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Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

bioma
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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : - EISSN : 25982370 DOI : -

Core Subject : Education, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Education

BIOMA (ISSN 1410-8801) adalah Majalah Ilmiah Biologi yang bertujuan mewadahi semua informasi hasil penelitian, telaah pustaka, makalah teknis, dan kajian buku, dari berbagai cabang ilmu Biologi. Diharapkan penerbitan ini dapat berkontribusi dalam penyampaian informasi ilmiah yang merupakan mata rantai proses kegiatan ilmiah. Terbit sejak tahun 1999.

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Articles 318 Documents

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Profil Kolestrol Darah Tikus Setelah Pemberian Virgin Coconut Oil Dan Minyak Zaitun Djaelani, Muhammad Anwar
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 17, No.2, Tahun 2015
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Tingginya kadar kolestrol dalam tubuh menjadi pemicu munculnya berbagai penyakit. Masyarakat berusaha menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam tubuhnya. Komponen VCO berupa asam lemak jenuh sekitar 90% dan asam lemak tak jenuh sekitar 10%. Asam lemak jenuh VCO didominasi oleh asam laurat. VCO mengandungÂ asam laurat dan asam kaprilat. Keduanya merupakan asam lemak rantai sedang yang biasa disebut Medium Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA). Â Minyak zaitun atau Olive oil mengandung lemak tak jenuh yang tinggi terutama asam oleat dan polifenol. Polifenol merupakanÂ antioksidanÂ yangÂ dapatÂ mengikat LDL teroksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek asam lemak jenuh yang menggunakan VCO dan efek asam lemak tak jenuh yang menggunakan minyak zaitun terhadap profil kolesterol darah pada tikus putih. Penelitian ini menggunakan Tikus putih jantan sebanyak 25 ekor yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu P1 adalah kelompok kontrol, P2 kelompok yang diberi VCO 5 mL/kg pakan, P3 kelompok yang diberi VCO 10 mL/kg pakan, P4 kelompok yang diberi minyak zaitun 5 mL/kg pakan dan P5 kelompok yang diberi minyak zaitun 10 mL/kg pakan. Tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Perlakuan selama 4 minggu. Variabel yang diamati meliputi kadar Kolesterol total, HDL dan LDL darah tikus. Data yang didapat, dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan pada perlakuanÂ dengan VCO menunjukkan pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap perubahan ketiga variabel penelitian. Pada perlakuanÂ dengan minyak zaitun kadar HDL tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan, kadar Kolesterol total pada kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan penurununan yang tidak signifikan dan kadar LDL pada kelompok perlakuan 10 mL/kg pakan menunjukkan penurununan yang signifikan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian VCO tidak berpengaruh pada profil kolestrol darah tikus normolipidemia, dan minyak zaitunÂ berpotensi menimbulkan respon penurunan profil kolesterol tikus pada kadar â‰¥10 mL/kg pakan. Â Kata kunci: tikus putih, Kolesterol total, HDL dan LDL, Minyak Zaitun, VCO.

Aktifitas Inhibitor Alpha-Glukosidase Bakteri Endofit PR-3 yang Diisolasi dari Tanaman Pare (momordica charantia) Pujiyanto, Sri -; Ferniah, Rejeki Siti
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 12, No. 1, Tahun 2010
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Some traditional medicinal plants are known to have efficacy as a medicine for diabetes. Active compoundsproduced by a plant can be derived from endophytic microbes that live in these plants. One way diabetes drugs workis to prevent digestion of complex carbohydrates into glucose so that glucose intake is reduced. Alpha-glucosidaseinhibitor is a compound that can prevent the digestion of carbohydrates, especially starch into glucose. This studyaimed to test the inhibitory activity of alpha gluosidase PR-3 isolate, an endophytic bacteria from Momordicacharantia. The results showed that the crude extract (supernatant) from PR-3 has the capability of the enzyme alphaglucosidase inhibition that is equal to 61.2% compared with positive control compound acarbose 1 mg / ml. Theresults also showed that the use of maltose as carbon source produce the highest an alpha glucosidase inhibitor(54,97%), followed by the starch (47.77%), glucose (31.97%), fructose (44.14%) and sucrose (27.7%).

Penggunaan Substrat Glukosa Berbagai Konsentrasi sebagaiSumber Karbon Microbial Fuel Cell Saccharomyces cerevisiae untuk Menghasilkan Energi Listrik Nurhakim, Muhammad Amal; Kusdiyantini, Endang; Raharjo, Budi
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 18, No.2, Tahun 2016
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The increases of human growth causes electrical energy demandâ€™s expantion while the supply decreases drastically. Energy crisis had triggeredalternative renewable energy sourcesdevelopmentto substitutethe use ofoil that had beenmain energy resources for the people. Microorganisms utilization is used to produce electrical by researchers these years as an effort to actualize the goals. The system used is microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology which utilize metabolism activity from microorganisms to produce electrical energy. Microorganismswill perform metabolism bybreaking down glucose into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).Hydrogen has a role as raw material that used in reduction reaction with oxygen until it releases electron in anoda as electrical flows source. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an example microorganisms that can utilize for produce electrical energy. This research aims toÂ find optimal concentration for glucose as a carbon source in microbial fuel cell Saccharomyces cerevisiaeto form electrical energy. This research use S. cerevisiae as microorganisms and variation of glucose concentration as a carbon source. Parameters measured in this study is the voltage (mV) and current (mA). Researchâ€™s result shows that glucose in 10 % (w/v) concentrate forms higher results in voltage (mV) and current (mA) compare to glucose with 20% (w/v) concentrate and in the concentrate of 30% (w/v) which values each 561,833 mV and 105,133 mA. Analysis of variance with level of confidence 95% shows glucose concentrates donâ€™t react significantly voltage but react significantly on current. Tukey HSDâ€™s test show significant different between current that was formed by glucose in the concentrate of 10% (w/v) compared to glucose in the concentrate of 20% (w/v) and 30% (w/v).Keywords : Saccharomyces cerevisiae, microbial fuel cell (MFC), glucose, electrical energy

Uji Ketahanan Bakteri Dehalogenasi pada Subtrat Herbisida KMCPA Formula. Hayati, Nur -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 10, No. 1, Tahun 2008
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Herbisida 2-metil-4-klor fenoksi asetat formula (KMCPA) merupakan salah satu jenis herbisida yang toksikdan tahan di tanah sampai 1 tahun. Stabilitas dan toksisitas KMCPA mengakibatkan senyawa ini berpotensi sebagaipolutan. Polutan yang masuk ke tanah dan badan air sangat berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Mikrobia memilikiserangkaian enzim yang dapat mengakatalisis senyawa toksik ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan isolatbakteri dehalogenasi dan untuk menguji ketahanan isolat dalam menggunakan KMCPA sebagai sumber karbondengan variasi konsentrasi 1,1 g/L; 2,2 g/L; 3,3 g/L . Parameter yang diamati adalah uji kualitatif pada tahapskrining menggunakan medium minimal Solution base salt (SBS) dan indikator BTB dan pengamatan kurvapertumbuhan berdasarkan pertambahan biomassa yanag diukur dengan spektrofotometer pada l = 600 nm. Isolatyang tahan sampai dosis 3 kali aplikasi di lapangan ( 3,3 g/L) adalah isolat M, sedangkan isolat P1, P2, P3; B1, B2,B3 tidak tahan terhadap KMCPA dengan dosis 3 kali dosis aplikasi di lapangan tidak dilanjutkan . Isolat Mdiharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai agen pembersih lingkungan namun konsentrasi KMCPA yang digunakansebaiknya tidak lebih dari 1,1 g/L.

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Endofit Pelarut Fosfat dan Penghasil Hidrogen Cyanide (HCN) dari Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L). Wandita, Ryan Hilda; Pujiyanto, Sri; Suprihadi, Agung; Hastuti, Ratih Dewi
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 20, No. 1, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Onions (Allium cepa L.) is one of the leading horticultural commodities in Indonesia and is often used as seasoning and traditional medicine. Onion has a high economic value and fluctuating prices so that domestic onion production needs to be improved, one of them with a presence of endophytic bacteria that act as plant growth promoting agent or Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Endophytic bacteria isolated from the root, leaves, and bulbs. In this research has been tested endophytic bacteria of onion plants from Garut regency which has PGPB factors such as able to dissolve phosphate, and produce HCN. The results obtained 251 isolates of endophytic bacteria. Based on the characterization results, the superior isolates capable of dissolving phosphate with an average diameter of 0.45 cm is isolate II.B.1D.3, and 11 isolates capable of producing high HCN. These isolates can be used as PGPB agents so that they can be useful in increasing plant growth and onion production and biocontrol in suppressing pathogens.Â Keywords: PGPB, endophyte, onion, phosphate, HCN

Biokonsentrasi Faktor Logam Berat Pb, Cd, Cr dan Cu pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) di Karamba Danau Rawa Pening Hidayah, Anny Miftakhul; Purwanto, Purwanto; Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 16, No.1, Tahun 2014
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Lake Rawapening has potential as an aquaculture development especially for caged aquaculture activities. Water quality is one of the important requirements in aquaculture bussiness sustainability and safe fish production for human consumption. Previous researches showed that the cage regions of Lake Rawapening have decreased its water quality in the presence of heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu in water, sediment and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.). This research aimed to determine the value of bio-concentration factors of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) which is cultured in cages Lake Rawapening and maximum daily consumption of tilapia thatÂ is safe for human consumption. Sampling was done by purposive random sampling at three cages stations. The results showed that the highest BCF values of heavy metals in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) was on Cu 146-172, while the lowest metal on Cd metal 1.25-2. According to the category of the BCF rate, Cu was categorized as moderately accumulated, whereas Pb, Cd, and Cr were categorized as low accumulated.Â so that farmed tilapia cages are suitable for consumption. Daily consumption of farmed tilapia in Lake Rawapening was maximum 1,4 kg/dayÂ Keywords: Lake Rawapening, heavy metals, tilapia, BCF .

Struktur Mikroanatomi Testis Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Setelah Pemberian Teh Kombucha Konsentrasi 75% Waktu Fermentasi 6, 9 Dan 12 Hari Isdadiyanto, Sri; Tana, Silvana
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 21, No 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The objective of this study was to analyze the testicular microanatomy structure of Rattus norvegicus after treatment by 75% kombucha tea with variation of fermentation time. Sixteen male of rats, 2 months of age were used as experimental animals treated with kombucha tea that had been fermented for 6, 9 and 12 days at the temperature of 25oC per oral. This research was using completely randomized design with 4 treatment (for 4 weeks) and 4 replications, namely: P0 = control, without of kombucha tea, P1 = water + 1,8 ml kombucha tea that had been fermented for 6 days in the morning and afternoon, P2 = water + 1,8 ml kombucha tea that had been fermented for 9 days in morning and afternoon, P3 = water + 1,8 ml kombucha tea that had been fermented for 12 days in morning and afternoon. The variables measured were seminiferous tubule diameter and Leydig cell counts. Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Duncan test at 95% confidence level were performed using SPSS version 16,0. The results showed that kombucha tea decreased the diameter of the seminiferous tubule, showing the potention of spermatogenesis disturbance, but did not affect Leydig cell counts of Rattus norvegicus

Fosil Polen Mangrove Berumur Pliosen Dari Formasi Tapak Daerah Kedung Randu, Banyumas Agung Suedy, Sri Widodo; Muhadiono, Muhadiono; Sabiham, Supiandi; Qoyim, Ibnul
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14, No.1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Thirty sediment samples had been taken from the Tapak Formation of Kedung Randu areas, Banyumas, to reconstruct the diversity of mangrove flora from this area the past. This samples were processed for palynological slides used standard palynology preparation method. The microscopic identification of palynomorphs were done to identify taxa of paleoflora. Fifty-six types of pollen and spores fossils had been identified and 22 types were mangrove pollen-spores fossils. This fossils could be grouped into major mangrove (Zonocostites ramonae/Rhizophora type, Spinizonocolpites echinatus/Nypa fruticans, Florschuetzia levipoli/Soneratia caseolaris and Avicennia type); group of minor mangrove (Retitricolporites sp./Excoecaria sp., Discoidites novaguenensis/Brownlowia type, Camptostemon and Acrostichum aureum), and a group of plant associations (Retitricolporites equatoralis/Calophyllum type, Dicolpopollis sp./Calamus type, Racemonocolpites sp./Oncosperma, Marginipollis concinus/Barringtonia, Pandaniidites sp. /Pandanus, Terminalia catappa, Ilexpollenites sp./Ilex, Stellatopollis sp./Croton type, Acanthaceae type, Cyperaceaepollis/Cyperaceae, Podocarpidites/Podocarpus, Aglaia type, Haloragacidites/ Casuarina and Verrucatosporites usmensis/Stenochlaena palustris. Stenochlaeniidites papuanus and Podocarpus imbricatus were found in the samples. Tapak Formation was included in the last section of the Podocarpus imbricatus/Dacrycarpidites australiensis Zone of Java Palynological Zonation, and this formation was in the age of Late Pliocene towards Pleistocene.Â Key word: Tapak Formation; major-minor-plant associations of mangrove; palynological zonation

Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L. var.Tiron) Dengan Perlakuan Gracilaria verrucosa Sebagai Penjerap Air Pada Tanah Pasir Umami, Arif -; Darmanti, Sri -; Haryanti, Sri -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 13, No. 2, Tahun 2011
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The aims of this study to determine effect of treatment G.verrucosa as water trappers on growth andproductivity of onions crops grown on sandy soil. The research using CRD with factorial pattern ( 3 x 4 ). The firstfactor is the size of pieces G.verrucosa (U1 =flour, U2 =0.25 cm, U3 = 0.5 cm). The second factor is thecomposition of the mixture G.verrucosa: sand (T1 = 0%: 100%, T2 =10%: 90%, T3 =20%: 80% and T4 =30%:70%). The data obtained were analyzed by ANAVA at the level of significance of 95% followed by Duncan's at95% significance level. The results showed that the addition of G. verrucosa able to increase growth and cropproductivity compared with the onion crops grown on sandy soil only. The most influential medium for plantgrowth is a mixture of onion G. verrucosa with sand on the composition of 20%: 80% with G. verrucosa in all sizes,while the most influential medium for the production of onion crop is a mixture of G. verrucosa in all sizes with asandy soil with a ratio of 10%: 90%.

Mortalitas dan Pertumbuhan Larva Nyamuk Anopheles aconitus kerena Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Selasih Oscimum basilicum Istimuyasaroh, Istimuyasaroh -; Hadi, Mochamad -; Tarwotjo, Udi -
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 11, No. 2, Tahun 2009
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Nyamuk Anopheles aconitus merupakan vektor penyakit malaria. Penyakit malaria merupakan penyakit infeksi yang sering terjadi di daerah tropis, salah satunya Indonesia. Pengendalian nyamuk Anopheles aconitus sebagai vektor perlu dilakukan secara tepat dan ramah lingkungan. Tanaman selasih (Oscimum basilicum) diketahui mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber bahan insektisida botani karena kandungan metabolit sekundernya, antara lain eugenol, linalool, dan geraniol yang diketahui tidak disukai oleh nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji mortalitas dan pertumbuhan larva nyamuk Anopheles aconitus akibat pemberian ekstrak daun selasih Oscimum basilicum serta mengetahui konsentrasi efektif ekstrak daun selasih dalam meningkatkan mortalitas serta menurunkan pertumbuhan larva nyamuk Anopheles aconitus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ekologi dan Biosistematik Jurusan Biologi F MIPA UNDIP. Data mortalitas diperoleh dengan uji hayati yang selanjutnya diuji dengan analisis probit untuk mengetahui efektifitas bahan uji. Sedangkan data pertumbuhan diolah dengan rumus Zhang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas larva meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak. Efektifitas ekstrak terhadap larva uji ditunjukkan dengan tingkat toksisitas ekstrak (LC50-48 jam) adalah 5,01%. Pertumbuhan larva juga menurun sejalan dengan meningkatnay konsentrasi ekstrak, nilai GI (Growth index) berkisar antara 1-0, dan nilai RGI (Relative growth index) berkisar antara 100-81%.

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