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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Medicine
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490265     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, focusing on the intersection of biomedical science, clinical medicine, and community medicine. The journal began its publication on August 20, 2015, and is published online three times yearly. It is academically designed for all physicians, health researchers, and health care professionals, regardless of their medical specialties, or type of employment.
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Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)" : 12 Documents clear
Alcoholic/Narcotic Anonymous Program Outcome: A Systematic Review Adriana, Nadya Puspita; Wicaksono, Dipo
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2023.8.3.650

Abstract

Background: Recovery and long-term remission are the goals of treatment for substance use disorders. Though there are many pathways to recovery, the alcoholic/narcotic anonymous program is widely recommended for people with addiction as an adjunct to professional treatment services. However, not many studies reviewed the outcome resulting from alcoholic/ narcotic anonymous programs. This study aimed to systematically review the outcome of alcoholic/ narcotic anonymous programs. Subjects and Method: This article was a systematic review study conducted by searching for articles from online databases such as EBSCO, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. PICO: 1) Populations: alcohol addict or illegal drug abuser who is a member or ever joined the alcohol or narcotic anonymous program; 2) Intervention: alcohol or narcotic anonymous program; 3) Comparison: alcohol or narcotic addict or illegal drug abuser who is not the member or never join the alcohol or narcotic anonymous program or etc; 4) Outcome: a variety of outcomes such as reduce of drinking. The dependent variable is the outcome of AA programs. The inclusion criteria for this study were full articles using an observational or experimental study, with the publication year from 2000 until 31st May 2023. The data extraction was focused on the relationship between AA/NA program with the outcome resulting and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. Results: A total of 9 articles reviewed in this study were from USA and UK. Six studies reported there is a significant relationship between attendance at the AA/ NA program with the increase in days of abstinence. Two studies explained that attending the AA/ NA program could lower the amount and frequency of illegal drug use. Only one study discussed that the AA/NA program could also lessen the depression that addiction causes. Conclusion: Our review suggested that attending the AA/ NA program has benefits such as abstinence, reduced frequency or amount of substance intake, and a reduction in depression or problems brought on by using illegal substances. Keywords: abstinence, alcoholic anonymous, alcoholism, narcotic anonymous, outcome. Correspondence: Nadya Puspita Adriana. Universitas Kusuma Husada. Jaya Wijaya No.11, Banjarsari, Central Java, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: nadyadriana91@gmail.com. Mobile: 0821-3800-7567
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Sleep Quality in Patients with Insomnia: A Meta-Analysis Octaviani, Cynthia; Prasetya, Hanung; Murti, Bhisma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2023.8.3.652

Abstract

Background: The relationship between sleep quality and sleep quantity is very close and has a significant impact on a person's sleep needs. If someone does not get enough sleep, then this will have an impact on the quality of their sleep, and vice versa. Therefore, maintaining a good quality of sleep is very important to maintain a healthy body and improve quality of life. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on sleep quality in insomnia patients. Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis with PICO. Population: insomnia patients. Intervention: given cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Comparison: not given cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Outcome: sleep quality. The articles used in this study were obtained from five databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The keywords used to search for articles use the medical subject heading (MeSH) term and the emtree of the keywords "Insomnia" AND "Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia" AND "Sleep Quality". The articles used were full text in English from 2013 to 2023. Articles were selected using the 2021 PRISMA flowchart and analyzed using the RevMan 5.3 application. Results: A total of 10 randomized controlled trial study articles came from Iran, Canada, Spain, Texas, Korea, Kansas and the United States. The total sample size is 473 research subjects. Based on the analysis, insomnia patients who were given CBT-I therapy showed an average PSQI score of 1.88 units lower than those not given CBT-I (placebo), and the difference was statistically significant (SMD = -1.88; 95% CI = -2.55 to -1.22; p<0.001). Then insomnia patients who were given CBT-I showed an average PSQI score of 0.52 units lower than those given other insomnia therapies, and the difference was statistically significant (SMD= -0.52; 95% CI= -0.77 to -0.28; p <0.001) . Then when viewed as a whole, it shows that insomnia patients who are given CBT-I therapy on average have or show a PSQI score of 0.78 units lower than other therapies and without CBT-I therapy (placebo), and this difference is statistically significant (SMD= -0.78; 95% CI= -1.13 to -0.42; p < 0.001). Conclusion:  Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) can improve sleep quality in insomnia patients (decrease the PSQI score). Keywords:  insomnia, cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia, sleep quality. Correspondence:  Cynthia Octaviani. Master's Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: Cynthia.octaviani14@gmail.com. Mobile: +6287812315855.  
Effect of Gluten Free Casein Free Diet on Maladaptive Behavior in Autistic Children: Meta-Analysis Nurul Hakim, Ruliany Yuni; Tamtomo, Didik; Murti, Bhisma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2023.8.3.647

Abstract

Background: Children with Autism tend to experience gastrointestinal disorders more often. Interactions between the gut and brain microbiome influence mood and behavior in health and disease. Diet therapy, specifically the gluten and case-free diet (GFCF) is an elimination diet that involves removing certain proteins from the normal diet, such as gluten and casein. The right intervention can change behavior for the better and through the right handling. This study aims to estimate the effect of a case-free gluten-free diet on maladaptive behavior in autistic children, through a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by previous authors. Subjects and Method:  This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: Autism children, intervention: gluten-free case-free diet, comparison: no case-free gluten-free diet, outcome: maladaptive behavior. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using the search key “Diet Gluten Free Casein Free” OR “NonDiet Gluten Free Casein Free” OR “GFCF” AND “Autism” OR “Autism” AND “Maladaptive” AND “Randomize Controlled Trial” OR “RCT”. The included article is a full-text Randomized Controlled Trial study designed from 2002 to 2022 and reports the mean and SD in multivariate analysis. The selection of articles is done using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4 application. Results:  A total of 7 randomized controlled trial studies conducted in the Americas, Europe, and Asia were selected for meta-analysis. Autistic children who received casein-free gluten-free had an average score of 0.11 units of maladaptive behavior lower than those who were not given a diet (SMD= 0.11 95% CI= .035 to 0.13; p= 0.360). Conclusion:  The casein-free gluten-free diet has an effect on reducing the risk of maladaptive behavior in children with autism. Keywords:  casein free gluten-free diet, gfcf, maladaptive behavior, autism Correspondence: Ruliany Yuni Nurul Hakim. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: Ruliany27@gmail.com. Ponsel +6282124886320. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(03): 286294
Effect of "TRISNA" Cultural Approach on Anxiety Reduction and Coping Increase in Drug Patients Adriani, Rita Benya; Sulistyowati, Endang Caturini
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2023.8.3.660

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi penyalahgunaan narkoba di Provinsi Jawa Tengah relatif tinggi setelah Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur yaitu 450.000 kasus dengan prevalensi 2,5%. Dukungan psikososial diperlukan untuk mengurangi kasus penyalahgunaan narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan budaya “Trisna” terhadap penurunan kecemasan dan peningkatan coping pada pasien program terapi rumatan metadon. Subyek dan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan Quasi-Experimental Design yang dilakukan di RSUD Moewardi Surakarta pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2017. Populasi penelitian adalah 12 pasien Program Terapi Rumatan Metadon di RSUD Moewardi Surakarta. Penelitian menggunakan teknik total sampling. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah dukungan psikososial dengan pendekatan budaya “Trisna”, sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah kecemasan dan coping. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner kecemasan dengan menggunakan Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Analisis data dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik sampel. Analisis bivariat diukur dengan Independent T-Test dengan Aplikasi SPSS. Hasil: Dukungan psikososial yang cukup besar dapat menurunkan kecemasan sebelum intervensi (Mean = 24.50; SD= 20.66) dan setelah intervensi (Mean= 21.33; SD= 18.10) dan secara statistik tidak signifikan p = 0.693. Terdapat peningkatan coping pada pasien kecanduan narkoba, sebelum intervensi (Mean = 24.50; SD= 8.70) dan setelah intervensi (Mean= 25.92; SD= 8.14) dan secara statistik tidak signifikan p = 0.683. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perubahan berupa penurunan kecemasan dan peningkatan coping pada pasien program terapi rumatan metadon yang mendapatkan intervensi dukungan psikososial dengan pendekatan budaya “Trisna”. Kata Kunci: dukungan psikososial, kecemasan, coping. Korespondensi: Rita Benya Adriani, Kementerian Kesehatan Surakarta, Politeknik Kesehatan Surakarta, Jalan Letjend Sutoyo, Mojosongo, Surakarta 57127, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: benyaadriani@gmail.com. Ponsel +628122617033.
Hypertension Self-Care Behavior and Its Associated Factors among Patients with Hypertension Azmiardi, Akhmad; widiyanto, Aris; Atmojo, Joko Tri; Anasulfalah, Hakim; Mubarok, Ahmad Syauqi; Iswahyuni, Sri
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2023.8.3.649

Abstract

Background:  Hypertension is a chronic medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide and can lead to severe health complications. Hypertension self-care behavior is important in managing their condition and reducing their risk of complication. This study aimed to to determine factors that associated with self-care behavior among patients with hypertension. Subjects and Method:  This was cross-sectional study, conducted at Boyolali Regency, Central Java. A total of 122 participant are included in this study. The Independent variables were including age, sex, education level, income, and duration of hypertension. The dependent variable was Hypertension self-care behavior. The data of Hypertension self-care behavior were collected by Hypertension self-care behavior questionnaire (HSCBQ). Knowledge about hypertension was measured using a modified questionnaire of hypertension evaluation of lifestyle and management (HELM). The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results:  Age ≥ 50 years (aOR=3.76; 95%CI=1.30 to 10.50; p=0.014), higher level of education (aOR=6.06; 95%CI=1.91 to 22.85; p=0.003) higher income (aOR=2.89; 95%CI=1.07 to 7.80; p=0.035), longer duration of hypertension (aOR=3.35; 95%CI=1.13 to 9.93; p=0.029) and good knowledge of hypertension (aOR=10.56; 95%CI=3.51 to 31.71; p<0.001) were associated and statistically significant with Hypertension self-care behavior. Conclusion:  Older age, higher level of education, higher income, longer duration of hypertension and good knowledge had statistically significant association with good Hypertension self-care behavior. Keywords:  age, duration of hypertension, hypertension self-care behavior, income, knowledge, level of education. Correspondence: Akhmad Azmiardi. School of Health Science Mamba’ul ‘Ulum Surakarta. Jln. Ringroad, Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: aazmiardi@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285245412021.  
Meta-Analysis: Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture in Reducing Anxiety and Depression Astuti, Yessy Widhi; Murti, Bhisma; Prasetya, Hanung
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2023.8.3.648

Abstract

Background:  Anxiety and depression can happen to anyone, especially in patients with certain diseases. Anxiety and depression can affect activity, and reduce quality of sleep, and life. Electroacupuncture is one of the therapies with small side effects to reduce anxiety and depression and provide a sedative effect. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture therapy to reduce anxiety and depression in patients based on the results of similar studies.Subjects and Method:  This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis based on PICO, Population: Patients. Intervention: Electroacupuncture. Comparison: NonElectroacupuncture. Outcome: Decreased anxiety and depression. Data were obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct Hindawi, BMC, and Springer Link databases from 2010 to 2023. The search process used the keywords "electroacupuncture" AND "anxiety" OR "depression" AND "RCT". Article selection used the PRISMA flowchart and the results were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software.Results: 9 articles from Brazil, Spain, Hong Kong, and China with a sample size of 458 subjects were used in a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of electroacupuncture to reduce anxiety. And as many as 11 articles from Brazil, Spain, Hong Kong, and China with a sample size of 555 subjects were used for a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of electroacupuncture to reduce depression with an RCT study design. The results of the meta-analysis showed that patients who received electroacupuncture therapy intervention experienced an average of 0.68 units lower in anxiety (SMD=0.68; 95% CI= 1.04 to 0.33; p=0.001) and 0.51 units lower in depression (SMD =0.51; 95% CI= 0.86 to 0.16; p=0.004) compared to the group without electroacupuncture therapy.Conclusion:  Electroacupuncture therapy reduces anxiety and depression.Keywords:  acupuncture, electroacupuncture, anxiety, depressionCorrespondence:  Yessy Widhi Astuti, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: widhiyessy123@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285754174209.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(03): 295-309https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.03.07
Meta-Analysis: Effect of Acupuncture Therapy in Lowering Frozen Shoulder Pain Murti, Mehdya Vikia; Prasetya, Hanung; Adriani, Rita Benya
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2023.8.3.646

Abstract

Background:  Acupuncture therapy has become a popular non-drug therapy with good curative effects, convenient application, non-toxic side effects, and low cost, and it has been widely used in the treatment of Frozen Shoulder. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effect of acupuncture therapy on reducing the degree of pain in Frozen shoulders. Subjects and Method:  This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis by following PICO, Population: Frozen Shoulder patients. Intervention: acupuncture therapy. Comparison: no acupuncture therapy. Result: reduction in the degree of Frozen shoulder pain. The data used was obtained from scientific research articles from electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Hindawi, BMC, Scopus, and Science Direct Randomized Control Trial (RCT) designs from 2011 to 2022 which report effect sizes with mean and SD. The keywords used in the search for scientific articles are “Acupuncture” AND “Frozen Shoulder” AND “Frozen Shoulder Pain”. The selection of articles was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart. Data were analyzed using Review Manager software version 5.4.1. Results:  A total of 9 articles with eligible RCT designs from Asia and Europe were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that patients with Frozen Shoulders who received acupuncture therapy experienced a degree of pain 0.48 units lower than without acupuncture and was statistically significant (SMD= -0.48; 95% CI= -1.14 to -0.18; p=0.15). Conclusion:  Acupuncture therapy reduces the degree of Frozen Shoulder pain. Keywords:  acupuncture, pain, frozen shoulder. Correspondence: Mehdya Vikia Murti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126. Email: mehdyvikiamurti@gmail.com. Mobile: +62895363037033.
Effect of Early Warning Score on Length of Stay and Mortality of Non-Surgical Patients in the Intensive Care Room at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta Khoirunnisa, Luthfiana Nadhiifa; Arifin, Arifin; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2023.8.3.653

Abstract

Background: One of the efforts to improve the quality of life and patient safety in hospitals is the use of the Early Warning Score (EWS). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of EWS on the length of stay and mortality of non-surgical patients in the intensive care unit of Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta.Subjects and Method:  This study is an observational study conducted using a prospective cohort study. A purposive sampling study conducted on June 10 - July 10 was carried out by taking a sample of 120 non-surgical patients in the ICU of Dr. Moewardi Hopital, Surakarta with inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study chose the early warning score as the independent variable and length of stay and mortality as the dependent variable. The method of collecting data on EWS, length of stay, and mortality was using an observation sheet filled out by the researcher. This study assessed differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes using the Chi-Square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results:  There is a statistically significant effect of EWS on length of stay (p = 0.024). EWS also has a statistically significant effect on mortality p<0.001.Conclusion:  There is an effect of EWS on the length of stay and mortality of non-surgical patients.Keywords:  EWS, length of stay, mortality, non-surgical patients, intensive careCorrespondence:  Luthfiana Nadhiifa Khoirunnisa. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: luthfiana@student.uns.ac.id. Mobile: +62 82111170000.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(03): 310-316https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.03.08
Difference in the Effect of Giving Neck Stabilization Exercise with Stretching on Improvement of Neck Functional Ability in Non-Specific Neck Pain Dekamelania, Almas Khonsa; Basuki, Nur; Wahyono, Yulianto
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2023.8.3.631

Abstract

Background:  Tailor workers when working with a bowed position and a long static position, the muscles will contract excessively resulting in spasms and pain that causes non-specific neck pain which will interfere with the functional ability of the neck. Neck stabilization exercises and stretching can be exercises to improve neck functional ability in non-specific neck pain. This study aims to determine the difference in the effect of neck stabilization exercise and stretching on increasing the functional ability of the neck in non-specific neck pain. Subjects and Method:  This study is a randomized controlled trial using a two-group pretest and post-test design conducted at sevinta convection and padi emas from November to December 2023. A total of 24 subjects were selected by random sampling and randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group 1 was given neck stabilization exercise and group 2 was given stretching. The dependent variable is neck functional ability in non-specific neck pain and the independent variables are neck stabilization exercise and stretching. The measuring instrument used is the neck disability index to measure neck functional ability. Data analysis using independent sample t-test. Results:  The results after the intervention obtained neck functional ability in non-specific neck pain increased in both groups. There is a statistically significant difference in neck stabilization exercise (Mean = 4.00; SD = 2.21) and stretching (Mean = 6.83; SD = 2.79), and it was statistically significant (p = 0.012). Conclusion:  There is a significant difference in the effect of neck stabilization exercise and stretching on improving neck functional ability in non-specific neck pain. Neck stabilization exercise is more influential than stretching on improving neck functional ability in non-specific neck pain. Keywords:  neck stabilization exercise, stretching, neck disability index. Correspondence:  Yulianto Wahyono, School of Health Polytechnics Ministry of Health Surakarta. Jl. Adi Sumarmo, Tohudan, Colomadu, Karanganyar 57173, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: yulianto2wahyono@gmail.com. Mobile: 085742017903. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(03): 258-265
Meta-Analysis the Effectiveness of Speech Therapy on Phonation Improvement in People Diagnosed with Parkinsons Disease Putri, Anitasari Kartika; Prasetya, Hanung; Murti, Bhisma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2023.8.3.651

Abstract

Background:  Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremor, rigidity, slow movement, and postural instability. Phonation disturbances are the most frequently observed speech characteristics in PD patients. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of speech therapy interventions for phonation improvement in people with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.Subjects and Method:  This study is a meta-analysis of a number of Randomized Controlled Trial study designs. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer Link. The article search was carried out by considering the eligibility criteria defined using the PICO model. The population in the study were people with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease with intervention in the form of speech therapy intervention, comparison, namely no speech therapy intervention, outcome in the form of phonation. The keywords to search for articles are as follows: “Intervention Speech Therapy” OR “Speech Therapy” OR “Phonation” OR “Voice” OR “Parkinson's Disease” AND “Randomized Controlled Trial” OR “RCT”. The articles included in this study are full-text articles with a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study design. Articles are collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results:  A total of 7 articles were reviewed in this study from the United States, North America, and Austria. The total sample size in this study was 213 subjects. A meta-analysis showed that speech therapy was effective for improving phonation in people with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (SMD = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.79 to 3.24; p<0.001).Conclusion:  Speech therapy is effective for improving phonation in people with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.Keywords:  speech therapy, phonation, voice, parkinson disease.Correspondence: Anitasari Kartika Putri. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: anitaaakartika@gmail.com Mobile: 0857-2777-7217Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(03): 277-285https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.03.05

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