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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 659 Documents
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Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida Isolates Recovered from Urine and Blood Specimens from Patients Admitted in Wards of a Tertiary Care Hospital, North Delhi Jain, Sanjay; Khatri, Shilpa; Kumar, Manoj; Bharara, Tanisha; Yadav, Abhishek
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.08

Abstract

Background: Candida species are responsible for various clinical infections ranging from mucocutaneous infection to life-threatening invasive diseases. Increased resistance to antifungal drugs during the last decade has become a serious concern. Therefore, identification of Candida up to species level and its antifungal susceptibility testing is very important in the management of Candida infections. This study aimed to identify these organisms and study their susceptibility patterns.Subjects and Method: A retrospective study was conducted over 9 months (July 2022 to March 2023) from urine and blood samples collected from 80 IPD patients admitted to various wards of Hindu Rao Hospital. The samples were selected based on their growth on blood agar. The variables of interest are the different species of Candida and susceptibility to antibiotics. Identification of Candida species was done by Gram stain, Germ tube formation test, color on HiCrome Candida agar medium, chlamydospore formation on corn meal agar, and VITEK 2 Compact System. The MICs were interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines 2022.Results: 47 and 33 of urine and blood cultures were positive for Candida species respectively. Most of the isolates were from the Paediatric ward (28.75%), followed by the Medicine ward (27.5%). The most common species was C. tropicalis (56.25%) followed by C. albicans (23.75%). Most species of Candida were sensitive to amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, and flucytosine except Candida albicans which showed 100% resistance to amphotericin B and Candida krusei which showed 66% sensitivity to voriconazole and 33% to caspofungin.Conclusion: Candida colonization has a considerable prevalence among patients hospitalized in our hospital. The species identification of Candida isolates along with their antifungal susceptibility pattern can help the clinician in better treatment of patients with candiduria and candidemia. Keywords: Candida, bloodstream infection, minimum inhibitory concentration
An Epidemiological Study Incidence Rates of Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer's Early Symptoms in the Community in Gondanglegi District, Malang, East Java, Indonesia: An Epidemiological Study Hermanto, Djoko Heri; Nurarifah, Nina; Brahmantyo, Herwindo Pudjo; Alfiani, Nadia; Dharmesta, Naya Adi; Ardiyanti, Putri; Qhadafy, Arif; Wardhani, Shinta Oktya
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.12

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. CRC is most typical symptom is hematochezia while the risk factors encompass sex, age, genetic predispositions, history of colorectal polyps or cancer, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, physical exercise, and specific dietary choices, including high red meat intake, fried food, and low fiber consumption. This study aims to screen the risk factors of colorectal cancer.Subjects and Method: This research was conducted on residents in the Sepanjang village, Malang Regency, involved in community service by the Internist Association of Malang. Community service was carried out in July 2023 and 148 residents were involved in collecting data on risk factors for colorectal carcinoma. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire with a cross-sectional approach. The questionnaire assesses the presence of symptoms of bloody stools and several habits related to colorectal carcinoma risk factors, including age, gender, exercise routine, and dietary history. Data presentation and analysis were carried out as in the table.Results: Among the risk factors listed assessed using the questionnaire, Men (p=0.021), lack of exercise (p= 0.008), consumption of fried food (p= 0.021), and consumption of instant noodles (p= 0.013) significantly affect the prevalence of hematochezia.Conclusion: Men, lack of exercise, consumption of fried food, and consumption of instant noodles significantly affect the hematochezia indicating CRC.
Mental Illness Among Women Attending A National Mental Health Referral Center in Kenya: Unpacking Predisposing Factors and Interventions Mayoka, Godfrey; Getange, Rechael Nyaboke; Wafula, Linus Makokha; Korir, Allan; Chonge, Daisy; Mumbua, Sharon; Olpengs, David
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.10

Abstract

Background: Mental illness is an escalating global public health menace that affects women disproportionately. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors contributing to mental illness among Kenyan women alongside the interventions explored to manage the conditions.Subjects and Method: This was a mixed-method study comprising retrospective case series analysis of 285 inpatient records of women seeking mental health services at a national referral center in Nairobi, Kenya, and key informant interviews involving mental health service providers, from January 2022 to June 2022. The Variables of this study were sociodemographic data. Information was collected on socioeconomic factors, mental illness profiles, and mental illness interventions. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23 and thematic analysis.Results: Bipolar mood disorder (42%), schizophrenia (33%), and psychosis (25%) were the most prevalent mental conditions. While strained relationships (38%), financial challenges (35%), death of a loved one (29%), and substance abuse (27%) frequently contributed to mental illness, psychotherapy, and psychoeducation were pivotal in patient management. Poor government funding hindered in-service training initiatives as well as training and recruitment of community health workers, contributing to the unavailability of free counseling services. Despite these hurdles, the hospital explored alternative means to ensure access to mental healthcare including offering admission fees waivers, implementing repatriation programs, and subsidizing the costs of medications for psychotic patients.Conclusion: This study highlights the complex factors affecting women’s mental health in Kenya and rallies for increased support towards holistic mental healthcare interventions for this vulnerable population. Improving mental health literacy to reduce stigma associated with mental illness, and addressing financial, as well as hospital-related administrative barriers, can enhance access to mental health care.
Factors Determining The Delay in Access to Appropriate Emergency Obstetric Care During The Lockdown Period of The COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study at A Tertiary Referral Centre GS, Triveni; Chawla, Noopur; Kapur, Aishwarya; BS, Prateeksha; Badal, Kavita; puri, Manju
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.03.03

Abstract

Background: The WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic as a public health emergency of inter-national concern following which many governments around the world adopted the most radical social distancing procedure, referred to as “lockdown”, to prevent the spread of the virus. As a result, unsupervised pregnancies and the absence of routine antenatal visits lead to dreaded maternal and fetal complications. This study determines the barriers to accessing emergency care by pregnant women during the lockdown period.Subjects and Method: This prospective study was conducted during the lockdown period in Delhi from 1 May 2021 to 31 May 2021. A total of 666 pregnant and postpartum patients admitted from casualty during this period were included. The variable of the study was various factors causing delays of more than 4 hours in accessing emergency care services by these patients after the onset of symptoms was assessed. This study used the conceptual model of Three Delays. The data was collected as per predesigned proforma. The demography, Obstetric profile, and various levels of delays were noted. The data was analyzed by frequencies and percentages using SPSS version 21.Results: Among 666 enrolled participants, about 55.7% were multigravida and 48.04% belonged to the upper-lower class. Nearly 43% of patients were illiterate. Antenatal delay of > 4 hours was observed in 590 patients (88.6%). In Level 1 delay, the main reasons for the delay were unawareness of danger signs (45.8%) and lockdown (30.93%). The major reason for the Level 2 delay was care declined at the previous center (33.93%). Reasons for the Level 3 delay were due to either unavailability of beds or overcrowding after reaching the facility.Conclusion: The unawareness of danger signs was the most common cause of delay. Hence, effective communication and counseling during the antenatal period have to be improved upon.
Meta-Analysis: Effects of Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Low Physical Activity on Osteoporosis in Adults Ghifari, Muhammad Fahrezi Al; Himawati, Yulia; Ismail, Aem; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.01.03

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low mineral bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. This study aims to analyze the effect of smoking, alcohol consumption, and low physical activity on osteoporosis in adults.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study using the PICO format. Population: Adults, Intervention: Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Low Physical Activity, Comparison: No Smoking, No Alcohol Consumption, High Physical Activity, Outcome: Osteoporosis. Articles were searched using online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct. The search for articles using the keywords "Smoking" OR "Tobacco" AND "Alcohol consumption" OR "Drinking" AND "Physical activity" OR "Exercise" AND "Osteoporosis" OR "Bone mineral density" AND "Cross-sectional". The inclusion criteria for articles used were articles published in 2013-2023. Articles were filtered using PRISMA flow diagrams and analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.Results: The meta-analysis used 15 articles with cross-sectional studies from Ireland, Nepal, Taiwan, South Korea, China, Iran, America, Brazil, India, Congo, and Thailand with a total sample of 111,478 samples. The risk of osteoporosis increased with smoking (aOR= 1.49; CI 95%= 1.04 to 2.16; p= 0.030), alcohol consumption (aOR= 1.04; CI 95%= 0.84 to 1.30; p = 0.690), and low physical activity (aOR= 1.17; CI 95%= 0.92 to 1.48; p= 0.210).Conclusion: Smoking, alcohol consumption, and low physical activity increase the risk of osteoporosis in adults. Keywords: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, osteoporosis.
Meta-Analysis: Factors Related with Obesity in Adolescents Gumilar, Karismatika Surya; Betriza; Legowo, Nurcahyo Aji; Murti, Bhisma; Wulandari, Ayu Novita
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.01.06

Abstract

Background: Obesity is excess body weight above the normal BMI limit. This can be experienced by anyone, starting from children, productive teenagers who do not maintain a healthy lifestyle, which can cause premature death. There are various factors that cause obesity from several research findings. This study aims to analyze and estimate factors that influence the risk of obesity in adole-scents.Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis with PRISMA and PICO diagrams. Population= teenagers. Intervention= strong physical activity, high income, female gender, strong consumption of fruit, and high maternal education. Comparison= weak physical activity, low income, male gender, weak consumption of fruit, and low maternal education. Result= obesity. The search for this article came from databases namely PudMed and Science Direct. The article keywords used are "physical activity" AND "Income" AND "fruit consumption" AND "mater-nal education" AND "obesity" AND "young factor". The articles included in this research are full paper articles, cross-sectional study design, publication year range 2013-2023, and the magnitude of the Adjusted Odds Ratio relationship. Articles were filtered using the PRISMA flow diagram and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3.Results: There are 10 articles with cross-sectional studies that show the risk of obesity is signifi-cantly influenced by high income by 2.04 times (aOR= 2.04; 95% CI=0.97 to 4.30; p= 0.060), female gender by 2.28 times (aOR= 2.28; 95% CI= 1.64 to 3.17; p<0.001), strong fruit consumption was 2.11 times (aOR= 2.11; 95% CI= 1.30 to 3.44; p= 0.003), and high maternal education was 1.64 times (aOR=1.64; 95% CI= 1.10 to 2.45; p= 0.020) and the influence of weak physical activity which is 0.59 times the risk of obesity with statistically significant results (aOR= 0.59; 95% CI= 0.41 to 0.83; p=0.003).Conclusion: Risk factors that influence obesity in adolescents include high income, female gender, fruit consumption, high maternal education, and weak activity. Keywords: Obesity, risk factors, health problems, teenagers.
Determinants of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Bamboo Woven Craftsmen in Lamongan, East Java Salsabila, Putri Fortuna; Sumardiyono; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.01.08

Abstract

Backround: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are significant debilitating conditions and refer to a variety of degenerative or inflammatory conditions affecting the joints, muscles, ligaments, cartilage, and blood vessels. This research aims to determine the influence of Musculoskeletal Disorders on bamboo woven craftsmen in Lamongan. Subject and Method: This cross-sectional research was conducted in Payaman village, Solokuro District, Lamingan Regency, East Java in October-November. A total of 200 bamboo woven craftsmen were randomly selected using a random number generator. The dependent variable in this study is Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). The independent variables in this study were work stress, age, length of service, duration of work, and exercise habits. The research instruments used the Nordic Body Map questionnaire, work stress questionnaire, and interviews related to age, length of service, duration of work, and exercise habits. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Wicker craftsmen who had high job stress had an average Musculoskeletal Disorders score 0.19 units higher than those with low job stress (b = 0.19, 95% CI = -3.79 to 4.17, p=0.925). Wicker craftsmen aged 40 years and over on average had a Musculoskeletal Disorders score 9.44 units higher than those aged less than 40 years (b = 9.44, 95% CI = 4.70 to 14.18, p<0.001). Wicker craftsmen who have worked for 5 years or more on average have a Musculoskeletal Disorders score 3.34 units higher than those who have worked for less than 5 years (b = 3.34, 95% CI = -2.77 to 9.44, p=0.282). Wicker craftsmen who have a work duration of 5 hours/day and above on average have a Musculoskeletal Disorders score 7.12 units higher than those with a work duration of less than 5 hours/day (b = 7.12, 95% CI = 3.09 to 11.15, p=0.001). Conclusion: Age ≥40 years, work duration ≥5 hours, high work stress and work period ≥5 years increase the risk of MSDs in bamboo woven craftsmen. The habit of exercising ≥30 minutes/day reduces the risk of MSDs in bamboo weaving craftsmen. Keyword: Musculoskeletal Disorder, Work Duration, Years of Work, Age, exercise habits, woven craftsmen
Effects of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, and Gender on Post Stroke Cognitive Impairment: Meta-Analysis Utami, Sukandriani; Wicaksono, Emirza Nur; Choirunnisa, Amalia; Veibiani, Nindita Arum; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.01.07

Abstract

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment is a serious problem that is often faced by indivi-duals who have experienced a stroke. This study aims to determine and estimate the effects of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and gender on post-stroke cognitive impairment through meta-analysis of primary research conducted by previous researchers.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study using the PICO model which includes; P: post-stroke patients. I: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and women. C: normotensive, without diabetes mellitus, and men. O: post-stroke cognitive impairment. A systematic search for primary studies was carried out in the PubMed database which was published from 2014 to 2023. The keywords used to search for primary studies were "Hypertension" AND "Diabetes Mellitus" AND "Post Stroke Cognitive Impairment". The inclusion criteria for the articles searched were primary studies with cross-sectional and cohort studies from 2014-2023 and reporting aOR values. Primary studies were selected using the PRISMA diagram and relevant primary studies were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.Results: There were 18 primary studies with cross-sectional and cohort study designs. The total sample obtained through a systematic review and meta-analysis was 9,103 post-stroke patients from France, China, Singapore, the Netherlands, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Uganda. The results of the analysis showed that hypertension increased the risk 1.56 times (aOR= 1.56; 95% CI= 1.11 to 2.19; p= 0.010) and diabetes mellitus increased the risk 1.58 times (aOR= 1.58; 95% CI= 1.23 to 2.05; p< 0.001) post-stroke cognitive impairment compared to people without hypertension and diabetes. Meanwhile, the female gender increases the risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment by 1.28 times (aOR= 1.28; 95% CI=1.16 to 1.42; p<0.001). The data is statistically significant.Conclusion: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and female gender increase the risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment. Keywords: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, women, post-stroke cognitive disorders
Multilevel Analysis: Factors Related with Quality Service of Elderly Community Health Post in Sukoharjo Central Java Tristian, Deviana; Murti, Bhisma; Demartoto, Argyo
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.04

Abstract

Background: The quality of health services is the difference between patient expectations and their perceptions of the services they receive, thus the quality of health services shows the success of a health service. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the quality of at the elderly community health post.Subjects and Method: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted at 25 at the elderly community health post in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java in November 2023. The sample consisted of 200 elderly people using random sampling. The dependent variable is the quality of health services at the elderly community health post, while the independent variables are gender, age, number of visits, level of education, and income. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear regression analysis.Results: The results of multilevel analysis show that the assessment of the quality of health services decreases in elderly women (b= -0.82; CI95%= -1.65 to -0.01; p= 0.049), aged ≥66 years (b= -1.22, CI95%= -2.01 to -0.44; p=0.002), number of visits 6 times (b= -3.03; CI95%= -3.89 to -2.61; p <0.001), education ≥0.699, and income (b= -2.09; CI95%= -3.20 to 0.97; p<0.001). Posyandu has a contextual effect on assessing the quality of health services with ICC = 52.76%).Conclusion: The assessment of the quality of the elderly community health post service decreased in the elderly type, age ≥66 years, number of visits 6 times, education ≥high school, and income ≥Rp 2,000,000. at the elderly community health post shows quite large contextual effects on assessing the quality of health services. Keywords: Quality of health services, multilevel analysis, elderly
Effect of Tertiary Preventive Behavior on HbA1c Level, Quality of Life, and Complication Risk in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Livia, Wardhatul; Murti, Bhisma; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.01.10

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease which is a source of additional severity for other diseases. This study aims to determine the effect of tertiary preventive behavior on hba1c level, quality of life (QoL), and complication risk in diabetes mellitus patients.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia, from October to November 2023. A total sample of 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), registered in the Prolanis program, was selected through multistage random sampling. The independent variables were HbA1c levels, risk of complications, and QoL. The inde-pendent variable was tertiary preventive behavior. HbA1c levels were measured using spectrophotometer. QoL was measured using the WHOQOL questionnaire, and risk of complications using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the SEM model.Results: Tertiary prevention behavior significantly increased HbA1c level (b= 0.31; CI 95%= -0.45 to 0.15; p<0.001) and quality of life (b= 0.15; 95% CI= -0.15 to 0.38; p<0.001). Tertiary prevention behavior significantly reduced the risk of complications (b= -0.22; CI 95%= -0.42 to 0.02; p= 0.026). The goodness-of-fit values suggest that the structural equation model (SEM) is acceptable (p= 0.188; RMSEA=0.04; CFI=0.97, TLI=0.95; SRMR=0.05; CD= 0.07).Conclusion: Tertiary prevention behavior significantly increased HbA1c level and quality of life. Tertiary prevention behavior reduces the risk of complications in type 2 DM patients. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, complications, quality of life

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