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Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : - EISSN : 25982370 DOI : -

Core Subject : Education, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Education

BIOMA (ISSN 1410-8801) adalah Majalah Ilmiah Biologi yang bertujuan mewadahi semua informasi hasil penelitian, telaah pustaka, makalah teknis, dan kajian buku, dari berbagai cabang ilmu Biologi. Diharapkan penerbitan ini dapat berkontribusi dalam penyampaian informasi ilmiah yang merupakan mata rantai proses kegiatan ilmiah. Terbit sejak tahun 1999.

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Articles 318 Documents

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Etnoekologi Masyarakat Samin Kudus Jawa Tengah Jumari, Jumari; Setiadi, Dede; Purwanto, Y; Guhardja, Edi
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14, No.1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The study of the ethnoecology of Samin Society in Kudus been conducted in March 2011 to August 2011. The aim of this study was to review and document local knowledge of of Samin Society about their views of the environment. The location is Larikrejo and Kaliyoso villages, Undaan District, Regency of Kudus. Data collection techniques with direct field observation, open interviews (open ended), structured interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions (FGD). Results of research on local resource management in communities samin illustrated on describtif phenomenology. Theirs traditional knowledge about the environment is reflected in the form of land use management systems. Environmental unit and production activities such as: rice fields, yards, dry field, swamps, embung and rivers. Samin community interaction with the environment is very strong, like wong (humans) with sandang pangan (food and clothing), or like living with a livelihood. Society's view of land interests change with the change of environmental conditions and their knowledge level.Â Key word: Ethoecology, local knowledge, Samin Society, view of invironment, environmental unit

Fluktuasi Populasi Walang Sangit Leptocorisa oratorius F. (Hemiptera : Alydidae) Pada Komunitas Padi Di Dusun Kepitu, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Pratimi, Anita -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 13, No. 2, Tahun 2011
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Research on population fluctuation of rice bug L. oratorius on paddy community using Situ Bagendit,Ciherang and IR64 rice varieties in Kepitu Village, Sleman was done. This experiment was conducted in April 2011to July 2011 in the paddy community Kepitu Village, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The objectives of theresearch was to predict the population fluctuation of rice bug pest in rice crops in paddy community Kepitu Village,Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta with a special approach using correlogram analysis.The purposive sampling technique was used in this research. Rice terraces of the sampling unit were plotted inrice varieties of Situ Bagendit, Ciherang and IR64 respectively. Rice bug was counted in series of periodical time(every three days). Total number of rice bug per m2 was used for determining the serial correlation coefficient (rs)and the variance of log population density at time t and t +1 (log Nt and log Nt+1) for every three days (t).The valueof rs was associated with s in correlogram. Fluctuation population of the rice bug determined through concistencyperiodicity and amplitude curve of the correlogram. The population distribution pattern was identified by means theratio between variance and the average of total number of rice bug.The result showed that the population fluctuation of rice bug was predicted by the migration, from thereservoir to rice crop and vice versa. The plots which were adjacent to refuge protected from insecticide sprays havehigher abundance of rice bug than the plots which were located far from the refuge. Based on the correlationcoefficient, the population fluctuation of Situ Bagendit riceâ€™s plots has an oscillation trend. The corellogram curveshowed exogenous and irregular type. In the plots planted with Ciherang rice, the pop fluctuation was alsoexperience oscillations with corellogram curve shapes, it indicates endogenous and exogenous type with an irregularperiodicity. In the plots planted with IR64 rice, oscillation occur with the endogenous corellogram curve with nonstationaryand non-periodict type. The pattern of population distribution of rice bug in Kepitu Village was aclustered distribution.

Kemelimpahan Jenis Gulma Tanaman Wortel pada Sistem Pertanian Organik Utami, Sri -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 11, No. 2, Tahun 2009
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Gulma merupakan tumbuhan alami yang mengganggu tanaman budidaya. Keberadaan gulma yang dibiarkantumbuh pada tanaman budidaya akan menurunkan hasil panen. Penurunan hasil panen oleh gulma disebabkanadanya kompetisi yang terjadi antara gulma dengan tanaman budidaya.. Didalam upaya meningkatkan produksipertanian, umumnya petani menggunakan berbagai bahan agrokimia, bahan ini akan menyebabkan lingkunganmenjadi rusak. Agar lingkungan tetap terpelihara baik digunakan sistem pertanian organik yaitu suatu sistempertanian tanpa menggunakan bahan kimia yang bisa meracuni lingkungan. Salah satu jenis tanaman sayur yangbanyak dibudidayakan adalah tanaman wortel. Wortel sangat diperlukan karena banyak mengandung vitamin yangsangat bermanfaat untuk kesehatan manusia. Gulma yang tumbuh di lahan wortel dapat menurunkan produksiwortel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis gulma wortel dan kemelimpahannya pada sistempertanian organik. Lahan yang ditanami wortel gulmanya dibiarkan tumbuh sampai umur 3 bulan. . Dilakukan 4macam perlakuan pemupukan organik yaitu pupuk kandang, pupuk hijau, EM-4 dan tanpa dipupuk Dilakukansampling gulma dengan mencatat jenis-jenis gulma dan menghitung jumlah individunya. Plot yang digunakanberukuran 1 m x 1 m, dan dilakukan 3 kali ulangan. Dilakukan juga pengukuran faktor lingkungan. Dari hasilpenelitian diperoleh gulma yang dominan dan kemelimpahannya tinggi pada semua perlakuan adalah Drymariavillosa dan Vernonea cinerea. Jumlah individu gulma paling tinggi didapatkan pada lahan yang dipupuk denganpupuk kandang, sedang paling rendah pada lahan tanpa dipupuk.

Struktur Komunitas Fitoplankton sebagai Dasar Pengelolaan Kualitas Perairan Pantai Mangrove di Tapak Tugurejo Semarang Lathifah, Nurul; Hidayat, Jafron Wasiq; Muhammad, Fuad
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 19, No. 2, Tahun 2017
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Phytoplankton has of important role in water as of base of the food chain this is also can service a bioindicator the pollution of waters. This study aims to assess the phytoplankton community structure in Tapak Semarang, assessing the level of fertility of inshore mangrove community, and to assess the water quality of inshore. Samples were take in is in the mangrove region of Tapak Semarang. This study was conducted in May 2016 (rain season) and in September 2016 (dry season). Selection of the stations were based on different environmental conditions in the research include the pond and public waters in the waters of coastal mangrove the soles of Semarang. Analysis of index diversity, index evennes and index saprobik. The results showed that the spesies of phytoplankton obtained during the study on mangrove coastal waters Tapak Tugurejo Semarang were 13 species (rainy season) and 25 species (dry season). The most common species of phytoplankton found in all stations wereCerataulina bergonii, Nitzhcia sp, Rhizosolenia spp, Synedra ulna, Netrium digitus, Gloeotrichia echinulata, and Oscillatoria Formosa. Index of species diversity (Hâ€™) that exist in mangrove coastal waters Tapak Tugurejo Semarang were in the range of 0.73 to 1.95 low to moderate with low to moderate quality of stabilities during the rainy season. Mean while in the dry season of high species diversity index in the range of 2.24 to 2.82 which indicated stability of the ecosystem was low to moderate. The value of evennes index (e) ranged from 0.66 to 0.97 during the rainy season, and 0.90 to 0.94 in the dry seasons these indices illustrated that each station has a moderate to high similaritas. In term of saprobitas level it was at Oligosaprobik state to Î²-Meso/Oligosaprobik describe very mild to light polluted. The quality of mangrove coastal waters based DO, temperature, salinity and pH are still good for fish farming.Â Keywords: community structure, phytoplankton, Tapak, Tugurejo, Semarang..Â

Potensi Cangkang Udang Laut (Penaeus monodon F.) Terhadap Profil Lipid Tikus Putih Hiperlipidemia Isdadiyanto, Sri
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 17, No.1, Tahun 2015
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The objective of this study was to analyze the potency of sea shrimp carapace (Penaeus monodon F.) on lipid profiles of Sprague Dawley rats induced by high fat ration. The animals for this study were twenty adult male rats divided into four groups, i.e. group I as the control was fed with basal ration containing normal fat for 3 months, group II was fed ration containing high fat for 3 months, group III was fed ration containing high fat and given sea shrimp carapace 180 mg per kg body weight per day orally in 2 ml aquadest for 3 months, group IV was fed ration containing high fat for 3 months and after 1 month given sea shrimp carapace 180 mg per kg body weight per day orally in 2 ml aquadest for 2 months. Each group consisted of five animals. After 90 days, the rats were necropsied and the blood were collected to analyzes lipid profiles. Lipid profiles were measured using colorimetric enzymatic method and Roche/Hitachi cobas c systems automatically calculate. Â The difference between treatments was statistical analysis by Anava, and continued by Lowest Significant Difference Test to locate the difference. The result showed that high fat diet decreased HDL level, but increased total cholesterol level and LDL level. Sea shrimp carapace increased HDL but decreased total cholesterol level and LDL level in rats by high fat induction. Â Keywords: Sea shrimp carapace, Sprague Dawley rats, lipid profiles

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol dan Etil Asetat Batang Tanaman Brotowali (Tinospora crispa, L. Miers) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli Enteropatogenik (EPEC) Penyebab Penyakit Diare Fathmah, Ema Nuzula; Pujiyanto, Sri; Raharjo, Budi
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 21, No 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Diarrheal diseases is an endemic desease in Indonesia and potential desease of Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) which often leads to death. Enteropatogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is one of pathogenic bacteria which can cause diarrhea. Brotowali plant (Tinospora crispa, L. Miers) is one of traditional medicinal plants which is widely used to treat various diseases and and relatively have no side effects than chemical drugs. he purpose of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of Brotowali (Tinospora crispa, L. Miers) stems ethanol and ethyl acetate extract in inhibiting the growth of EPEC bacteria causing diarrheal disease. Brotowali extract was obtained by maceration method using ethanol and ethyl acetate solvent. The condensed extract obtained was dissolved in DMSO 100% until the concentration of the extract to 20%; 40% and 60%. Test of antibacterial activity used diffusion method using paperdisk. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extract of brotowali stems were each tested on EPEC bacteria. The results in this study are the inhibition zone on ethanol and ethyl acetate extract stem of brotowali plant to EPEC bacteria. The antibacterial activity of brotowali stem ethanol extract at 60% concentration showed the best effect compared to the concentration of 20% and 40%. The antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract of brotowali stem was as good at concentration of 20%; 40% and 60%. The antibacterial activity of brotowali stem ethyl acetate extract showed better results than brotowali stem ethanol extract

Struktur Komunitas Mesofauna Tanah dan Kapasitas Infiltrasi Air setelah diberi Perlakuan Biostarter Pengurai Bahan Organik Andriani, Latifah Fitria; Rahadian, Rully; Hadi, Mochamad
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 15, No.2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Research about the biostarter application on the biopori concept through parameter of soil mesofauna community structure and water infiltration capacity was aimed to investigate the effect of biostarter product on soil mesofauna community structure and water infiltration rate at Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB) aged 30 days and 50 days, also the correlation between mesofauna community structure and soil infiltration capacity. This study uses a single factor completely randomized design, which has 5 treatments including control, EM4, Bioklin, Mig Dec, and Orgadec. The results showed that the addition of biostarter affects soil mesofauna community structure, particularly positive effect on the abundance of Oribatida and Mesostigmata. Products Orgadec was able to increase faster the abundance of mesofauna both at the age of LRB 30 days and 50 days, whereas Mig Dec and EM4 starting to show its influence on the LRB after 50 days. Infiltration rate LRB age of 30 days showed a significant difference in treatment of Orgadec only, whereas at the age of 50 days, the significant difference is indicated in the treatment EM4â€‹â€‹, Mig Dec and Orgadec. Based on the Spearman correlation test, the total number of individuals and number of Oribatida. Both showed significant positive correlation with the infiltration rate. Â Keywords: biostarter, community structure, soil mesofauna, infiltration rate, LR

Jenis-Jenis Lichen Di Kampus Undip Semarang Murningsih, Murningsih; Mafazaa, Husna
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 18, No.1, Tahun 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Lichen is a symbion organism which own huge positive effect over environment. Lichen is formed by a symbiosis between fungi (mikobiont) from Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, and alga (fikobiont) from Cyanobacteria or Chlorophyceae. Corticolous lichens lives as an epiphyte in substrate of skin branches. It grows in Diponegoro University (Undip) campus area where a lot of shaded trees can be found as the substrate. The research aimed to define the names of lichen in Undip area by using purposive random sampling. The sampling was found in four locations: 1. Eastern of green boulevard, in front of Farm Faculty; 2. Western of green boulevard, in front of Medical Plants Biology building; 3. Northern of green boulevard, next to Economic and Business Faculty; 4. Green Boulevard as a main road, in front of Engineering Faculty. The research encountered 7 families of lichen which are Graphis scripta, Â Graphis sp. (Family of Graphidaceae), Lepraria sp. (Family of Leprariaceae), Dirinaria applanata, Dirinaria picta, Dirinaria sp., (Family of Physciaceae), Caloplaca sp. (Family of Caloplacaceae), Parmelia sp., Parmelia sulcata (Family of Parmeliaceae), Lecanora sp. (Family of Lecanoraceae), Arthonia sp. (Family of Arthoniaceae). The lichens are in groups of talus types: foliose and crustose.Â Keywords: names of lichen, talus types, Undip

Perubahan Struktur Pembuluh Xilem Akar Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) dan Gliricidia sepium pada Cekaman Kekeringan Prihastanti, Erma -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 12, No. 1, Tahun 2010
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Supply of water into leaves depends on the existence of water in xylem. Root system of plants will be affectedfirst if the plants exposed to stress of water shortage. The structure of xylem vessels is an important factor indetermining the presence of embolism induced by drought and varies from one type to another. Research on cocoaagroforestry tree Gliricidia sepium is used as cover crops. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in thestructure of xylem vessels including area ratio, diameter and hole diameter of cacao root xylem vessels and G.Sepium in drought conditions.Drought stress on the cacao tree and G.sepium performed using EFT systems (throughfall displacementexperiment), which runs from February 2007 - February 2008. Cacao tree used in this study was 5 years old, while6-year-old G.sepium tree. Location of the experiment were divided into six plots comprising three control plots andthree plots roofing. Each plot was taken six and three cacao trees G.sepium tree, where each tree root system wastaken three pieces with diameters of 3-5 mm at 20 cm soil depth.Research results showed that drought stress during 13 months did not affect xylem area ratio, diameter ofxylem cells and xylem vessels, root diameter hole and G.sepium cocoa. However, structural information can beobtained from the root xylem of cocoa have a cell - more xylem cells and pore holes smaller than the root G.sepium.This is shown by the average ratio of the area with an overall area of the root xylem (k) on cocoa roots are Â± 0.70while in the root G.sepium Â± 0.49. Average diameter of the root xylem cells cocoa Â± 1 Î¼ in diameter, length 50-10Î¼m Â± vessels and vessel diameter hole Â± 0.25 Î¼. Meanwhile root xylem cells G.sepium shows average diameter ofthe root xylem cells is 1-3 Î¼, Â± 15-25 Î¼ long vessels and vessels holes Â± 0.5 Î¼ rang

Ciri Morfologi Polen Dan Spora Tumbuhan Dari Sedimen Rawa Jombor Klaten Sarah, Solifa; Agung Suedy, Sri Widodo; Hastuti, Endah Dwi
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 19, No. 1, Tahun 2017
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The Marsh of Jombor Klaten is a natural swamp that was once small swamps surrounded by villages and hills located in the lower mainland and serves to hold rainwater. Environmental has changed from the lowlands into the aquatic environmentand the more widespread the diversity of types of flora around the Swamp Jombor has been changed.The diversity of types of flora can be known through the morphology of the pollen and spores. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity of plant species based on morphology of pollen and spores found in Swamp sediment Jombor. Sampling is done by drilling sedimentary soil clays Swamp Jombor on three points with the first location code RWJ (3) at a depth of 2 m situated around the keramba, the second code RWJ (4) at a depth of 1.5 m, and third code RWJ (5) at a depth of 0.35 m located around the inlet.The sample preparation using method asetolisis, then morphological characteristics observed pollen and spores. Calculated the number of each type of pollen and spores.The data obtained were analyzed using pollen and spore morphology of description. The data obtained were analyzed using pollen morphology characteristics and description of the spores found in the swamp Jombor. The results showed that the morphology of the pollen and spores found in Swamp sediment Jombor has a variation of shapes and sizes. The flora type obtained from the sediments Swamp Jombor as much as 28 type, including 8 typearboreal pollen (AP), 9 typenon arboreal pollen (NAP), and 11 type of spores. Types of flora that dominates is the NAP family Gramineae (80,10%) which indicates the plant a tree instead of in the form of shrubs or herbaceous were more developed in marsh of Jomborenvironment.Â Keywords: Jombor, morphology, pollen, spore, diversity.

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