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Journal of Maternal and Child Health

thejmch
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Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret

ISSN : - EISSN : 25490257 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.

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Articles 374 Documents

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Correlation between Child Behavior and Depression in Mother with Autism Spectrum Disorders Child Kido, Kumiko; Fujita, Kumi
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: The behavioural characteristics of an autistic child can lead to challenging relationships with the mother. For mothers who serve as the key person in the care of their children with ASD, maintaining good mental health, which may be directly related to the growth and development of their children, is an important issue for professionals engaged in parenting support. The aim of this study was to determine the interaction between the behavioural problems of children with ASD (from toddlers to adolescents) and their mothers’ depression. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The recruitment of subjects was through a paediatric out-patient unit. Eighty-six mothers with ASD participated in this observational study. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale was used as a measure of depression in mothers, and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was used as an assessment of the children’s behavioral characteristics. The prevalence of depression among mothers of children with ASD was estimated and related factors were also examined. Results: There were 66 boys (76.7%), 12 girls (14.0%) and 8 (9.3%) non-responders. Comparing the pre- adolescent and adolescent groups, there were significant differences in the ages of mothers and children (P <0.001). In this study, the prevalence rate of depression in mothers of children with ASD was 47.7% (95% CI= 36.8 to 58.7), and the prevalence rate of depression in mothers of adolescent children group was 48.6% (95% CI= 31.4 to 6.0). The predictive factors of maternal depression were others’ problems (toileting problems, and masturbation) in CBCL and children’s age group. Conclusion: These children’s behavioural characteristics were recognised as serious problems by their mothers, which in turn can negatively affect their mental health, particularly the depression of mothers in the adolescent group was probably due to concerns about their children’s unsocial behaviour.

Oral and Injection Hormonal Contraceptives Uptake and Their Risk to Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Utami, Dian Asih Ning; Murti, Bhisma; Budihastuti, Uki Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Breast cancer cases are the biggest contributor to death in women in the world. One of the risk factors is injectable hormonal contraceptives and pills. Injectable hormonal contraceptives and pills contain synthetic hormones progesterone and estrogen that trigger breast cancer, due to an increase in the content of these hormones in the body, this results in an opportunity to experience uncontrolled cell division resulting in gene mutations in the breast gland. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the use of injectable and pill hormonal contraceptives on the incidence of breast cancer using a meta-analysis study.Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis using PRISMA flowchart diagram guidelines. The article search process was carried out between 2015-2022 using databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Springerlink. The keywords used in the database search were

Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Anemia in Pregnant Women on the Risk of Postpartum Bleeding and Low Birth Weight Adhimukti, Fahmi; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Anemia in pregnancy usually occurs in the 1st and 3rd trimesters with Hb levels below 11g% and in the 2nd trimester with Hb levels less than 10.5g%. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women around the world ranges from 41.8% to 43.8%, which means that around 56-59 million pregnant women suffer from anemia. Factors that cause anemia that often appear in pregnant women are malnutrition and iron deficiency, so that iron anemia in pregnancy can result in increased maternal mortality rates (MMR). Anemia during pregnancy can result in fetal death, abortion, birth defects, low birth weight and can cause bleeding during labour.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model (Population: pregnant women, Intervention: anemia, Comparison: no anemia, Outcome: LBW and postpartum hemorrhage). The databases used are PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with the keywords

Risk of Premature Birth in Pregnant Women Infected with COVID-19: A Meta Analysis Purnasari, Ratih Hermas; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Pregnancy is a state of great susceptibility to infectious diseases, and it is not surprising that viral infections can affect pregnancy outcomes. COVID-19 infection during pregnancy is considered a risk factor for adverse outcomes such as, preterm delivery. This study aimed to analyze the risk of preterm delivery in pregnant women with COVID-19. Subjects and Method: This study was conducted using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Article searches were conducted using electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The articles used are articles published from 2020-2021. The keywords used to retrieve the articles were: [(COVID-19 OR 2019-nCoV OR “novel coronavirus” OR SARS-CoV-2 OR “coronavirus 2”) AND (“preterm birth” OR preterm OR “preterm delivery”)] . The inclusion criteria used were full paper with observational studies (retrospective or prospective cohorts), multivariate analysis with Adjusted Odd Ratios (aOR), study subjects were pregnant women who were confirmed to be infected with COVID-19, comparison were pregnant women who were negative for COVID-19, outcome study was preterm birth (<37 weeks). The article search results are listed in the PRISMA diagram and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 . application. Results: A total of 10 articles from Iran, France, Bangladesh, Spain, the United States, Romania, the United Kingdom and China showed that the heterogeneity of the primary studies in the meta-analysis was low (I2= 4%; p= 0.40), therefore this study used a fixed effect model. The results showed that the risk of premature birth in pregnant women infected with COVID-19 was 2.18 times that of pregnant women not infected with COVID-19 (aOR=2.18; 95% CI=2.00 to 2.37) and statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Higher risk of preterm birth in pregnant women with COVID-19.

The Impact of Exposure to Information Technology in Determining Women’s Knowledge of Complication during Pregnancy, Labor, and Postnatal Nurmawati, Erna; Napitupulu, Joseph Gabriel; Sugiyarto, Teguh
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2012 reveals that Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Indonesia is 359 per 100,000 live births or increase from 228 per 100.000 live births in 2007. Compared to the other ASEAN countries, the risk of maternal death in Indonesia is also relatively high, 1 in 65 mothers. Some researches depict that maternal death is caused by inadequate care during pregnancy and delivery (labor). This condition is caused by the availability of health facility or improper health seeking behaviors. Considering the crucial role of knowledge to determine people behaviors, this paper is aimed to discuss the impact of information technology to shape people knowledge on maternal health. Subjects and Method: Some variables in Indonesian Health Demographic Survey 2017, identify the subject’s knowledge on danger sign of complication during pregnancy, labor/delivery and postnatal periods. In digitalized era, the knowledge may come from many sources. Therefore, the discussion will focus on the impact of subject’s accessibility and utilization of internet, mobile phone, radio, TV and newspaper in shaping knowledge of maternal health. Results: This study found that women with primary education (OR= 1.57; p < 0.001), did not access the internet (OR= 2.49; p= 0.110); the frequency of accessing the internet for health (OR= 1.94; p= 0.083) increased women's knowledge about dangerous signs during pregnancy. While not reading newspapers (OR= 0.66; p < 0.001); not watching television (OR= 0.66; p<0.001), having or not having television (OR= 0.59; p < 0.001); do not have a mobile phone (OR= 0.64; p<0.001); not having a radio (OR= 0.88; p < 0.001) decreased women's knowledge of the danger signs during pregnancy, but this result was statistically significant. Conclusion: This result reveal that the effectiveness of internet to influence women knowledge on maternal health must be improved because of its potential in this digitalized era and the progressive trend of internet penetration in Indonesia.

Effect of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding on Exclusive Breastfeeding and Stunting: A Meta-Analysis Nisa, Tsamarah Iffah Zahrotin; Adriani, Rita Benya; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the act of giving breast milk to babies from 0 to 6 months of age without giving any additional food or drinks, other than medicines. Stunting is a nutritional problem in which there is a linear growth disorder caused by chronic nutritional problems and recurrent infections characterized by a height-for-age index (TB/U) where the Z score is less than -2 SD. Early initiation of breastfeeding is one of the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting. This study aims to examine the effect of early initiation of breastfeeding on exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model (Population: mothers and children 0 to 59 months, Intervention: early initiation of breastfeeding, Comparison: no initiation of early breastfeeding, Outcome: exclusive breastfeeding and stunting). The databases used are PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Schoolar with keywords ((early breastfeeding initiation OR skin to skin contact OR breast crawl) AND (exclusive breastfeeding OR breast feeding) AND (stunting)). There were 19 cross-sectional studies published in 2012-2022 that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with Revman 5.3.Results: 19 articles with a cross-sectional study design originating from Bangladesh, China, Congo, Ecuador, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Malawi, Romania, Rwanda, Spain, and Tanzania involving 160,080 mothers and children 0 to 59 months. A meta-analysis of 11 cross-sectional studies showed that mothers and babies who initiated early breastfeeding were 2.16 times more likely to exclusively breastfeed than those who did not initiate early breastfeeding (aOR= 2.16, 95% CI = 1.76 to 2.65; p<0.001). A meta-analysis of 8 cross-sectional studies showed that mothers and babies who initiated early breastfeeding had a 0.89 times chance of not being stunted compared to those who did not initiate early breastfeeding (aOR= 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.94; p<0.001 ).Conclusion: Early initiation of breastfeeding can increase exclusive breastfeeding. Early initiation of breastfeeding can reduce the incidence of stunting. Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Stunting Incidence, Early Breastfeeding Initiation, Meta-Analysis. Correspondence: Tsamarah Iffah Zahrotin Nisa. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: tsamaraiffah@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285736314422.

Are Maternal Education, Maternal Occupation, and Breastfeeding Escalate Nutrition Status in Stunted Children? Sari, Ria Setia; Ratnasari, Febi; Susilowati, Yuni
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Stunting is a nutritional problem that has a negative impact on achieving optimal growth and development in children. The Tangerang District Health Office has a high percentage of stunting children. Improving the nutrition of stunting children is influenced by providing balanced nutrition to children. Stunting children have an old orange with elementary-high school education. This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's education, mother's occupation and exclusive breastfeeding with the improvement of nutritional status in stunting children. Subjects and Method: This research was conducted using cross sectional with a total sample of 45 subjects. The dependent variable is the improvement of stunting nutritional status. The independent variables were the mother's education level, occupation and exclusive breastfeeding status. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression test. Results: Low education affects the improvement of nutritional status in children (aOR= 1.68; 95% CI= 0.53 to 5.31; p= 0.660), Employment as a protective factor on nutritional status in stunted children (aOR= 0.64; 95% CI= 0.16 to 2.87; p = 0.450) Conclusion: Mother's education affects the improvement of nutritional status in stunted children.

Influence of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Physical Activity on Age of Menarche in Female Adolescent Rachma, Ulfa Puspita; Moelyo, Annang Giri; Aryani, Imasari
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: The age of menarche which was referred to first time of teenagers had menstruation can be affected by anthropometric index, including body mass index, and waist circumference. Differences in measurement of body mass index, waist circumference, and intensity of physical activity will make some differences in age of menarche. This research aimed to determine the influence of body mass index, waist circumference and physical activity with age of menarche in late adolescent girls in Surakarta. Subjects and Method: The data collected by observed 359 adolescent girls aged 15 until 18 years old in Surakarta during September to October 2016 using observational analytic with cross sectional methods. The independent variables were body mass index, waist circumference, and physical activity. The dependent variable is age of menarche. Body mass index is measured using BW (kg)/BH² (m²) formula, in which: BW is Body Weight (measured using digital standardized scales) and BH is Body Height (measured using standardized microtoise). Students asked to fill in the questionnaire that contain questions regarding reproductive health especially menarche and physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The data is processed using SPSS for Windows 23.0 and are analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results: From the 359 respondents, the mean of age of menarche is 12.6 years (Mean= 12.6; SD= 1). Mean of body mass index is 21.42 kg/m² (Mean= 21.42; SD= 4.44). Mean of waist circumference is 70.41 cm (Mean= 70.41; SD= 7.47). There are 87 respondents (24.2%) with low physical activity, 100 respondents (29.5%) with moderate physical activity, and 166 respondents (46.2%) with high physical activity. Physical activity has significant influence positively (OR= 1.98; 95% CI= 0.39 to 4.72; p= 0.017) on the age of menarche. Conclusion: Physical activity has significant influence on the age of menarche in adolescent girls in Kota Surakarta, Indonesia.

Path Analysis: Maternal Determinants and Hair Zinc Levels as Predictors of Stunting and Developmental Disorders in Children Under Five Yunia Sari, Nunik Ike; Maringga, Estin Gita
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Stunting that occurs during childhood will have an impact on the condition of cognitive development in the future. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors that have a direct and indirect effect on the stunting and developmental disorders in children under five. Subjects and Method: This was a case study located at Gurah Health Center, Kediri, East Java, from August 4th to 29th 2020. A sample size of 100 subjects was selected by randomly. The dependent variables were stunting and developmental disorders. The independent variables were maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight (LBW), infants birth length, and hair zinc levels. The data were measured by questionnaire. Hair zinc levels were tested in the laboratory. Quantitative data analysis used path analysis. Results: Child development was directly and positively influenced by the maternal MUAC (b= 0.12; SE= 0.36; p<0.001), birth weight (b= 0.29; SE= 0.15; p= 0.042), birth length (b= 0.37; SE= 0.15; p= 0.011), breastfeeding (b= 0.08; SE= 0.04; p= 0.033), stunting (b= -0.39; SE= 0.10; p <0.001), and hair zinc level (b= 0.58; SE= 0.67; p <0.001). Hair zinc level was positively influenced by birth weight (b= 0.92; SE= 0.04; p <0.001). Child development was indirectly influenced by exclusive breastfeeding, birth length, and zinc levels. Conclusion: Child development is directly and positively influenced by the maternal MUAC, birth weight, birth length, breastfeeding, stunting, and hair zinc level. Hair zinc level is positively influenced by birth weight. Child development ias indirectly influenced by exclusive breastfeeding, birth length, and zinc levels.

Knowledge and Perceptions on Antenatal Care among Men in Embakasi South Sub County, Nairobi, Kenya Kinoti, Fred Kirimi; Fava, Salvatore
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Involving husbands and men in decision-making processes can play a crucial role in antenatal care uptake and utilisation. However, men often lack necessary knowledge and have misleading beliefs and perceptions.Subjects and Method: The current research was an analytical cross sectional study conducted in Embakasi South Sub county, Nairobi, Kenya which sought to assess the knowledge and attitude towards antenatal care among men. Kelsey et al sample size determination formula was used to calculate a sample of 66 subjects. A researcher-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used in the analysis of data with the help of SPSS.Results: The results in this study showed that slightly above half (57.6%, n=38) of the subjects had low knowledge. Slightly above half (51.5%, n=34) had positive attitudes towards ANC. None of the demographic characteristics was significant to knowledge. There was also no significant associations between demographic characteristics and subjects’ attitudes towards antenatal care. There was a significant association (p =0.048) between knowledge and attitudes. Results showed that subjects with low knowledge were 2.196 times likely to have positive attitudes.Conclusion: These findings highlight the current knowledge gap that exists among men regarding antenatal care. An education intervention program ought to be carried out among men in Embakasi South Sub County and other parts of Nairobi and the country. Community health programs should also build on the positive attitudes towards ANC as found in this study to help improve male involvement in antenatal care and other reproductive health issues.

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