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INDONESIA
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 659 Documents
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A Meta-Analisis of Correlation between Diarrhea and Stunting in Children Under Five Firmansyah, Reza Ramadhana Tahta; Murti, Bhisma; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.08

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is an infectious disease that can cause children to experience appetite disturbances, resulting in reduced nutritional intake, while the nutrients consumed also fail to be properly absorbed by the body. If this condition is not balanced with appropriate food intake, it can have an impact on cognitive development disorders and height growth, namely stunting. This study aimed to determine whether there was a relationship between a history of diarrhea and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, through a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by previous authors.Subjects and Method: This study was conducted using a systematic review and meta-analysis with PICO namely, Population: under five, Intervention; diarrhea, comparison: no diarrhea, outcome: stunting. By searching for articles in 2 databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar, which were published from 2017 to 2022, following keywords "Diarrhea" AND "Stunting" AND "adjusted Odds Ratio" OR "aOR". The included article is a full-text cross-sectional study design for 2017-2022 and reports the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) in multivariate analysis. Articles were selected using prism flow with inclusion criteria, namely, and data analysis using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: In total there were 9 articles using a cross-sectional study design with a total sample of 69,549 children under five from Ethiopia, Uganda, Indonesia, Pakistan which had been carried out systematic review and meta-analysis. The data that has been processed shows that toddlers with a history of diarrhea have a risk of experiencing stunting 1.21 times compared to toddlers without a history of diarrhea (aOR= 1.57; 95% CI= 1.20 to 2.05; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Toddlers with a history of diarrhea have a risk of experiencing stunting compared to toddlers without a history of diarrhea. Keywords: diarrhea, stunting, toddlers Correspondence:Reza Ramadhana Tahta Firmansyah, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah. Email: ramadhanatahta@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282228390930.
Effect of Social Support and Self Efficacy on Drug Taking Adherence in Hypertensive Patients: A Meta-Analysis Sukma, Sukma; Tamtomo, Didik; Demartoto, Argyo
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.12

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a condition that causes a person to experience a drastic rise in blood pressure. Social support and self-efficacy are needed to improve skills, self-confidence and a sense of security for patients to be more compliant with taking medication. This study aimed to analyze the effect of social support and self-efficacy on medication adherence in hypertensive patients.Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis using PICO, namely population: hypertensive patients; Intervention: good social support, good self-efficacy; Comparison: low social support, low self-efficacy; Result: medication adherence. The articles used in this study were obtained from two databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords in the article search “social cognitive theory (SCT)” AND “self efficacy“ AND ”social support “AND” hypertension” AND “medication adhe-rence”, cross-sectional. The included article is full English with a cross-sectional study design for 2012–2022 and reports the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) in multivariate analysis. Selection of articles using the PRISMA flowchart. Article analysis using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: 7 articles with a cross-sectional study involving 708 people with hypertension from 2 conti-nents namely Asia and Africa for systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed that hypertensive patients with strong social support were twice as likely to adhere to medication as hypertensive patients with weak social support (aOR= 2.16; 95%CI= 1.82 to 2.57; p <0.001), Hyper-tensive patients with self-efficacy Those who are strong are more likely to adhere to medication twice than hypertensive patients with weak self-efficacy (aOR= 2.11; 95% CI = 1.27 to 3.52; p <0.004).Conclusion: Social support and self-efficacy improve medication adherence in hypertensive patients. Keywords: social support, self-efficacy, social cognitive theory, hypertension, medication adherence Correspondence:Sukma. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126, Indonesia. Email: sukmadenny1402@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281254428800.
Assessment of COVID-19 Deaths in Botswana using the SIRD Model for the Period 2020 to 2022 Abidile, Lebotsamang
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.01

Abstract

Background: There is need for a development of a robust model framework for COVID-19 to help researchers simulate several virus transmission scenarios, assist in predicting the disease route as well as assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures. COVID-19 data with four compartmental groups, that is susceptible group, the infected group, the recovered group, and the deceased group was required to enable setting up a mathematical compartmental model called Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Deceased (SIRD) for Botswana. This study aims to set up the SIRD model for COVID-19 in Botswana.Subjects and Method: The study took advantage of a retrospective cohort study carried out in Botswana specifically from a period ranging from 14th May 2020 to 3rd March 2022. The study population consisted of all persons who are susceptible to COVID-19 in Botswana and the sample size of this study was 2,397,240. Therefore, the variables of interest for this study were susceptible, infected, recovered as well as deceased persons. These were secondary data as reported by Botswana and recorded on the WHO website. Data for this study were analyzed using simulation methods specifically compartmental analysis.Results: COVID-19 will escalate at a very low transmission at an exponential growth rate of 0.11. The transmission of COVID-19 in Botswana will spread in the population and such spread may cause an epidemic (R0=1.13).Conclusion: The Ministry of Health and Wellness should ensure that there is slow relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in order to avoid the reappearance of COVID-19. The Ministry of Health and Wellness should also strictly insist on COVID-19 adherence protocols mainly during the winter season as well as holidays.
Determinants of Breast Milk Donation and Use among Postpartum Women at a City Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya Kanyi, Jane Wanjiku; Lakati, Alice Sipiyian; Odero, Theresa
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.09

Abstract

Background: The World Health Organization advocates donor human milk as a superior substitute for newborns unable to obtain their mother’s milk. Calls have been made to scale up human milk banks to provide infants without access to mother’s milk safe donor human milk. This research sought to assess determinants of breast milk donation and the use of donor human milk among postpartum women.Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2023 at a government hospital with human milk banking facilities. A consecutive sampling technique was used to recruit a sample of 370 postpartum women admitted to the postnatal wards. A pretested interview-based questionnaire was used to obtain participants’ sociodemographic data, breastfeeding history, peri-natal characteristics, awareness of human milk banking, and other general factors that might influence acceptance to donate breast milk and the use of donated human milk. Data was analyzed using R-4.3.0 software and descriptive statistics were done for all variables. Further inferential statistics including the Chi-Square test and multivariate logistics regression were computed with a significance level set at α=0.050.Results: The mother’s willingness to donate breast milk and use donor human milk was 78.1% and 70.8% respectively. The respondent’s age (OR=0.42; 95% CI=0.19 to 0.94; p=0.035) was significantly associated with willingness to donate breast milk. Religion (OR=0.27; 95% CI=0.10 to 0.72; p =0.009) and awareness of human milk banking (OR=0.89; 95%CI= 1.07 to 3.36; p= 0.029) were significant predictors of willingness to use donor human milk.Conclusion: Human milk banking awareness was low among the study population; however, mothers are willing to donate and use donated breast milk. Age in years is significantly associated with willingness to donate while religion and awareness of human milk banking are significant predictors of use.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in River Sanitation: Perspectives from Riverside-Dwelling Communities in Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines Esmael, Hassan I.; Duldulao, Kreslie Mae A.; Delosa, Rosalino O.; Paz, Jopeter B. Dela; Gallego, Randy Ian F.
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.05

Abstract

Background: Rivers are crucial to ecosystems, providing water for drinking, agriculture, and recreation, but urbanization and industrial activities have severely degraded their quality. This study aims to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of riverside-dwelling residents regarding river sanitation, with the goal of identifying key factors influencing their understanding and behaviors related to water quality and environmental health.Subjects and Method: Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved 120 randomly selected samples from households within 200 meters of the riverbanks situated in Barangay Basalem, Buug, Zamboanga Sibugay. Data were collected over the period from June 2022 to April 2023 using validity- and reliability-tested questionnaires and analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficients. The dependent variable in the study was the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, while the independent variables were the respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to water sanitation.Results: Results showed high levels of knowledge but varied attitudes and practices. Respondents understood the risks of contaminated water but held contradictory beliefs about sanitation practices. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between age and both attitudes (p= 0.049) and practices (p= 0.049) related to river sanitation, highlighting generational differences in river sanitation behaviors.Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and improved educational programs to address knowledge gaps and promote effective sanitation practices, ultimately aiming to protect both public health and river ecosystems.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Dog Owners Regarding Dog-Related Diseases in Mvomero and Morogoro Districts, Tanzania Issae, Amina Ramadhani; Nonga, Hezron Emanuel
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.03

Abstract

Background: Dogs were the earliest animals domesticated by humans for various purposes, but receive little attention from the community and may be sources of diseases in humans and other animals. In Tanzania, most dogs are Mongrels and are primarily found in rural areas where they receive limited veterinary care. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dog keepers regarding dog management, and their awareness of zoonoses, to develop effective disease prevention and control programs.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2017 and January 2018 in the Mvomero and Morogoro districts of Tanzania. The study used a simple random sampling method, whereas a structured questionnaire was administered to 200 dog keepers. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis. The independent variables were demographic characteristics of dog keepers (age, gender, education, and location), while dependent variables included knowledge of dog management, attitudes toward dogs, and practices.Results: The study found that 59% of respondents had fair to good knowledge of dog management, though practices were generally poor, with most dog keepers owning dogs for security purposes. While 87% were aware of zoonotic diseases, particularly rabies, vaccination rates were higher in Morogoro than in Mvomero (p<0.05). Negative experiences with dogs were reported by 78% of respondents, and attitudes towards dogs were more negative in Mvomero than in Morogoro (p=0.007).Conclusion: The study concludes that dogs in Morogoro are poorly managed, live-in unhygienic conditions, rarely receive veterinary services, and experiences suffering of different kinds, which is contrary to animal welfare principles. Therefore, integrative approaches to raising public awareness about dog management practices in the study areas and other regions of Tanzania are recommended to safeguard the health of both dogs and humans.
Detection of Change Patterns in COVID-19 Deaths and the Implementation of Public Health Policies in Botswana Abidile, Lebotsamang; Nyakudya, Morvyn
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.07

Abstract

Background: At the earlier stages of COVID-19 disease, there were no pharmaceutical measures such as vaccines and medications available that could be used to either treat or reduce the spread of the virus. Countries worldwide reverted to implementing several non-pharmaceutical measures to end or at least reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. These included maintaining the physical distance of 1-2 meters in all gatherings, washing hands with soap and clean water, sanitizing hands, and wearing face masks especially when physical distancing cannot be certain. In this study, we aim to determine the change patterns or turning points in COVID-19 deaths, particularly those that occurred in Botswana.Subjects and Method: The study used a retrospective cohort study conducted in Botswana for a period ranging from the 14th May 2020 up to the 3rd March 2022. The population covered for this study comprised of all persons who were susceptible to COVID-19 in Botswana. The researcher used secondary data sourced from Botswana’s Ministry of Health and Wellness. Data for this study were statistically analysed using R software version 4.1.3 to apply the simulation methods.Results: High numbers of COVID-19 deaths in Botswana were recorded starting from week 59 to week 69 and the numbers declined from week 70 to week 75. Altogether, COVID-19 deaths in Botswana have been rising since 14th May 2020 until 3rd March 2022.Conclusion: It is important for the Government of Botswana through Ministry of Health and Well-ness to ensure that COVID-19 restrictions are slowly relaxed to avoid the recurrence of the disease. COVID-19 adherence protocols should be strictly enforced by the Ministry more especially during winter seasons as well as public holidays.
Investigating the Impact of Social Capital on Elderly Quality of Life in Surakarta: A Multilevel Analysis Putry, Mentary Febryant; Demartoto, Argyo; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.06

Abstract

Background: A good quality of life is the goal of every individual in life. This quality of life indicates that a person is healthy and prosperous, so that they can live a normal life in the community, especially for the elderly population. This study aims to analyze the variables of the influence of social capital on the quality of life of the elderly at the individual level and the posyandu level.Subjects and Method: This study is a study using a cross-sectional design conducted in 25 elderly posyandu in Surakarta from August to September 2024. The sample consisted of 200 elderly people who were selected by probability sampling. The independent variable in this study is social capital. The dependent variable is quality of life. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire. The analysis data uses multilevel analysis.Results: The results of the multilevel analysis that has been carried out in this study stated that the social capital and quality of life of the elderly (b=1.29; CI 95%= 1.12 to 1.47; p<0.001), directly influenced by age (b=0-1.16; CI 95%= -3.64 to 1.31; p= 0.035), gender (b=8.91; CI 95%= 7.21 to 10.62; p<0.001), education (b=10.27; CI 95% = 8.73 to 11.81; p<0.001).Conclusion: Social capital has a statistically significant positive influence on the quality of life of the elderly.  
Prevalence of Infections Caused by Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus and Their Co-Infection in A Tertiary Care Centre, Delhi, India Kumar, Manoj; Jain, Sanjay
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.01.08

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B and C are the most dominant causes of viral hepatitis, leading to both acute and chronic infections. This study was done to determine the magnitude of the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C and their co-infection.Subjects and Method: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, North DMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India from July 2023 to June 2024. All blood samples received from indoor and outdoor patients from all departments were tested by Monolisa HBsAg Ultra and anti-HCV(Ag-Ab Ultra V2) Monolisa by ELISA method. The variables studied were age, sex, in-patient/out-patient, and type of ward. The data was analyzed using the Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney test.Results: Of a total of 20,000 blood samples received, 5,358(26.80%) samples were from inpatient department/IPD (2,210 female, 3,148 male) and 14642 (73.20%) and outpatient department/OPD (9,201 female, 5,441 male). 422 samples (2.11%) were positive for HBsAg (210 IPD -77 female, 133 male; 212 OPD - 121 female, 91 male) and 614 (3.07%) for anti-HCV (408 IPD - 135 female, 273 male; 206 OPD - 100 female, 106 male). Co-infection of Hepatitis B and C viruses was seen in 40 patients, 31 IPD (10 female, 21 male) and 9 OPD (1 female, 8 male). Maximum cases were seen from medicine wards among IPD patients of HBsAg positive, anti-HCV positive, and co-infection and in the age group 41-60 years in all three categories.Conclusion: Screening for HBV and HCV infection is compulsory so that preventive measures are implemented to improve public health.
Factors Associated with Dyslipidemia among Workers: A Path Analysis Indriani, Fenita; Sumardiyono; Murti, Bhisma; Demartoto, Argyo
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.02

Abstract

Background: The results of the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey show that 39.5% of the Indonesian population aged ≥ 15 years old have abnormal total cholesterol levels. Dyslipidemia or plasma lipid abnormalities play a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis on the walls of blood vessels which is the cause of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. The purpose of the study was to analyze the factors that affect dyslipidemia in workers.Subjects and Method: This study uses an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at the Yogyakarta Labkesmas Center in October 2024 with a total of 150 worker study subjects. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling, namely total sampling. The independent variables in this study were BMI, glucose levels, stress, and depression while the dependent variables were total cholesterol levels. Data collection was carried out using secondary data and questionnaires, the data was analyzed by path analysis.Results: Each increase of one mg/dL of glucose level (b = 0.24; CI 95%= 0.09 to 0.39; p = 0.002) and one unit of depression (b = 0.16; CI 95%= 0.01 to 0.31; p= 0.043) will be followed by an increase in total cholesterol levels. Any increase in BMI through a mediator of glucose levels and stress through a mediator of depression will be followed by an increase in total cholesterol levels.Conclusion: Total cholesterol levels increase with increased glucose levels and depression levels. Total cholesterol levels are indirectly affected by BMI through glucose level mediators and stress levels through depression mediators.  

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