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INDONESIA
CYCLOTRON
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya
ISSN : 26145499     EISSN : 26145164     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering
Jurnal Cyclotron merupakan jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh program studi teknik elektro Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya. Jurnal ini terbit dua kali dalam setahun yaitu bulan Januari dan Juli. Jurnal ini memfokuskan pada publikasi hasil penelitian dan artikel ilmiah tentang teknik ektro, Sistem Tenaga Listrik, Sistem Kontrol dan Teknik Pengaturan.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 228 Documents
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Perancangan Sistem Proteksi Baterai Berbasis Load Shedding Pada Sistem Hybrid (PLTS-PLTB) Rumah Apung Rizkyanto Malah; Zefanya Aring; Randy Pramudya Anung; Leony Ariesta Wenno; Fanny Jouke Doringin
CYCLOTRON Vol 9 No 02 (2026): CYCLOTRON
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ct.v9i02.31314

Abstract

Abstract— In recent years, the use of renewable energy has increased significantly to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and cut carbon emissions. One emerging solution is a hybrid power generation system that combines solar power plants (SPP) and wind power plants (WPP), particularly in coastal areas such as the floating houses on Malalayang Beach. However, the battery-based energy storage system in this setup lacks adequate protection mechanisms, making it susceptible to overcharging and over-discharging conditions that can degrade battery performance and shorten its lifespan. This study aims to design an IoT-based battery protection system for the SPP-WPP hybrid system. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) through the stages of system design, fabrication, and testing. The system is designed using a PZEM-017 sensor for measuring electrical parameters, an ESP32 as the main controller, and a relay as the actuator for a multi-level load shedding mechanism. System monitoring is performed in real-time via the Blynk platform. Test results show good voltage measurement accuracy, with error values ranging from 0.55% to 0.82% and an average of 0.686% when compared to a multimeter. The protection system also functions as designed, where load disconnection occurs gradually based on battery voltage: 24 V (all loads active), 23 V (load 1 off), 22 V (loads 1 and 2 off), 21 V (loads 1, 2, and 3 off), and 20 V (all loads off). This system is capable of consistently responding to voltage changes without false triggers. It enhances safety, reliability, and battery lifespan, and supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13.
Analisis Error Pembacaan Tegangan DC pada Kondisi Overvoltage dan Undervoltage Menggunakan Input Analog PLC Adhityo Samola; Arnold Kalalo; Fanny Doringin; Sukandar Sawidin; Muchdar Patabo; Maruto Loegimin
CYCLOTRON Vol 9 No 02 (2026): CYCLOTRON
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ct.v9i02.31380

Abstract

Voltage monitoring is an important aspect in electrical systems to maintain operational stability and prevent damage to electrical equipment. In systems based on Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), voltage measurement is carried out through an analog input module that converts analog signals into digital data, which is then processed using a scaling method to obtain the actual voltage value. This conversion process has the potential to produce errors due to the limitations of analog input resolution, noise, and measurement device tolerances. This study aims to analyze the error level of DC voltage readings using PLC analog input under overvoltage and undervoltage conditions. The method used is an experimental approach by comparing the reference voltage from an adjustable power supply with the PLC reading results at several voltage variations. The reference voltage is converted into an actual voltage scale using a linear approach, then analyzed using the percentage error method. The results show that the error value ranges from 0% to 1.38%, with an average value of approximately 0.96%, and the highest error occurs under overvoltage conditions. This indicates that the system has good accuracy with relatively small and stable error levels. Therefore, the PLC-based voltage monitoring system is feasible for voltage monitoring applications with an acceptable level of measurement error.
Simulasi Interaktif VIRTUAL PLANT Sistem Pengisian Botol Menggunakan Siemens TIA Portal Yuliati Yuliati; Teofilus Christiawan Loen; Albert Gunadhi; Andrew Joewono; Peter R. Angka; Diana Lestariningsih; Rasional Sitepu
CYCLOTRON Vol 9 No 02 (2026): CYCLOTRON
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ct.v9i02.31490

Abstract

Technological developments in the industrial revolution 4.0 era have encouraged the implementation of automation in the industrial sector. This research was conducted using a simulation approach in utilizing Siemens HMI to display a conveyor simulation for a bottle filling machine. This simulation was designed using TIA Portal V17 software and a Siemens S7-1500 PLC as the main controller. The simulated process consists of liquid filling, bottle closing, bottle counting, and interactive visualization of conveyor status. This research aims to develop a Human Machine Interface (HMI) display that can display a production process simulation visually and support virtual monitoring and control of the system through software. The test results show that the simulation successfully displays the filling, bottle closing, and counting processes with an average time of 8.58 seconds for filling, 8.13 seconds for closing. This research is expected to contribute to the development of industrial automation solutions, especially in the implementation of HMI for conveyor systems through simulation. The results of this simulation can be a reference in the design and development of similar automation systems in the future.
Literature Review of Microcontroller-Based Automatic Power Factor Correction Systems and The Internet of Things Gugut Hedi Afandi; Aji Brahma Nugroho; Iswahyudi
CYCLOTRON Vol 9 No 02 (2026): CYCLOTRON
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ct.v9i02.31783

Abstract

Low power factors in industrial and household electrical systems cause energy waste, increased load flow, and financial losses due to fines for electricity providers. This systematic literature review aims to analyze the development, components, control methods, and performance achievements of microcontroller-based Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC) systems and the Internet of Things (IoT) published in the period 2021–2026. The search was conducted through four scientific databases, namely Sage Journal, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and IEEE Xplore, resulting in 108 initial articles that were then filtered using the PRISMA protocol until the final 10 articles were obtained. The results of the analysis show that the ESP32 and NodeMCU are the most commonly used microcontrollers, the PZEM-004T sensor as a power measuring tool, and the MQTT protocol as an efficient communication medium for real-time monitoring. The power factor improvement achieved ranges from 0.60–0.99 after the correction is applied. IoT integration has been shown to significantly improve remote monitoring and control capabilities.
Analisis Potensi Energi Listrik pada Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) Berbasis Surya dan Angin Muhamad Fahmi Amrillah; Eko Nugroho Widjatmoko; Lia Kamelia
CYCLOTRON Vol 9 No 02 (2026): CYCLOTRON
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ct.v9i02.31844

Abstract

The increasing electricity demand in Indonesia encourages the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. This study aims to analyze the electrical energy potential of a solar–wind-based Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) through the integration of Solar Power Plants (PLTS) and Wind Power Plants (PLTB). The research method includes literature study, solar irradiation and wind speed data collection, HRES system design, and system performance analysis. The proposed system consists of a 300 Wp monocrystalline solar panel, a 300 W wind turbine, a 12 VDC 60 A hybrid MPPT controller, and a 4 × 20 Ah battery storage system. Solar irradiation data were obtained from Global Solar Atlas, while wind speed data were collected using Windy.com. The results show that the annual electrical energy production potential of the PLTS reached 1,381.2 kWh/year, with the highest production of 128.9 kWh occurring in August. Wind speed at the research location ranged from 1.54 to 4.11 m/s. The integration of PLTS and PLTB generated a maximum output power of more than 550 W and improved the stability and continuity of electricity supply. Therefore, the HRES system has strong potential as a sustainable energy solution for off-grid areas in Indonesia.
VocaLock: Sistem Kontrol Akses Suara dengan Liveness Detection Menggunakan ASV dan PAD Wisnu Rasyidin Azhari; Miftakhurrokhmat; Ina Sholihah Widiati; Tinuk Agustin; Muhammad Setiyawan
CYCLOTRON Vol 9 No 02 (2026): CYCLOTRON
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ct.v9i02.31846

Abstract

The rapid development of voice synthesis and imitation technology poses new challenges to the security of voice-based authentication systems. This study introduces VocaLock, an intelligent access control system that integrates Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) and Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) to ensure secure voice-based user authentication. The integration of ASV using ECAPA-TDNN and PAD using LCNN produces two layers of security: speaker identity validation and voice authenticity. The system is implemented on an ESP32 microcontroller connected to an IoT-based access control indicator and a cloud server running the verification model. Test results show that VocaLock has high verification performance and is able to resist replay and spoofing attacks with a good level of accuracy. This study contributes to the development of a lightweight, practical, and secure voice biometric framework for application in smart office environments, laboratories, and other confined areas.
Perancangan dan Simulasi Antena Mikrostrip Patch Array 2x2 untuk 5G Sub-6 GHz pada Prototipe gNodeB Berbasis SDR M. Fhadli Haryadi; Lindawati Lindawati; Sopian Soim
CYCLOTRON Vol 9 No 02 (2026): CYCLOTRON
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ct.v9i02.31877

Abstract

To address the need for high-gain directional antennas at sub-6 GHz frequencies, this study designed and simulated a 2×2 microstrip patch array antenna based on an FR4 substrate for a 5G gNodeB prototype using a Software Defined Radio (SDR) USRP B210. The antenna utilizes a two-stage corporate feed network based on a Wilkinson Power Divider to distribute power uniformly to the four patch elements. The simulation was conducted over the 2–4 GHz frequency range using CST Studio Suite 2025 software. Simulation results show that the antenna resonates at 3.39 GHz with a return loss (S11) of −11 dB, a VSWR of 1.7, and a maximum gain of 9.808 dBi. The resulting radiation pattern is directional and suitable for sub-6 GHz 5G gNodeB applications. The total efficiency was recorded at −8.846 dB, which is highly influenced by the FR4 substrate losses. Based on these results, the proposed antenna design demonstrates adequate performance for SDR system implementation.
PIR-Activated Solar-Powered Variable Ultrasonic Rodent Repellent for Rice Barn Rizkia Meyliana; Ahmad Taqwa; Suroso
CYCLOTRON Vol 9 No 02 (2026): CYCLOTRON
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/ct.v9i02.32045

Abstract

Rodent disturbance in traditional rice barns is a post-harvest problem in remote rural villages because stored rice is vulnerable to damage, contamination, and quality degradation. Previous ultrasonic pest-control studies focused on outdoor rice-field environments, whereas rodent control during post-harvest storage in rice barns remains underexplored. This research aims to develop and evaluate a PIR-activated solar-powered variable ultrasonic rodent repellent prototype for rice barn applications. The study employed a Research and Development approach consisting of hardware design, system design, and device evaluation. The prototype integrates Arduino Uno, PIR sensor, ultrasonic speaker, LCD, solar panel, solar charge controller, and 12 V battery. The PIR sensor detects movement and activates ultrasonic output within the 20–100 kHz range. Variable ultrasonic frequency was applied to minimize rodent habituation and identify frequency ranges producing stronger behavioral responses. Testing included solar panel performance, component voltage, PIR sensor distance, and visual observation of rodent behavior. The solar panel produced stable 30 W output, and all components operated effectively at required voltages. The PIR sensor detected movement within 1–3 m, suitable for traditional rice barn areas of 3 × 4 m. Ultrasonic testing identified two sensitivity points within 30–70 kHz, with the strongest response at 70–79 kHz. The prototype is feasible as a non-chemical, energy-independent solution for traditional rice barns.

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