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Journal of Maternal and Child Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490257     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.
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Articles 549 Documents
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Association Between Pregnant Woman Class and Pregnancy Complication in Tegal District, Central Java Maryani, Siti; Respati, Supriyadi Hari; Astirin, Okid Parama
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Maternal mortality amounted to 33 cases in Tegal, Central Java, in 2015. The leading cause of maternal mortality rate in Indonesia was obstetric complication, i.e 46.8%. Pregnancy complication may be affected by maternal age, parity, education, and maternal employment status. Various efforts have been implemented by the government to reduce maternal mortality rate, including pregnant woman class. The objective of the pregnant mother class is to increase maternal knowledge in risk factor detection and to increase their willingness to use antenatal care. This study aimed to estimate the association between pregnant woman class and pregnancy complication, while controlling for confounding factors.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational with case control design. This study was conducted at Pagerbarang, Pangkah and Dukuhwaru Health Centers, Tegal, Central Java. A total of 90 study subjects, consisting of 30 laboring women with complication and 60 without complication. The dependent variable was pregnancy complication. The independent variables were maternal age, parity, education, employment status, and participation in pregnant woman class. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire. The data on pregnancy complication was obtained from the obstetric record at the health center. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regresion.Results: Parity ≥3 (OR = 3.47; CI 95% = 0.95 to 12.69; p=0.060) and maternal education <senior high school (OR= 8.58; CI 95% = 1.7 to 43.33; p= 0.009) increased the risk of pregnancy complication. Maternal age 20 to 35 years (OR= 0.26; CI 95% = 0.08 to 0.81; p=0.020), employed  mother (OR= 0.21; CI 95% = 0.06 to 0.71; p = 0.012), and participation in pregnant woman class (OR =0.35; CI 95% = 0.12 to 1.05; p = 0.061), decreased the risk of pregnancy complication.Conclusion: Participation in pregnant woman class is associated with decreased risk of pregnancy complication. Parity ≥3 and maternal education <senior high school are associated with increased risk of pregnancy complication. Maternal age 20 to 35 years and employed  mother are associated with decreased risk of pregnancy complication. It is suggested that pregnant women plan their pregnancy in order to prevent pregnancy complication.Keywords: pregnant woman class, pregnancy complication.Correspondence: Siti Maryani. Academy of Midwifery Siti Fatimah, Slawi, Central Java. Mobile: 085741950488.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(4): 214-219https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.04.02
Effect of Prematurity, Birthweight, Maternal Stress, Socio-economic Status, and Mother-Child Intimacy on the Development of Preschool Children in Surakarta Halu, Silfia Angela N; Murti, Bhisma; Tamtomo, Didik
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Monitoring child development is an important step to prepare healthy children from the earliest age, both physically, spiritually, and socially. Monitoring child development can be done in the kindergarten. Some kindergartens in Surakarta, however, have not implemented child development monitoring program. This study aims to determine the effect of prematurity, birthweight, maternal stress, socio-economic status, and mother-child intimacy, on the development of preschool children.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study using case control design. The study was carried out at 7 kindergartens (TK) in Surakarta, Central Java: TK Negeri Pembina, TK Gaya Baru III, TK Kristen Ngasinan, TK Islam Bakti 6, TK Advent, TK Warga and TK Kanisius Imakulata, from May to June 2017. A sample of 120 children aged 5-6 years old attending kindergartens were selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling, i.e. selection based on prematurity status. The dependent variable was child development. The independent variables were prematurity, birthweight, maternal stress, maternal employment status, maternal education, family income, parenting time, and mother-child intimacy. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Child development was measured by development pre-screening questionnaire (KPSP). Nutritional status was obtained from maternal and child health recording book. Path analysis was employed for data analysis.Results: Child development was directly affected by prematurity (b=0.29; SE=0.07; p<0.001), birthweight (b=0.04; SE= 0.18; p=0.007), maternal employment (b=0.46; SE=0.20; p=0.020), maternal education (b=0.65; SE=0.21; p=0.002), family income (b=0.01; SE=0.01; p=0.015), and mother-child intimacy (b=0.26; SE=0.05; p<0.001). Family income was affected by maternal employment (b=23.37; SE=5.52; p<0.001) and maternal education (b=23.50; SE=5.79; p<0.001). Mother-child intimacy was affected by maternal stress (b=0.01; SE=0.01; p=0.052) and parenting time (b=0.56; SE=0.05; p<0.001).Conclusions: Child development is directly affected by prematurity, birthweight, maternal employment, maternal education, family income, and mother-child intimacy.Keywords: child development, prematurity, birthweight, socio-economic status, maternal stress, mother-child intimacyCorrespondence: Silfia Angela N Halu. s Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: occe.halu@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285338395484.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(3): 187-199https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.03.01 
Effect of Psychological Factors and Workload on Midwife Performance in the Integreted Antenatal Care in Pati, Central Java Marfuah, Siti; Tamtomo, Didik; Suryono, Arief
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: One of the sensitive population health indicators is maternal mortality rate (MMR). One of the MMR determinants is antenatal care (ANC) coverage. This study aimed to determine the effect of psychological factors and workload on midwife work performance in the integrated antenatal care in Pati, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was analytic observational study with cross sectional design. This study was conducted in Pati, Central Java. A total of 130 midwives was selected for this study by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was work performance. The independent variable motivation, self eficacy, self actualization, workload, and midwife peer group as the contextual variable. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire. The data were analyze by linear multilevel multiple regression model.Results: Motivation (b=0.15; 95% CI =0.01 to 0.29; p=0.035), self actualization (b=0.21; 95% CI=- 0.01 to 0.40; p=0.031), and self efficacy (b=0.15; 95% CI =-0.01 to 0.31; p=0.048) had positive and statistically significant effects on work performance. Workload (b=-0.26; 95% CI=-0.53 to 0.01;p=0.056) had negative and nearly significant effect on work performance. There was a contextual effect of midwife group on work performance. ICC=17.51%; likelihood ratio=- 262.55; p=0.006.Conclusion: Motivation, self actualization, and self efficacy have positive effects on work performance. Workload has negative effect on work performance. Midwife group has a contextual effect on work performance.Keywords: psychological factors, workload, work performance, midwife.Correspondence: Siti Marfuah. Academy of Midwifery Bakti Utama, Pati, Central Java. Email: sty_marfuah@yahoo.com. Mobile: 085729885380Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(3): 138-145https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.03.01
The Effect of Biological, Social, Economic, and Nutritional Factors on Low Birth Weight: A New Path Analysis Evidence from Madiun Hospital, East Java, Indonesia MS, Novi Paramitasari; Salimo, Harsono; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major cause of death and illness in infants. This study aimed to analyze the effects of biological, social, economic, and nutritional factors on LBW at Madiun General Hospital, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted at Madiun General Hospital, East Java, from January to December 2017. A sample of 200 newborn babies were selected for this study using fixed disease sampling, consisting of 50 babies with low birth weight and 150 control infants with normal birth weight. The dependent variable was birth weight. The independent variables were maternal age, education, parity, maternal nutritional status, maternal employment, family income, anemia, and birth space. Clinical data were taken from medical record. The data of other variables were collected by questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis.Results: The risk of LBW increased with anemia (b= 1.09; CI 95%= 0.27 to 1.91; p= 0.009), multiparity (b= 1.73; CI 95%= 0.28 to 2.06; p= 0.010), and age <2o or >35 years (b= 1.41; CI 95%= 0.24 to 2.57; p= 0.018). The risk of LBW decreased with good maternal nutritional status (b= -1.49; CI 95%= -2.32 to -0.65; p< 0,001), maternal education ?high school (b= -1.05; CI 95%= -1.88 to -0.21; p= 0.014), and wide birth space (b= -1.06; CI 95%= -2.24 to 0.11 p= 0.076). Maternal employment and family income had indirect effect on the risk of LBW.Conclusion: The risk of LBW is affected by anemia, parity, maternal age <20 years and ?35 years, poor maternal nutritional status, low maternal education, and narrow birth space.Keywords: low birth weight, biological factor, social factor, economic factorCorrespondence:Novi Paramitasari MS, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, 57126, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: noviparamitasarims27@gmail.comJournal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(3): 166-175https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.03.01
Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta Ria, Matilda Bupu; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Sudiyanto, Aris
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Postpartum depression is one of the emotional disturbances that results from failure to postpartum psychological adaptation process. The global prevalence of postpartum depression is 10-15%. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of pregnancy on the incidence of postpartum depression.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi hospital, from December 2017 to January 2018. A total sample of 150 postpartum mothers was selected for this study by exhaustive sampling. The dependent variable was postpartum depression (PPD). The independent variables were maternal age, stress, parity, unwanted pregnancy, type of labor, family income, family support, and domestic violence. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis model.Results: Postpartum depression was directly and positively affected by psychological stress (b= 2.15; 95% CI= 1.17 to 3.13; p<0.001), delivery type (b= 1.27; 95% CI= 0.32 to 2.21; p= 0.008), and unwanted pregnancy (b= 1.57; 95% CI= 0.57 to 2.58; p= 0.002). Postpartum depression was directly but negatively affected by family income (b= -1.52; 95% CI= -2.51 to -0.54; p= 0.002), parity (b= -1.24; 95% CI= -2.21 to -0.28; p= 0.011), and family support (b= -1.31; 95% CI= -3.28 to -0.24; p= 0.016). Psychological stress increased with domestic violence (b= 2.68; 95% CI= 0.64 to 4.73; p= 0.010) and decreased with maternal age (b= -0.91; 95% CI= -1.68 to -0.13; p= 0.022). Parity increased with maternal age (b= 1.66; 95% CI= 0.79 to 2.53; p<0.001). Domestic violence decreased with maternal age (b= -1.34; 95% CI= -2.85 to 0.16; p= 0.081).Conslusion: Psychological stress, delivery type, unwanted pregnancy, family income, parity, and family support, are direct risk factors for postpartum depression.Keywords: Postpartum depression, unwanted pregnancy, domestic violence, family supportCorrespondence: Matilda Bupu Ria. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta,  Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, 57126, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah. E-mail: matildabupuria19@gmail.com. Mobile +6281241254153.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(1): 81-90https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.01.08
Analysis of Maternal Mortality Determinants in Bondowoso District, East Java Fransiska, Ratna Diana; Respati, Supriyadi Hari; Mudigdo, Ambar
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Data from Population Inter-Census Survey (Survei Penduduk Antar Sensus,  SUPAS) 2015 showed that maternal mortality ratio was 305 per 100,000 live-births in Indonesia. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set 70 per 100,000 live-births as the target for maternal mortality ratio to be achived by 2030. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of maternal mortality in Bondowoso district, East Java.Subjects and Method:This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. This study was carried out at 17 Community Health Centers, in Bondowoso, East Java from February to March 2017. A sample of 117 study subjects, consisting of 39 cases of maternal death and  78 control, was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was incidence of maternal death. The independent variables were maternal education, maternal employment status, antenatal care  visit, complication, late model, and other pregnancy risk factors. The data were collected from the obstetric and medical record, as well as a set of questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysisResults: Determinants of maternal death included late decision making (b=2.37; 95% CI=0.81 to3.93; p=0.003), late transfer to the hospital (b=2.35; 95%CI =-0.21to4.91; to p=0.072), late handling at the hospital (b=2.36; 95%CI=-0.19to 4.91; p=0.069), and  complication (b=2.5; 95%CI=1.41to3.62; p<0.001). Complication was determined by completeness of antenatal visits (b=-1.01; 95%CI=-1.94to-0.09; p=0.032), and existence of pregnancy risk factor (b=1.90; 95%CI=1.01to 2.78; p=<0.001). Pregnancy risk factors was determined by completeness of antenatal visit (b=-1.09; 95%CI =-1.99to-0.19; p=0.018), maternal education (b=-0.47; 95%CI=-0.85to-0.07; p=0.020), and maternal employment status (b=0.14; 95%CI=-0.17to0.45; p=0.369). Antenatal visit was determined by maternal education (b=0.54; 95%CI=0.098to0.99; p=0.017) and maternal employment status (b=0.08; 95%CI=-0.29to0.45; p=0.683).Conclusion: The direct determinants of maternal death include late decision making, late transfer to the hospital, late handling at the hospital, and complication. The indirect determinants of maternal death include completeness of antenatal visits, existence of pregnancy risk factor, maternal education, and maternal employment status.Keywords: determinant, delay, complication, antenatal care, maternal death Correspondence: Ratna Diana Fransiska. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University. Email: ratnadiana00@gmail.com. Mobile: 085778822668Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(1): 76-88https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.01.08
Factors Affecting Maternal Birth Preparedness: Evidence from Salatiga, Cental Java Yuliana, Ana; Murti, Bhisma; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Maternal unpreparedness in facing childbirth is one of the factors causing the high maternal mortality rate (AKI). To support efforts to accelerate the reduction of MMR, preparation of childbirth is an important matter that must be improved. Pregnant women class is an activity to prepare the mother physically and psychologically in facing the delivery. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence preparation for childbirth in pregnant women, including: the role of midwives, motivation of pregnant women and utilization of pregnant classes.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted in 6 community health centers in Salatiga, from June to July 2018. A sample of 120 mothers was selected by total sampling. The dependent variable was birth preparation. The independent variables were motivation, midwife role, and utilization of pregnant class. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple linear regression.Results: Birth preparedness was increased with strong midwife role (b= 2.82; 95% CI= -0.45 to 5.68; p= o.054), strong motivation (b= 4.12; 95% CI= 0.97 to 7.27; p= 0.011), and utilization of pregnant class (b= 3.90; 95% CI= 0.66 to 7.13; p= 0.019).Conclusions: Birth preparedness is increased with strong midwife role, strong motivation, and utilization of pregnant class.Keywords: birth preparedness, motivation, midwife role, pregnancy class, pregnant womenCorrespondence:Ana Yuliana. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: aishabilqisnugroho@gmail.com. Mobile: +62139321543.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(1): 55-61https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.01.08
Path Analysis: Effect of Gestational Factors, Psychosocial Factors, and Antenatal Class Program on Toddler Growth Indria, Gita Ayu; Murti, Bhisma; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: According to David Barker’s fetal origins hypothesis, the period of gestation has significant impacts on the developmental health and wellbeing outcomes for an individual ranging from infancy to adulthood. In the current study, toddlers growth is hypothesized to be affected by various gestational exposure and psychosocial factors at early childhood. In addition,the government has launched the class-room program for mothers of toddlers, which aimed improve maternal ability to raise healthy children. This study aimed to determine the effect of gestational factors,psychosocial,andmaternalclass-room programon toddler’s growth.Subjects and method: This was an observational analytical study with case-control design. The study was conducted in Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia, from July 29 to August 31, 2016. A total of 120 toddlersaged 3 months to 5 years old along with their motherswere selected for the study by fixed exposure sampling. The exogenous variables were family support, family income, maternal education, maternal physical activity, and maternal participation in the class-room program. The endogenous variables were toddler’sbirthweight, weightfor age,height for age, weight for height. The data were collected with a questionnaire and anthropometric measures. The data were analyzed using path analysis model.Results: Maternal education (b=-2.44; p<0.001), birth weight (b= 0.01; p=0.038), family support (b = 0.04; p = 0.048), and maternal participation in the class-room program (b=1.29; p=0.007), had direct significant effect on toddler’s weight for age. Birth weight (b= 0.14; p=0.279), maternal participation in the class-room program (b=4.92; p=0.020), maternal education (b=-11.76; p=0.209) had direct significant effect on toddler’s height for age. Birth weight (b<0.01; p=0.047), maternal participation in the class-room program (b=0.01; p=0.016), family income (b=-0.01; p=0.549), maternal education(b=-0.01; p=0.008) had direct significant effect on toddler’s weight for height. The goodness of fit statistics for the three outcome variables indicated  the goodness of fit of the model specified in the path analysis. Conclusion: Somegestational factors,psychosocialfactors, and maternal participation in the class-room have significant effects on toddler’s growth.Keywords: path analysis, gestation period, psychosocial factors, toddler’s growthCorrespondence: Gita Ayu Indria. Masters Program of Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: gitaindria@gmail.com.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(1): 53-61https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.01.08
Implementation of Basic Obstetric and Neonatal Emergency Service Program (PONED) at Health Centers, Tegal Rejeki, Sri Tanjung; Akhyar, Muhammad; R, Supriyadi Hari
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Maternal mortality reached 33 cases in Tegal in 2015. Some measures had been taken to reduce maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate, among others was basic obstetric and neonatal emergency service program (PONED). The PONED program was operated by health centers with inpatients services 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. This study evaluated the Implementation of Basic Obstetric and Neonatal Emergency Service Program (PONED) at Health Centers, Tegal.Subjects and Method: This was an evaluation study with qualitative approach and CIPP (context, input, process, product) framework. This study was conducted in Tegal, Central Java. A total of 10 key informants, including Head of Family Health and Nutrition Division at the District Health Office Tegal, Head of Health Centers, Midwife responsible for operating PONED, mothers with post heavy pre-eclampsia, were selected for this study. The data were collected by in-depth interview, observation, and document review. Results: From the context perspective, the objective of PONED at the health centers conformed with the policy. The number of health personnel was sufficient. But nurses have not been involved in the PONED health centers. There was no special fund for operating PONED health centers. The number of facilities was sufficient. From the input perspective training on emergency service had been well carried of. An effort to increase facilities had been plan from the process perspective  the health centers PONED services had conformed with the SOP. The health personnel performed task according to the job description. Intersectoral collaboration and program were well implemented. The impeding factors included the long process of BPJS claim, and low community awareness. From the product perspective, patients reported high satisfaction of the health centers PONED services.Conclusion: The basic obstetric and neonatal emergency services program (PONED) has been well implemented in Tegal.Keywords: PONED program, evaluation, CIPP, maternal mortality Correspondence: Sri Tanjung Rejeki. School of Health Sciences Bhakti Mandala Husada, Slawi. Email: sritanjung-rejeki@yahoo.co.id.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(4): 257-267https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.04.07
Prenatal Factors Associated with the Risk of Stunting: A Multilevel Analysis Evidence from Nganjuk, East Java Indriani, Dewi; Dewi, Lanti Retno; Murti, Bhisma; Qadrijati, Isna
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Globally, one in four children under the age of five suffers from stunting. Stunting is associated with an underdeveloped brain, with long-lasting harmful consequences, including diminished mental ability and learning capacity, poor school performance in childhood, reduced earnings and increased risks of nutrition-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in future. This study aimed to analyze prenatal factors associated with the risk of stunting in Nganjuk, East Java, using a multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case control design. The study was conducted at 25 posyandus (integrated health posts) in Nganjuk, East Java, from June 03 to July 07, 2018. Posyandu was selected by stratified random sampling. A sample of 225 children under five was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 75 stunted children and 150 normal children. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were birth length, maternal height, and family size. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression run on Stata 13.Results: The risk of stunting increased with maternal height <150 cm (b= 2.59; 95% CI= -0.75 to 4.42; p= 0.006), birth length <48 cm (b=4.17; 95% CI= 2.19 to 6.15; p<0.001), and large family size (b= 2.31; 95% CI= 0.34 to 4.29; p= 0.022). Posyandu had a contextual effect on stunting with ICC= 63.39%.Conclusion: The risk of stunting increases with maternal height <150 cm, birth length <48 cm, and large family size. Posyandu has a sizeable contextual effect on stunting.Keywords: stunting, birth length, maternal height, family size, posyandu, multilevelCorrespondence:Dewi Indriani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: dindriani11@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285735830730.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(4): 294-300https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.04.07

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