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Journal of Maternal and Child Health

thejmch
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Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret

ISSN : - EISSN : 25490257 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.

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Articles 374 Documents

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Prenatal Exposure to Mercury and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Rio Birth Cohort Study (PIPA Project) Vianna, Angelica dos Santos; Camara, Volney de Magalhaes; de Figueiredo, Nataly Damasceno; Rodrigues Froes Asmus, Carmen Ildes
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant, with studies of its prenatal exposure indicating adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm delivery, and micro- cephaly. Therefore, we analyzed prenatal Hg exposure levels and their relationship with birth outcomes in pregnant women living in an urban area in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study nested in the prospective birth cohort (PIPA Project) was conducted at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Maternity School from October to November 2017. A total of 117 mother-infant pairs were evaluated. The sampling technique used convenience sampling. The independent variables encompassed maternal and cord blood Hg levels, while the dependent variables were birth weight, birth length, head circumference (neonatal anthropometrics), and Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes. The Hg levels were analyzed using induc- tively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and dependent variable data were obtained through medical records. Multiple regression models were applied using the SPSS. Results: The detection rate of maternal and cord blood was 100%, with medians of 0.76 and 0.91 µg/L, respectively. A strong correlation between maternal and cord blood Hg levels was observed (r= 0.70; p<0.010), as well as an inverse association between cord blood Hg and Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes (b=−0.47; p<0.010; b=−0.34; p<0.010) after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Our study provided preliminary evidence that Hg exposure was associated with a worse Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes. However, the relevance of this finding requires further evaluations due to its potential clinical implications concerning newborn health. Keywords: Mercury, Maternal exposure, Apgar Score, Anthropometry Correspondence: Angelica dos Santos Vianna. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Avenida Horacio Macedo sem numero – Proximo a Prefeitura Universitária da UFRJ. Ilha do Fundao – Cidade Universitária. ZIP Code: 21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Email address: angelica- @iesc.ufrj.br

Meta-Analysis the Effect of Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women on Prematurity and Low Birth Weight Wulandari, Rizqi Amalia; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: During pregnancy there are physiological changes associated with the pregnancy process that can cause urinary tract infections caused by the enlargement of the uterus, decreased urine flow through the ureters and decreased bladder tone during pregnancy. So that healthy pregnant women become vulnerable to serious complications in the urinary tract and will have an impact on the mother and baby who will be at great risk of causing premature birth and low birth weight. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the effect of urinary tract infections in pregnant women on premature birth and low birth weight. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted with PRISMA flow diagrams. Search articles through journal databases including: Google Scholar, MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Spinger Link and Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ) by selecting articles published in 2005-2021. The keywords used were “Urinary Tract Infection Pregnancy” AND “Preterm Labor”, “Urinary Tract Infection Pregnancy” AND “Low Birth Weight”, “Urinary Tract Infection Pregnancy” AND “Preterm Labor” AND “Low Birth Weight” AND “adjusted Odds Ratio". Inclusion criteria included full-text articles, case-control study designs. The analysis used logistic regression with adjusted odds ratio. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application. Results: A total of 17 articles were reviewed in this study with a case control study design. A meta-analysis of 11 articles showed that urinary tract infections in pregnant women increased the risk of preterm delivery by 2.49 times compared with pregnant women without urinary tract infections (aOR = 2.49; 95% CI = 2.04 to 3.05; p<0.001), whereas 7 The article shows that urinary tract infections in pregnant women can increase the risk of increasing the risk of LBW by 1.54 times compared to pregnant women without urinary tract infections (aOR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.24 to 1.91; p<0.001). Conclusion: Urinary tract infections increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.

Comparative Study of Feto-Maternal Outcome of Antenatal Cases as per the Standard WHO Guidelines vs Revised Antenatal Visit Schedule during COVID 19 Pandemic Bhardwaj, Bikram; Menon, Aruna; Prajapati, Vipin Kumar; Kathi, Apphia Saphir; Singh, Randeep
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Good antenatal care helps a woman face labour in good health and optimum conditions. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and WHO guidelines suggest 15 visits in the whole pregnancy. Keeping in view the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the exposure of pregnant ladies the number of antenatal visits was reduced to 7 milestone visits and outcome was noted. This study aimed to do a comparative study of feto-maternal outcome in antenatal cases at our centre using standard WHO protocol vs. revised antenatal protocol during COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects and Method: This was an observational study done at a tertiary care center of an Armed forces hospital with target population as pregnant ladies attending antenatal care Out patient department of the hospital during COVID19 pandemic Vs Antenatal cases in previous 1 year. A comparative analysis of pregnancy outcome, maternal variables during pregnancy and delivery along with neonatal variables was done. Results: There were lesser deliveries by 41.7% as compared to non-COVID times. There was an increase in the caesarean delivery rate and instrumental delivery rate during COVID times by 11% and 53% respectively. There was increase in Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) by 26.6%. The incidence of fetal growth restriction, placental abruption, maternal anaemia and gestational diabetes mellitus, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios was low. The incidence of spontaneous abortions was also low in our study. In contrast, the incidence of pre-term deliveries doubled from 7.4% to 13.4%. Neonatal morbidity and mortality indicators like Neonatal Intensive care unit (NICU) admissions showed a rising trend of 1.7% during the COVID (14.6% to 16.3%) with a minimal rise in early neonatal deaths by 0.2%. Conclusion: Our model doesn't show an increase in maternal, neonatal morbidity, and mortality. This model can be used as a standard of care for Antenatal patients during Pandemics. It reduces the risk exposure of the gravid mother without any significant increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: antenatal care, COVID-19 pandemic, revised antenatal schedule. Correspondence: Vipin Kumar Prajapati. Graded Specialist Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, AFMC, Pune. Email: vipinafmc@gmail.com. Contact No: 8811015130

Association Between Food Plastic Packaging and Dysmenorrhea in Female Adolescents Maghrifi, Dhini Safira; Lestari, Pudji; Saâ€™adi, Ashon
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Most women experience certain pain and difficulty during menstruation or what is known as dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological problem and is the most frequently reported chief complaint in women. Dysmenorrhea is defined as cramping in the lower abdomen that occurs before or during menstruation. The use of plastic as food and beverage packaging is still a commonly used in the community. Plastic contains several compounds, including phthalates and bisphenol-A (BPA) which have potential as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Menstruation and dysmenorrhea are closely related to hormonal system disorders. This study aims to analyze the relationship between food plastic exposure and the incidence of dysmenorrhea among adolescents.Subjects and Method: The design in this study is observational analytic with a cohort approach. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga with a population of midwifery students. The sampling technique used was total sampling with a total of 149 subjects. The dependent variable was. dysmenorrhea. The independent variable was food plastic exposure. The instruments used were a visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire and a food plastic exposure questionnaire. The data collection was taken in 2 menstrual cycles. Data were analyzed by chi-square test.Results: The results showed that 71.8% of the subjects experienced moderate level of exposure to food plastic. Dysmenorrhea reported that 128 subjects (86%) had dysmenorrhea. In VAS assess-ment, most of the subjects which was 43% experienced mild pain. This study showed that there was a relationship between exposure to plastic food and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents (p= 0.049).Conclusion: There is a relationship between exposure to plastic food and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.

Effect of Urinary Tract Infection on Premature Birth: A Meta Analysis Palupi, Raras Indung; Widyaningsih, Vitri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Neonatal mortality in the world is mostly caused by premature birth (43%), and in Indonesia the biggest cause of neonatal death is premature birth (45%). One of the causes of pregnant women experiencing premature labor, namely urinary tract infections due to changes in the urinary tract system during pregnancy. This study aims to analyze the primary study of the effect of urinary tract infections in pregnant women on preterm delivery with a meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: pregnant women. Intervention: Having a urinary tract infection. Comparison: No urinary tract infection. Outcome: Premature delivery. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles (“urinary tract infection” AND “preterm labor” OR “premature birth” OR “premature labor”). The included article is full text in English with a case-control study design from 2006 to 2022 and reports the adjusted odds ratio in a multivariate analysis. The selection of articles is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 aplikasi application. Results: A total of 10 case-control studies from Iran, Iraq, India, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Peru were selected for the meta-analysis. The data collected showed that pregnant women with urinary tract infections increased the occurrence of preterm labor by 2.19 times compared to pregnant women who did not experience urinary tract infections (aOR= 2.19; 95% CI= 1.80 to 2.66; p<0.001). Conclusion: Urinary tract infection during pregnancy increases the incidence of preterm labor. Keywords: urinary tract infection, premature delivery, meta-analysis. Correspondence: Raras Indung Palupi. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: Palupiraras05@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285337540058.

The Effect of Low Birth Weight on Stunting in Children Under Five: A Meta Analysis Putri, Tyas Aisyah; Salsabilla, Dinda Anindita; Saputra, Rizki Kurniawan
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: The main nutritional problem in children under five, which is still found in many countries in the world, is stunting. The relationship between risk factors for low birth weight (LBW) in children has been investigated in several primary studies with a number of contradictions in the results. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low birth weight (LBW) on the incidence of stunting in children under 60 months in various countries using the meta-analysis method. Subjects and Method: The articles were selected from the Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Microsoft Academic, and Science Direct databases published from 2000-2021. Article collection for 2 months with search keywords (“Low Birth Weight” OR “LBW”) AND “Stunting” AND (“adjusted odds ratio” OR “multivariable”). The meta-analysis step used is a PRISMA flowchart. Data analysis was carried out using the Review Manager 5.3 . program. Results: Based on 11 primary studies conducted in Brazil, Ethiopia, and Indonesia, it was shown that in a cross-sectional study LBW could increase the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-60 months by 3.64 times compared to non-LBW (aOR = 3.64; 95% CI = 2.70). up to 4.90; p<0.001). While the case-control study showed that LBW can increase the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-60 months as much as 6.95 times compared to non-LBW (aOR = 6.95; 95% CI = 4.02 to 12.04; p<0.001). Conclusion: Low birth weight increases the risk of stunting in the population of children under 60 months of age.

The Difference of Effectiveness of Ginger Warm Compress and Consumption of Acidic Turmeric on Decreasing Primary Menstrual Pain Scale Ria, Matilda Bupu; Ola, Clara Yunita Ina; Palalangan, Damita
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Dysmenorrhoea is pain during menstruation that is felt by teenage women, usually they experience cramps and are concentrated in the lower abdomen. Complaints of menstrual pain can vary, ranging from mild to severe. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in the effectiveness of ginger warm compresses and the consumption of tamarind turmeric on reducing the primary menstrual pain scale.Subjects and Method: This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental type two group pre post test design, with a population of all female students who experienced primary menstrual pain and a sample of 30 respondents with warm ginger compresses and 30 respondents who consumed tamarind and turmeric drinks. The sample was collected by purposive sampling. The data were collected by questionnaire. The independent variable was warm compresses of ginger and consumption of tamarind turmeric, the dependent variable was primary menstrual pain. The analysis used was the Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests.Results:Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test, there was an effect of giving a warm ginger compress (p= 0.004). Likewise, giving tamarind turmeric drink showed an effect with the result p<0.001. Based on the results of the Mann Whitney test, there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of ginger warm compresses and the consumption of tamarind turmeric on reducing the primary menstrual pain scale, with p = <0.001 results.Conclusion: It is hoped that respondents, readers, further researchers, and especially young women who experience menstrual pain, consume tamarind regularly in dealing with primary menstrual pain complaints as a non-pharmacological therapy.Keywords: primary menstrual pain, warm compresses of ginger, consumption of tamarind turmeric.Correspondence:

Correlations between Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Sleep Apnea: A Meta-Analysis Jayanti, Saktryana Endang Ragil; Widyaningsih, Vitri; Budihastuti, Uki Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Obesity is one of the biggest public health problems in the world. Obesity is associated with various health problems, decreased quality of life and death. Obesity is known to have an impact on women's lives, namely Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) which if not treated immediately can cause sleep apnea. This study aims to analyze the relationship between obesity and PCOS and sleep apnea. Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Population = women, Intervention = obesity, Comparison = not obese, Outcomes = PCOS and sleep apnea. Article searches through journal databases include: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Springerlink. The keywords used are obesity OR obese AND PCOS OR “Polycystic Ovary Syn- drome” AND “sleep apnea” OR “Poor Sleep” OR “obstructive sleep apnea”. Articles were selected with the help of PRISMA flow diagrams. Inclusion criteria include full-text articles with obser- vational studies, multivariate analysis results in the form of aOR values and published from 2012- 2021. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application. Results: Eighteen articles from the United States, Brazil, China, Turkey, Iraq, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Korea, West Africa, East Africa, Nigeria and the United Kingdom were included in the meta- analysis. A meta-analysis of the results of the case-control study design subgroup (4 articles) and the cross-sectional study (4 articles) showed that obese women had a 1.14-fold increased risk of developing PCOS compared to non-obese women (aOR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.26; p= 0.010). A meta-analysis of 10 cross-sectional studies showed that obese women increased the risk of developing sleep apnea 4.66 times than non-obese women (aOR = 4.66; 95% CI = 3.23 to 6.71; p = <0.001). Conclusion: Obesity is a risk factor for PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) and sleep apnea in women. Keywords: obesity, PCOS, sleep apnea, meta-analysis. Correspondence: Saktryana Endang Ragil Jayanti. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: Saktryana.agil@gmail.com. Mobile: 082242154117.

Meta-Analysis the Effect of Obesity on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age Tsaqifah, Nabila Aulia; Adriani, Rita Benya; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Obesity in women of reproductive age is a nutritional problem that needs attention because obesity affects other health problems, especially problems of nutrient absorption and reproductive health. This needs special attention considering that the health of women of reproductive age has a major influence on the quality of future generations. The purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of the effect of obesity on the possibility of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and anemia in women of reproductive age. Subjects and Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The data of this study used a research research design obtained from the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, BMJ, ScienceDirect, SpingerLink, and Sage. The inclusion criteria used were full paper, cross-sectional and cohort study designs with reported results adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Article searches were performed using the PICO model. Population= women of reproductive age, Intervention= Obesity, Comparison= not obese, Outcome= anemia and PCOS. Articles were collected using PRISMA diagrams and analyzed using the Review Manager application (RevMan5.3). Results: A total of 10 articles on the relationship of obesity with anemia and 4 articles on the relationship of obesity with PCOS. Studies show that obesity reduced the risk of anemia compared to normal weight in women of reproductive age (aOR= 0.73; 95% CI= 0.63 to 0.84; p<0.001). Obesity increased the risk of PCOS 1.21 times compared to women with normal weight (aOR= 1.21; 95% CI= 1.00 to 1.48; p= 0.050). Conclusion: Obesity reduces the risk of anemia. Obesity increases the risk of PCOS in women of reproductive age.

Expression of Bax Protein as A Prognosis Factor of Radiotherapy Response to Decreased Tumor Size in Stage IIB-IIIB Cervical Cancer Fitriawan, Ahmad; Udiyanto, Hermawan; Respati, Supriyadi Hari; Ratnasari, Affi Angelia; Prabowo, Wisnu
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Cervical cancer plays a role as the leading cause of cancer death for women in developing countries. Radiation therapy kills cancer cells through double strand breaks and the apoptotic process. Bax protein is one of the regulators of apoptosis. This study analyzed the role of Bax expression as a prognostic factor in radiation therapy response in reducing tumor size in patients with advanced cervical cancer (IIB-IIIB). Subjects and Method: This research is a retrospective cohort observational analytic study from January 2021 to April 2021 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in collaboration with the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. This study involved 30 cervical cancer stage IIB-IIIB patients. The level of Bax expression was determined by immunohistochemical examination. ROC curve analysis was used to find cut-off points and evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Bax in the prognosis of radiotherapy in patients with advanced cervical cancer (IIB-IIIB). Chi square test was used to determine the relationship between Bax expression and changes in tumor size in cervical cancer patients. Results: The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC Bax score in prognosis of radiation therapy was 0.575 (CI 95%= 0.32 to 0.83) and the cutoff point was 62.5%. Based on the analysis of the ROC curve, the Bax expression of 62.5% shows a sensitivity of 56.5% and a specificity of 71.4%. Analysis of the relationship between Bax protein expression on changes in tumor size using the Chi Square test showed a P value of 0.390 (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The expression of Bax protein cannot play a role as a prognostic factor in the response of radiation therapy to the reduction in tumor size in stage IIB-IIIB uterine cervical cancer.

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