1 and two BAP concentrations, 0 and 1 mg.L-1. The first study showed that no somatic embryos were formed with the media types and picloram concentration tested; the seeds, however, germinated and formed callus. In the second study, there was an interaction between concentration levels of auxin (2,4-D and NAA) and BAP on induction of somatic embryos using hypocotyl explants. Somatic embryo formation can be induced with treatment of 1 mg.L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg.L-1 BAP and 2 mg.L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg.L-1 BAP. The highest yield of embryos formation was with the treatment of 1 mg.L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg.L-1 BAP at 0.53 embryos per explant. Keywords: embryogenesis, tissue culture media, melon, Picloram, 2,4 D, BAP

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