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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 659 Documents
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Meta-Analysis: The Effect of D-Dimer on Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 Ryadi, Yusuf; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Ichsan, Burhannuddin
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.04.11

Abstract

Background: The severity of COVID-19 can be detected by examining elevated levels of CRP, ferritin, IL-6 and LDH. Elevated D-dimer levels are often found in patients with severe COVID-19 which can predict the occurrence of ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) and patient mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence D-dimer levels had on mortality of COVID-19 patients. Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis with following PICO, population: patients with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Intervention: high D-dimer level. Comparison: low D-dimer level. Outcome: mortality. The data used were obtained from scientific research articles from Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Proquest electronic databases with a cohort design in 2020 until 2022 and report on aOR in multivariate analysis. The keywords used in the search for scientific articles were “D-dimer level” OR “D-dimer” AND “COVID-19” AND “mortality”. The selection of articles is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Data were analyzed using Review Manager software version 5.4.1.Results: A total of 12 studies with a cohort design that met the criteria from Asia, America, and Europe were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, it was found that increased levels of D-dimer (>0.5 g/mL) increased mortality in COVID-19 patients by 6.40 times compared to low levels of D-dimer (≤0.5 g/mL) and was statistically significant (aOR = 6.40; 95% CI= 4.51 to 9.08; p<0.001).Conclusion: Elevated levels of D-dimer may increase mortality risk in COVID-19 patients. Keywords: d-dimer level, d-dimer, covid-19, mortality. Correspondence:Yusuf Ryadi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah. Email: yusuf.ryadi@gmail.com. Mobile: 085715605268.
Malaria Surveillance Mapping in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia Nuraisyah, Fatma; Nurlaily, Nova; Ruliyandari, Rochana; Irjayanti, Apriyana; Irmanto, Maxsi; Sugiarto, Sugiarto
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.04.12

Abstract

Background: Kulon Progo is one of contributing malaria cases in Indonesia and eliminating incidence malaria still unsolved problem in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the relationship between mosquito breeding sites, the distribution of malaria cases through Arc-GIS specifically for buffering and spatial analysis in Kulon Progo Regency from 2015 to 2021.Subjects dan Method: This descriptive research retrospective approach was conducted from secondary data on malaria cases in Kulon Progo between 2015 and 2021. The variable research in this study are positive malaria cases diagnosed using the traditional method of thick blood and thin smear. The sampling technique in this study used total sampling, in totally 265 cases were included. The Data on malaria cases in Kulon Progo Health Office were used as instruments to develop the spatial map and questionnaires served as a confirmation sheet for demographic characteristic. GPS (Global Positioning System) 10.3 used to determine the coordinates of malaria cases. Data on malaria cases are presented in a six-year time series. Area classification using Arc-GIS 10.1 software with buffer analysis and visualization data was utilized to determine the distribution pattern of malaria.Results: Incidence declined sharply 23.9 to 0.4 cases per 100,000 in 2015 to 2021. The purely cluster of malaria cases trend were in the watershed area at a distance of <250 meters in Kokap Sub-district. Malaria cases were mostly found in rice fields with a distance of <250 meters in Samigaluh Sub-district. All malaria cases were in the garden areas of <250meters in Nanggulang and the forest area of >250 meters in the Kalibawang Sub-district. Conclusion: Probability of malaria transmission are rivers, rice fields and gardens. It is necessary to hold training on the use of the Arc-GIS application for surveillance officers.Keywords: Gis, malaria, mapping, surveillance. Correspondence: Fatma Nuraisyah, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia. Kapas street No. 9, Semaki, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Post Box: 55166; email: fatma.nuraisyah@ikm.uad.ac.id. Mobile: 6285747232100.
Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Vaccination on the COVID-19 Infection Nurhayati, Farida; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.04

Abstract

Background: The Indonesian government has determined that COVID-19 is a public health emergency and a non-natural national disaster that requires multi-strategy management. Strategies such as implementing health protocols and vaccination efforts to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 must continue to be carried out massively. This study aims to analyze the effect of vaccination on COVID-19 infection.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis, with PICO as follows Population= population aged ≥18 years. Intervention= Vaccination. Comparison= Not vaccinated. Outcome= COVID-19 infection. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. These articles were collected over 2 months. The keywords to search for articles are as follows “Vaccine OR Vaccination AND (Infection OR Trans-mission) AND COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2”. The articles included in this study were full-text articles with a retrospective or prospective cohort study design. Articles are collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 10 articles reviewed in this meta-analysis study originating from England, Spain, France showed that COVID-19 vaccination is effective in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection. People who were given the COVID-19 vaccine had a 0.22 times risk of being infected compared to those who were not vaccinated, and the reduced risk was statistically significant (aHR= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.36; p <0.001).Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination is effective in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection. Keywords: vaccination, infection, COVID-19, SARS-COV-2 Correspondence:Farida Nurhayati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: faridafay19@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285642154353.
Associations between Anxiety, Depression, and Poor Quality of Sleep on the Risk of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis Mulianda, Cendekia Airedeta; Murti, Bhisma; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.05

Abstract

Background: Risk factors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) are mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, while sleep disorders affect 50% of patients with IBS. The condition of IBS if it is chronic can have a negative impact on quality of life and work productivity. The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationship between anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality with the risk of irritable bowel syndrome by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis study.Subjects and Method: This article was prepared using systematic review and meta-analysis studies. This study uses the PICO Model. Meta-analytic studies were conducted by searching for articles from databases in electronic form using Google Scholar, PubMed, Springerlink, Sciencedirect, and the Cochrane Library. An article search was conducted on 15-30 October 2022. The keywords used were “irritable bowel syndrome” or “IBS” or “Functional gastrointestinal disorder” or “Anxiety” or “Depression” or “Mental Disorders” or “Psychological stress” or “Sleep quality” or “Sleep disturbances” or “Cross-Sectional”. The inclusion criteria for this study were complete articles using a Cross-Sectional study, with the year of publication 2009-2022. Analysis of the articles in this study used RevMan 5.3 software.Results: A total of 30 cross-sectional studies from Asia were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected shows that anxiety increases 1.53 times and depression 1.29 times with the risk of IBS while poor sleep quality increases the risk of IBS by 1.80 times. This data is considered statistically significant. The results showed that Anxiety (aOR=1.53; 95% CI=1.23 to 1.90; p=0.001), Depression (aOR=1.29; 95% CI=1.05 to 1.59; p=0.02), Poor sleep quality (aOR=1.80; 95% CI=1.48 to 2.19; p<0.001).Conclusion: The relationship between anxiety-depression mental disorder and poor sleep quality is felt to be statistically significant in causing irritable bowel syndrome. Keywords: irritable bowel syndrome, risk factors, anxiety, depression, sleep quality Correspondence:Cendekia Airedeta Mulianda. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: c.airedeta@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282336712311.
Effect of Injecting Drug User on the Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis Saputri, Lusiana Dewi; Widiyaningsih, Vitri; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.07

Abstract

Background: The problem of narcotics abuse is drug users through injecting needles. Injecting drug users are any person who uses narcotics, psychotropics and addictive substances by injection. In addition, another understanding states that injecting drug users (IDU) or Injection Drug Users (IDUs) are users of narcotics/drugs with injecting media. Injecting drug use (IDU) is one of the main causes of HIV infection due to sharing of contaminated injection equipment.Subjects and Method: The meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model. Population = adolescents and adults. Intervention= IDU/Injection Drug User. Comparison= Not an IDU/Injection Drug User. Outcome= HIV/AIDS events. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. These articles were collected over 3 months. The keywords to search for articles are as follows “IDU (Injection Drug User)” AND “life style“ ”HIV/ AIDS ”. There were 15 studies, 9 cross-sectional and 6 cohort studies published in 2012-2022 that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with Revman 5.3.Results: 15 articles with a study design of 9 cross-sectional and 6 cohort studies from Canada, China, Ukraine, Virginia, Nepal, Cambodia, Scotland, Boston and Africa. Studies show that IDUs (Injecting Drug Users) have a 2.17 times risk of developing HIV/AIDS compared to non-IDUs for HIV/AIDS, and these results are statistically significant (aOR= 2.71; 95% CI= 1.22 to 6.02; p= 0.010).Conclusion: IDU (Injection Drug User) increases the incidence of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) / AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Keywords: IDU, lifestyle, HIV/AIDS, Drugs, Meta-Analysis Correspondence:Lusiana Dewi Saputri. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: dewislusiana16@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282328370049.
Effect of Dapagliflozin in Lowering Risk of Heart Failure Severity: Meta-Analysis Andreza, Andreza; Widayati, Anis Nur
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.03

Abstract

Background: Heart failure is a progressive health problem with high mortality and morbidity rates in developed as well as developing countries including Indonesia. Dapagliflozin is one of the oral antidiabetic medicines of the class of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, used in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2). Unlike other oral anti-diabetes that work to stimulate insulin secretion or increase insulin sensitivity, dapagliflozin works in the kidneys by competitively inhibiting the SGLT2 protein reversibly which serves in glucose reabsorption in the glomerulus thereby lowering blood sugar levels in T2DM patients. This study aimed to determine the estimated effect of dapagliflozin on the severity of heart failure patients.Subjects and Method: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis with PICO. Population= Heart failure patients over 18 years old. Intervention= administration of dapagliflozin. Comparison= Placebo. Outcome= severity of Heart Failure. The articles used PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The article search process was conducted from 2019 to 2022 using databases from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus with the search keywords Dapagliflozin, Heart Failure, and Placebo. The analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Results: A total of 8 articles from across 2 continents, America and Asia, reviewed in the meta-analysis, showed that administering Dapagliflozin could reduce the risk of heart failure severity by 0.99 units compared to without dapagliflozin, however, it was statistically insignificant (OR= 0.99; 95% CI= 0.92 to 1.06; p= 0.710).Conclusion: The administration of Dapagliflozin lowers the risk of heart failure severity and is statistically significant. Keywords: dapagliflozin, heart failure, placebo Correspondence: Andreza. Universitas Hasanuddin. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan No.KM.10, Tamalanrea Indah, Kec. Tamalanrea, Makasar City, South Sulawesi. Email: andrezafauzialghifary@gmail.com. Mobile: +625299015320.
Effectiveness of Telehealth in Improving Quality of Life and Lowering Depression in Post-Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis Ni'mah, Siti Luluk Khamidahtun; Tamtomo, Didik; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.06

Abstract

Background: People who have a stroke are generally more likely to have difficulty managing daily activities such as walking, bathing, dressing, and participating in activities in the community and showing symptoms of depression that affects the quality of life. Telehealth is here to help people communicate with health workers without having to come directly to health facilities. The study aims to analyze how much effect telehealth has in improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of depression in post-stroke patients.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study using PICO. Population: post-stroke patients. Intervention: telehealth. Comparison: no telehealth. Outcome: quality of Life and depression. This study used articles from several databases namely Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library using the keywords "Stroke" AND "telehealth" OR "Telerehabilitation" OR "Tele-medicine" OR "Mobile health" OR "mHealth " OR "eHealth" AND "Quality of Life" OR "Health-Related Quality of Life" AND "Depression" AND "Randomized Controlled Trial" OR "RCT" to identify relevant studies. The articles included in the study were articles in English with RCT study design, published between 2012 and 2022. Steps in the systematic review were carried out based on guidelines from PRISMA flow diagram. Quantitative analysis was performed using Revman 5.3.Results: 8 RCTs article from America, Asia, and Europe showed that post-stroke patients who obtained telehealth services on average had 0.87 units higher quality of life than those without telehealth (SMD=0.87; 95% CI =0.30 to 1.44; p=0.003). 8 RCTs article from America and Europe showed that post-stroke patients who obtained telehealth services on average had 0.44 units lower depression than those without telehealth (SMD= -0.44; 95% CI=-0.79 to -0.09; p= 0.010).Conclusion: Telehealth can improve quality of life and lower the risk of depression in post-stroke patients. Keywords: telehealth, post-stroke, quality of life, depression Correspondence:Siti Luluk Khamidahtun Ni'mah. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: lulupanma@gmail.com. Mobile: +628562563503.
Effects of Overweight and Obesity on Hypertension in Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis Zaen, Nurussyifa Afiana; Tamtomo, Didik; Ichsan, Burhannudin
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.10

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is currently starting to show a trend in prevalence that continues to increase at a younger age and is a major cause of premature death in the world. In adolescents, hypertension is more common who are overweight or obese. This study aims to examine the effect of overweight and obesity on the incidence of hypertension in adolescents using a meta-analysis.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model. Population: adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Intervention: overweight and obesity. Comparison: normoweight. Outcome: hypertension). The databases used are PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar with the keywords (hypertension OR "High Blood Pressure") AND "BMI Status" AND (adolescent OR teenager) AND "cross sectional". There were 9 cross-sectional studies published in 2012-2022 with odds ratio (OR) effect size that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3.Results: A meta-analysis was conducted on 9 articles with a cross-sectional study design originating from China, South Korea, India, Turkey, Tunisia, Lithuania and Poland involving 63,239 adolescents aged 10-19 years. The results of the meta-analysis showed that overweight adolescents were 2.44 times more likely to experience hypertension compared to normal weight adolescents (aOR= 2.44; 95%CI= 1.87 to 3.19; p<0.001), and obese adolescents were more likely to experience hypertension 4.53 times compared with normal weight adolescents (aOR= 4.53; 95% CI= 3.10 to 6.61; p<0.001).Conclusion: Being overweight and obese can increase the risk of developing hypertension in adolescents. Keywords: overweight, obesity, hypertension, adolescents, meta-analysis Correspondence: Nurussyifa Afiana Zaen. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: nurussyifaaz20@gmail.com. Mobile: +6287723131415.
Prevalence of Hand Hygiene and Its Risk to Hand Eczema: A Meta-Analysis Pangesti, Lely Tri; Murti, Bhisma; Ischan, Burhannudin
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.09

Abstract

Background: Hand eczema is an inflammation of the skin that is limited to the hands and/or wrists. Since the pandemic began, washing hands is one of the actions that can be taken as an effort to prevent the spread of COVID-19. With the increasing frequency of hand washing by health workers during the pandemic, it is important to evaluate the risk of developing hand eczema in health personnel.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out according to the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model (Population: health workers, Intervention: high frequency of hand washing, Comparison: low frequency of hand washing, Outcome: Hand eczema). The databases used are Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Proquest, and Science Direct. Keywords used (hand hygiene) OR (frequency hand washing) AND (hand eczema). There were 17 cross-sectional studies published in 2018 to 2022 that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with Revman 5.3. Results: A meta-analysis was performed on 17 cross-sectional studies from China, Turkey, India, Thailand, Denmark, Sweden, Bulgaria and Ethiopia. The total sample size is 31,154. A meta-analysis of 10 cross-sectional studies concluded that hand hygiene with a frequency of 8 to 10 times per day has a 1.46 times the risk of having hand eczema compared to hand hygiene with a frequency of <8 times per day (aOR=1.46; 95% CI 1.46 to 1.80; p<0.001). A meta-analysis of 10 cross-sectional studies concluded that hand hygiene with a frequency of 15 to 20 times per day has a 1.58 times the risk of experiencing hand hygiene compared to a frequency of <15 times per day (aOR=1.58; 95% CI 1.43 to 1.74; p<0.001).Conclusion: The higher the frequency of hand hygiene, the higher the risk of hand eczema. Keywords: hand hygiene, risk of hand eczema, health personnel Correspondence:Lely Tri Pangesti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah. Email: lellytrip@gmail.com. Telepon: 082223360202.
Meta-Analysis the Effects of Social Isolation and Loneliness on Cardiovascular Disease and Death in Elderly Wulandari, Ayu Novita; Murti, Bhisma; Tamtomo, Didik
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.01.11

Abstract

Background: The impact of social isolation and loneliness on health and well-being is recognized globally as a public health problem. Social isolation can be experienced at any age, especially the elderly. This study aims to analyze and estimate the influence of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular disease and death in the elderly.Subjects and Method: The meta-analysis was carried out according to the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model. P: Elderly, I: Social isolation and loneliness, C: Not social isolation and not lonely, O: Cardiovascular disease and death. Search for articles in this study through databases that include PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus with keywords "social isolation" AND "loneliness" AND "cardiovascular disease" AND "elderly". “Social isolation” AND “loneliness” AND “mortality” AND “elderly”. Full paper article with cohort design, adjusted Hazard Ratio for effect size, research outcome are cardiovascular disease and death. Analysis was performed using Revman 5.3.Results: There were 18 articles with cohort designs originating from America, Finland, Canada, Tai-wan, Australia, the United States, Japan, Denmark, Amsterdam, England, Sweden, Jerusalem, Europe with a total of 1,375,816 research samples. A meta-analysis of 13 cohort studies concluded that seniors who were socially isolated had a 1.23 times the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to those who were not socially isolated, and the effect was statistically significant (aHR= 1.23; 95% CI= 1.10 to 1.38; p= 0.003). In addition, the elderly who are socially isolated have a risk of dying 1.16 times compared to those who are not socially isolated, and this effect is statistically significant (aHR= 1.16; 95% CI= 1.07 to 1.21; p= 0.003). A meta-analysis of 13 cohort studies concluded that lonely elderly people had a 1.10 times greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to lonely people, and the effect was statistically significant (aHR= 1.10; 95% CI= 1.01 to 1.20; p= 0.003). In addition, lonely elderly people have a risk of dying 1.19 times compared to being lonely, and the effect is statistically significant (aHR= 1.19; 95% CI= 1.02 to 1.39; p= 0.002).Conclusion: Social isolation and loneliness increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in elderly. Keywords: social isolation, loneliness, cardiovascular, death, elderly. Correspondence:Ayu Novita Wulandari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah. Email: ayunovitawulandari98@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282281301325.

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