Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Article Per Year (5 Year)

All

Indonesian Journal of Medicine

theijmed
Website

Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret

ISSN : - EISSN : 25490265 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, focusing on the intersection of biomedical science, clinical medicine, and community medicine. The journal began its publication on August 20, 2015, and is published online three times yearly. It is academically designed for all physicians, health researchers, and health care professionals, regardless of their medical specialties, or type of employment.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 12 Documents

1 2

Search results for , issue "vol. 5 no. 4 (2020)" : 12 Documents clear

Meta-Analysis: Effect of Probiotics on the Frequency and Duration of Diarrhea in Children Under Five Ciptaningtyas, Wahyu Agustin Dwi; Murti, Bhisma; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Digestive tract disease is still a health problem around the world, currently there are 2,544,084 cases of diarrhea in Indonesia in 2016. In the Central Java region, there are an estimated of 911,901 cases of diarrhea, while 95,635 cases of diarrhea have been handled. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the effect of probiotics on the frequency and duration of diarrhea among toddler based on the results of a number of similar previous studies.Subjects and Method: This study was a systematic study and meta-analysis, with PICO as follows: Population= children under five. Intervention= Probiotics. Comparison= Not Probiotic. Outcome= Frequency and Duration of Diarrhea in toddlers. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Springer Link, Cochrane Database, Hindawi, Elsevier, JBBA, LWW, Google Scholar. The keywords for searching articles are as follows: "Probiotic", OR "frequency", OR "diarrhea", "kid", OR child "AND" Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). The articles included in this study were full text articles with a randomized controlled trial study design. Articles were collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 12 articles reviewed in this meta-analysis study originated from India, Canada, Indonesia, America, Iran. Studies showed that the effect of probiotics decreased the frequency (Standarized mean difference -0.32; 95% CI= -0.67 to 0.03 p= 0.070). The effect of probiotics reduced the duration of diarrhea in children under five (Standarized mean difference= -0.74; 95% CI= -1.60 to 0.12 p= 0.090).Conclusion: Probiotics reduced the frequency and duration of diarrhea in toddlers.Keywords: Probiotics, Frequency, Diarrhea, ToddlersCorrespondence: Wahyu Agustin Dwi Ciptaningtyas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: agustinfaa@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 321-330https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.07.

Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity on the Risk of Death in Covid-19 Patients Kun'ain, Utin Ilma Agni; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Corona Virus Deases 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the corona virus. COVID-19 is currently a challenge for diabetes patients. Diabetes mellitus predisposes to a very severe disease course and increases the risk of death from COVID-19. This study aims to estimate the average magnitude of the effect of diabetes mellitus comorbidity on the risk of death of COVID-19 patients.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. This research was conducted using secondary data that will be conducted by searching and selecting data from the results of clinical trials conducted around the world. Search for articles through systematic and comprehensive databases from Pubmed, Google Scholar, Springer Link. The analysis in this study was carried out using the Review Manager 5.3 software. The results of the analysis are the effect size, heterogeneity and then the study model. Variations between studies are used to determine the analysis model which is divided into two models, namely the fixed effect model (FEM) and the random effect model (REM).Results: Based on the results of the analysis, there was high heterogeneity between experiments (I2= 85%; p= 0.04), so that the Random Effects Model (REM) was used. COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus were 2.17 times more likely to die than patients without comorbid diabetes mellitus (aOR 2.17; 95% CI 1.04 to 4.54).Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus co-morbidity increases 2.17 times the risk of death in COVID-19 patients compared to patients without diabetes mellitus comorbidity.Keywords: COVID-19, Comorbidity, Diabetes Mellitus, DeathCorrespondence: Utin Ilma Agni Kun'ain. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: utinilmaagni8p@gmail.com. Mobile: +628111044542.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 368-377https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.12.

Relationship between APO-A, APO-B, and C-reactive Protein with Depression in Epileptic Patients Mirawati, Diah Kurnia; Widhianingsih, Nella Lusti; Rakhma, Titian; Subandi, Subandi; Danuaji, Rivan; Budianto, Pepi; Prabaningtyas, Hanindya Riani; Putra, Stefanus Erdana
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Epilepsy is one of the oldest neurological disease requiring long-term treatment. Long-term use of certain anti-epileptic drugs (AED) will strongly induce cytochrome-P450 (CYP) enzyme resulting increase of homocysteine associated with risk of cerebrovascular disease and depression. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between serum level of ApoA, ApoB, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) with depression in epileptic patients receiving AED therapy.Subjects and Method: Respondents of this cross-sectional study were epileptic outpatients in neurology clinic Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta receiving AED therapy and met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Depression condition was evaluated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Serum level of ApoA, ApoB, and CRP of each respondent were measured from vein blood. Data were analyzed by a multiple linear regression.Results: There were 51 epileptic patients with proportional ratio between men and women (1.2:1) with age range from 18 to 59 years old. The average length of AED 92.67 months (Mean= 92.67; SD= 91.58). Average of HDRS score was 8.49. Meanwhile, average of ApoA level was 86.14 mg/dL, average of ApoB level was 47.57 mg/dL, and average of CRP level was 0.18 mg/dL. Serum level of ApoA, ApoB, and CRP increased depression (HDRS score) in epileptic patients.Conclusion: There was a statistically significant relationship between serum level of ApoA, ApoB, and CRP with depressive condition of epileptic patients receiving long-term AED treatment.Keywords: ApoA, ApoB, C-Reactive Protein, depression, epilepsyCorrespondence: Diah Kurnia Mirawati. Neurology Department of Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital/ Medical Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia. Email: diahkm@staff.uns.ac.id.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 282-290https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.03.

Skin Coverage for Acute Fingertip Injuries – A case series of Traumatic Injury at Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Hospital, Surakarta Sumarwoto, Tito; Hadinoto, Seti Aji; Bayudono, Sigit; Utomo, Pamudji
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Traumatic fingertip injuries are the most common injuries of the hand. Several million estimated visits to primary care providers and the emergency department occur each year. But the handling is often not done properly and comprehensively. Reconstruction of the fingertip must be done as soon as possible in the acute stage, resulting in better outcomes in the future. Aim of the surgery was to restore as much finger length, preserve sensation fingertip properties and achieve normal nail growth, and cosmetics appearance as well.Case presentation: Three cases of emergency patients with fingertip injury treated at the hospital in the acute setting. All of these patients experienced work injuries and were immediately taken to the emergency department.Results: The debridement and skin coverage reconstruction were carried out. Functional and aesthetic outcome were a postoperative assessment.Conclusion: The right choice of treatment and good wound care will produce a better outcome.Keywords: traumatic injury, fingertip injury, skin coverageCorrespondence: Tito Sumarwoto. Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 331-336https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.08.

Hypnosis and Dyspareunia: A Meta Analysis Kumalasari, Ratna Dewi; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Prasetya, Hanung
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Sexual satisfaction refers to a person's pleasant feelings from the type of sexual relationship that forms an important part of one partner's impression of another. 75% of women experience sexual problems. Symptoms of sexual dysfunction occur in nearly half of the marriage period and 75% of couples need therapy. This study aims to analyze the effect of hypnosis on pain during sexual activity and the intensity of pain.Subjects and Method: This study was a meta-analysis and a systematic study. The articles used were obtained from several electronic databases including Pubmed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. Articles were collected for 4 weeks. The keywords to search for articles were as follows: "non-medical therapy", "non-medical care", "randomized control trial", "sexual disturbance", "sexual function", "sexual satisfaction". The articles studied were full text articles with an observational research design. Articles were collected using PRISMA diagrams, and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: The effects of hypnosis on pain during sexual activity (aOR= 3.55; 95% CI= 2.63 to 4.79; p = 0.001) and intensity of pain (aOR= 2.39; 95% CI= 1.96 to 2.82; p= 0.006).Conclusion: Hypnosis can reduce pain during sexual activity and the intensity of pain.Keywords: Hypnosis, sexual dysfunctionCorrespondence: Kumalasari. Masters Program in Public Health Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: logicakinanthi@gmail.com. Mobile: +62812623900900.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 291-298https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.04.

The Relationship of Amount of Pleural Fluid and Time of Pleurodesis with the Results of Pleurodesis in Malignant Pleural Effusions Sutanto, Yusup Subagio; Sigit, Indarto; Kurniawan, Hendra
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Pleural effusion can be an early sign of lung cancer in more than 25% of cases. Lung cancer is the most common cause of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Pleurodesis is performed when the amount of pleural fluid is <150 ml/day, but it is difficult as its productive nature. This study aimed to find the right time to perform pleurodesis on patients with MPE, which is expected to achieve optimal results.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from June to July 2020. The study subjects were 17 patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) diagnosed with lung cancer who underwent water seal drainage (WSD) and indicated for pleurodesis. The dependent variable was the success of the pleurodesis procedure. The independent variables were the amount of evacuated pleural fluid and the time of pleurodesis performed. The study instruments were diagnosis of lung cancer with anatomic pathology, measurement of the amount of pleural fluid, and posteroanterior chest X-ray evaluating the success of pleurodesis. The data were analyzed using Spearman correlation, ANOVA to determine the differences in the amount of pleural fluid at the first, second, and third hours, and continued with post hoc LSD analysis using SPSS 21.Results: The pleurodesis success rate had positive correlation with the amount of pleural fluid (r= 0.24; p= 0.345) and the time of pleurodesis performed at the first hour (r= 0.10; p= 0.701), second hour (r= 0.03; p= 0.921), and third hour (r= 0.41; p= 0.106). Pleurodesis performed at the second hour had the lowest amount of pleural fluid (Mean= 84.66; SD= 38.88), followed by third hour (Mean= 110.77; SD= 65.57), and first hour (Mean= 111.22; SD= 57.83), but the differences were not statistically significant (p= 0.285).Conclusion: The pleurodesis success rate has a positive correlation with the amount of pleural fluid and the time of pleurodesis, but it was not statistically significant. There is no significant difference in the amount of pleural fluid evacuated at the three different times of pleurodesis. The least amount of pleural fluid obtains at the second hour (14.00-22.00).Keywords: malignant pleural effusion, amount of pleural fluid, pleurodesis, pleurodesis timeCorrespondence: Yusup Subagio Sutanto. Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Jl. Kolonel Sutarto 132, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: dr_yusupsubagio@yahoo.com. Mobile: +62811284165.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 337-342https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.09.

Relationship between Formula Milk and the Incidence Obesity in Children Under Five: Meta-Analysis Yopiana, Elma; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Obesity is a nutritional disorder that most often occurs in children. Obesity is associated with worse health outcomes in children, including asthma and sleep apnea. This study aimed to examine the relationship between formula feeding and obesity in children under five.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study conducted by systematically reviewing articles from PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. The articles used in this research are articles that have been published from 2008-2016. The search for articles was carried out by considering the eligibility criteria using the PICO model, P: toddlers, I: formula feeding, C: breastfeeding, O: obesity. The key words for finding articles were as follows: "OR" Formula milk "OR" Infant Formula") AND" Breast Feeding "AND (Obesity OR" Body Mass Index"). The inclusion criteria used were full paper, used English, cohort and cross-sectional observational study design and the results reported were adjusted odds ratio. Articles were collected using PRISMA diagrams, and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 9 articles were conducted meta-analysis in this study with a sample size of 26,119. The results of the meta-analysis of the cohort study showed that formula feeding increased the incidence of obesity in children under five (aOR= 1.10; 95% CI= 0.78 to 1.56; p= 0.570). The results of the meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed that formula feeding increased the incidence of obesity in children under five (aOR= 1.25; 95% CI= 0.59 to 2.63; p= 0.560).Conclusion: Formula feeding increases the incidence of obesity in children under five.Keywords: Obesity, formula, toddlers, meta-analysisCorrespondence: Elma Yopiana. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: elmayopiana@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 299-307https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.05.

Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Lower Extremity Amputation in Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Foot Ulcers Septiani, Anissa Eka; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Prasetya, Hanung
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is a complication of diabetes mellitus which costs high, takes long wound care, increases mortality, morbidity and causes non-traumatic amputation. There are risk factors that are thought to be the cause of lower limb amputation in diabetic foot ulcers, namely peripheral artery disease, hypertension and gender. This study aims to estimate the influence of peripheral artery disease, hypertension and gender on the risk of lower limb amputation in diabetes mellitus patients with leg ulcers.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis studies and systematic reviews were applied to this study using electronic databases of Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Springer Link. The keywords to search for articles are as follows: "diabetic foot", "lower limb amputation", "lower extremity amputation", "risk factor", "predictor", "cohort", "retrospective", "adjusted odds ratio". Articles were collected using PRISMA diagrams, and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: Meta-analysis of 9 cohort articles of diabetic foot ulcer patients with peripheral artery disease (aOR= 2.46; 95% CI= 1.70 - 3.55; p<0.01); Meta-analysis of 8 cohort articles, diabetic foot ulcer patients with hypertension (aOR= 1.05; 95% CI= 0.66 - 1.68; p= 0.83); Meta-analysis of 9 cohort articles of male diabetic foot ulcer patients (aOR= 1.60; 95% CI= 1.32 - 1.94; p<0.01); Peripheral artery disease, hypertension and male gender are risk factors that can increase the incidence of lower limb amputation.Conclusion: Peripheral artery disease, hypertension and male gender are risk factors that can increase the incidence of lower limb amputation.Keywords: Peripheral artery disease, diabetic foot ulcer, lower limb amputationCorrespondence: Anissa Eka Septiani. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java,. Email: sanissaeka@gmail.com. Mobile: 089514646458.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 343-355https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.10.

Association between Myeloperoxidase and High Sensitive Troponin I on Myocardial Contractility in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Wasyanto, Trisulo; Meilus, Budi Patria; Yasa, Ahmad
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels have been shown to have prognostic values for death events in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Increased levels of high sensitive troponin I (hs Trop I) are associated with poorer prognosis in AMI patients. This study aimed to determine the association between levels of MPO and hs troponin I at admisson on myocardial contractility in AMI patients.Subjects and Method: This was a prospective observational analytic study, conducted at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, from November1, 2018 to January 31, 2019. The study subjects were patients who were diagnosed with AMI. A total of 23 patients were included in this study; 15 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 8 with non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The dependent variable was myocardial contractility. The independent variables were MPO and hs Trop I. Blood tests for MPO and hs Trop I was measured at admission and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured when predischarge by the Simpson method to examine myocardial contractility. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation run on SPSS 22. Results: hs Trop I (r= -0.53; p= 0.009) and MPO (r= -0.15; p=0.487) decreased LVEF.Conclusion: Hs Trop I at admission has a correlation with myocardial contractility, and no correlation of MPO at admission with myocardial contractility in AMI patients.Keywords: Myeloperoxidase, High sensitive Troponin I, Acute myocardial infarctionCorrespondence: Trisulo Wasyanto. Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/ Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Jl. Kol. Sutarto 132, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: trisulo.wasyanto@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 265-271https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.01.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation and Calcium in Reducing the Risk of Preeclampsia: Meta-Analysis Fajriyani, Fanny Kartika; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Murti, Bhisma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a major complication in pregnancy and a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Analysis of risk factors and prevention of preeclampsia are needed to reduce the adverse effects of preeclampsia. Important supplements during pregnancy to prevent the increase in blood pressure of pregnant women are Vitamin D and calcium. This study aimed to analyze the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on reducing the risk of preeclampsia.Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis of a number of randomized controlled trials. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Springerlink, and Sciencedirect. The articles used in this study were those published from 2002-2020. The article search was carried out by considering the eligibility criteria defined using the PICO model. P: Pregnant women, I: vitamin D and calcium, C: placebo, and O: preeclampsia. The keywords to find articles are as follows: "Vitamin D" OR "Calcium" OR "Vitamin D and Calcium" AND "preeclampsia" AND "Randomized Controll Trials". The articles included in this study are full text articles with Cross-sectional study design. Articles were collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3.Results: A total of 9 articles were reviewed in this study. The meta-analysis showed that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women (RR= 0.45, 95% CI 0.32-0.63, p<0.001). The meta-analysis of 8 articles also showed that calcium supplementation reduced the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with calcium (RR= 0.42; 95% CI= 0.31 - 0.57; p<0.001). This meta-analysis combines primary research from Iran, India, Bangladesh, South Africa, Cameroon, and Saudi Arabia.Conclusion: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces the risk of preeclampsia.Keywords: vitamin D, Calcium, preeclampsia, randomized controlled trialCorrespondence: Fanny Kartika Fajriyani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: fannykfa9@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 308-320https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.06.

Page 1 of 2 | Total Record : 12

1 2

Filter by Year

2020 2020

Filter By Issues

All Issue Vol.11 No.3 (2026) Vol.11 No.2 (2026) Vol.11 No.1 (2026) Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025) Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025) Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024) Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024) Vol. 8 No. 4 (2023) Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023) Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2020) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2020) More Issue

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota surakarta,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name -

Contact Email -

Phone -

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kota surakarta, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota surakarta,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA