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INDONESIA
AL-MUQARANAH-Jurnal Program Studi Perbandingan Mazhab
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
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Core Subject : Education,
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Articles 32 Documents
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Pengaruh Pola Asuh Otoriter Terhadap Perkembangan Emosional Anak Aditya, Panca; Mubarok, Ahmad Raihan; Situmorang, M Rizqi; Khoir, Achmad Faatihul
Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab Vol 3, No 2 (2025): AL MUQARANAH : JULI
Publisher : Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab

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Abstract

This study aims to investigate the impact of authoritarian parenting on children’s emotional development. The problem addressed in this research concerns how strict parenting styles affect children's ability to regulate and express emotions in a healthy manner. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, the research involved five children aged 6–12 years and their parents who exhibit authoritarian parenting behaviors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, and were analyzed using the interactive model by Miles and Huberman. The findings indicate that children raised under authoritarian parenting tend to be emotionally suppressed, anxious, and have difficulty expressing their feelings. They also show signs of fear and hesitation in communicating with their parents. In contrast, some children develop passive-aggressive tendencies as a coping mechanism. These results support previous findings on the negative psychological impacts of authoritarian parenting and highlight the need for more emotionally supportive parenting practices. The study concludes that authoritarian parenting has a significant negative influence on the emotional well-being of children. Recommendations include promoting parenting education that balances discipline with empathy and emotional nurturing, especially in Muslim families where parenting is often influenced by cultural and religious values.Keywords: authoritarian parenting, emotional development, children, parenting style, qualitative study Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pola asuh otoriter terhadap perkembangan emosional anak. Masalah yang diamati dalam penelitian ini berkaitan dengan bagaimana pola pengasuhan yang ketat memengaruhi kemampuan anak dalam mengelola dan mengekspresikan emosi secara sehat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, melibatkan lima anak berusia 6–12 tahun beserta orang tuanya yang menerapkan pola asuh otoriter. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak yang diasuh secara otoriter cenderung mengalami penekanan emosi, merasa cemas, dan kesulitan mengekspresikan perasaannya. Anak juga menunjukkan tanda-tanda ketakutan dalam berkomunikasi dengan orang tua. Di sisi lain, sebagian anak mengembangkan kecenderungan agresif pasif sebagai bentuk respons terhadap tekanan yang dialami. Temuan ini mendukung penelitian sebelumnya mengenai dampak negatif psikologis dari pola asuh otoriter, serta menekankan pentingnya praktik pengasuhan yang lebih mendukung kebutuhan emosional anak. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pola asuh otoriter memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan emosional anak. Rekomendasi yang diajukan meliputi perlunya pendidikan pengasuhan yang menyeimbangkan antara disiplin dan empati, terutama dalam konteks keluarga muslim yang dipengaruhi nilai-nilai budaya dan agama.Kata Kunci: pola asuh otoriter, perkembangan emosional, anak, gaya pengasuhan, studi kualitatif
Analisis Madzhab Syaf’i Dan Hanafi Tentang Batasan Usia Perkawinan Hanifah, Abu; Nasa, Raihan; Hafiz, Maulan Abdul
Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab Vol 3, No 2 (2025): AL MUQARANAH : JULI
Publisher : Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab

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Abstract

Determining the age limit for marriage is an important issue in Islamic law because it is closely related to the physical, mental, and social maturity of the prospective bride and groom. This article examines a comparison of the views of the Shafi'i and Hanafi schools of thought particularly the opinion of Imam Abu Hanifah regarding the age of puberty as a condition for a valid marriage contract. The research method used is normative research with a juridical-empirical approach through a literature study of classical fiqh literature and positive legal regulations in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the Shafi'i school of thought sets the maximum age of puberty at 15 years for both males and females, while Imam Abu Hanifah sets it at 18 years for males and 17 years for females. Although both agree that the validity of marriage is not only determined by age, but also by the attainment of puberty and the ability to bear household responsibilities, the modern context demands the strengthening of legal protection for children through restrictions on the minimum age of marriage. Based on an analysis of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, Imam Shafi'i's opinion, which focuses on puberty as an indicator of maturity with adjustments to health and psychological standards is considered the most valid to be integrated into the contemporary family law system.Keywords: Minimum Age for Marriage, Islamic Law, Shafi'i School of Thought, Hanafi School of Thought, Maqasid al-Shari'ah Abstrak:Penentuan batas usia perkawinan merupakan isu penting dalam hukum Islam karena berkaitan erat dengan kematangan fisik, mental, dan sosial calon mempelai. Artikel ini mengkaji perbandingan pandangan Mazhab Syafi’i dan Mazhab Hanafi khususnya pendapat Imam Abu Hanifah mengenai batas usia baligh sebagai syarat sahnya akad nikah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan yuridis-empiris melalui studi pustaka terhadap literatur fikih klasik dan regulasi hukum positif di Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Mazhab Syafi’i menetapkan usia baligh maksimal 15 tahun bagi laki-laki dan perempuan, sedangkan Imam Abu Hanifah menetapkan 18 tahun bagi laki-laki dan 17 tahun bagi perempuan. Meskipun keduanya sepakat bahwa syarat sah nikah tidak hanya ditentukan oleh usia, melainkan pada tercapainya baligh dan kemampuan memikul tanggung jawab rumah tangga, konteks modern menuntut penguatan perlindungan hukum bagi anak melalui pembatasan usia minimal perkawinan. Berdasarkan analisis maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, pendapat Imam Syafi’i yang berfokus pada baligh sebagai indikator kematangan—dengan penyesuaian terhadap standar kesehatan dan psikologis—dinilai paling rajih untuk diintegrasikan dalam sistem hukum keluarga kontemporer.Kata Kunci: Batas Usia Perkawinan, Hukum Islam, Mazhab Syafi’I, Mazhab Hanafi, Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah 
Urgensi Wahdatul Ulum dalam Reformasi Hukum: Perspektif Antara Ilmu Hukum dan Ilmu Keislaman At Thaariq, Dimas
Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab Vol 3, No 2 (2025): AL MUQARANAH : JULI
Publisher : Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab

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Wahdatul Ulum, a concept that emphasizes the unity of knowledge, plays an important role in the context of legal reform, especially when viewed from the perspective of Islamic law and jurisprudence. This abstract explores the urgency of Wahdatul Ulum in contemporary legal discourse, highlighting its potential to bridge the gap between secular legal systems and Islamic legal traditions. By fostering a holistic understanding of law that combines legal science and Islamic principles, Wahdatul Ulum can contribute to the development of a more just and comprehensive legal framework. This approach is particularly relevant in Muslim-majority societies where the need to align modern legal systems with deeply rooted Islamic values is increasingly pressing. This research further investigates the challenges and potential opportunities associated with the implementation of Wahdatul Ulum in legal reform. This research examines how this concept can play an important role in addressing contemporary legal issues, such as human rights, gender equality, and economic justice, while remaining faithful to the core principles of Islamic jurisprudence. By promoting interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration between legal scholars and Islamic scholars, Wahdatul Ulum can facilitate the creation of legal solutions that are based on Islamic traditions and responsive to the evolving needs of modern society.Keywords: Wahdatul ulum, Sience law, IslamicAbstrakWahdatul Ulum sebuah konsep yang menekankan kesatuan pengetahuan, memainkan peran penting dalam konteks reformasi hukum, terutama jika dilihat dari perspektif hukum dan yurisprudensi Islam. Abstrak ini mengeksplorasi urgensi Wahdatul Ulum dalam wacana hukum kontemporer, menyoroti potensinya untuk menjembatani kesenjangan antara sistem hukum sekuler dan tradisi hukum Islam. Dengan menumbuhkan pemahaman holistik tentang hukum yang menggabungkan ilmu hukum dan prinsip-prinsip Islam, Wahdatul Ulum dapat berkontribusi pada pengembangan kerangka hukum yang lebih adil dan komprehensif. Pendekatan ini sangat relevan dalam masyarakat mayoritas Muslim di mana kebutuhan untuk menyelaraskan sistem hukum modern dengan nilai-nilai Islam yang berakar kuat semakin mendesak. Penelitian ini menyelidiki lebih lanjut tantangan dan potensi peluang yang terkait dengan implementasi Wahdatul Ulum dalam reformasi hukum. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana konsep ini dapat memainkan peran penting dalam menangani isu-isu hukum kontemporer, seperti hak asasi manusia, kesetaraan gender, dan keadilan ekonomi, dengan tetap berpegang teguh pada prinsip-prinsip utama fikih Islam. Dengan mempromosikan dialog interdisipliner dan kolaborasi antara para sarjana hukum dan sarjana Islam, Wahdatul Ulum dapat memfasilitasi terciptanya solusi hukum yang didasarkan pada tradisi Islam dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat modern yang terus berkembang.Kata Kunci: Wahdatul Ulum, Ilmu Pengetahuan Hukum, Islam
Kajian Komparatif Tentang Pencatatan Nikah Dalam Madzhab Syafi'i Dan Hanafi Aditya, Panca; Hasby, Muhammad Abdillah; Bangun, Asnaria Cevinta
Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab Vol 3, No 2 (2025): AL MUQARANAH : JULI
Publisher : Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab

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Abstract

This study explores the similarities and differences in the perspectives of two major Islamic legal schools Syafi’i and Hanafi on marriage registration. While classical Islamic jurisprudence does not consider formal registration as a prerequisite for a valid marriage, modern legal systems view registration as essential for ensuring legal protection. The aim of this research is to analyze how both schools interpret the concept of marriage registration and relate their views to contemporary legal frameworks in Muslim-majority countries such as Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative, normative-comparative method using literature analysis from classical fiqh texts and modern academic sources. The findings reveal that the Syafi’i school maintains that marriage is valid without formal registration as long as the religious pillars are met. In contrast, the Hanafi school demonstrates greater flexibility, considering administrative registration as legally necessary when public interest (maslahah) is involved. The discussion highlights the importance of contextualizing classical jurisprudence within modern realities, advocating for a reinterpretation of Islamic law through the lens of maqashid al-shariah. This approach supports state-mandated registration as a means to protect women's and children's rights and ensure legal certainty. Therefore, marriage registration should not merely be seen as an administrative act but as a critical component of social and legal protection in contemporary Muslim societies.Keywords: marriage registration, Syafi’i school, Hanafi school, Islamic law, maqashid al-shariah.Abstrak:Penelitian ini membahas perbedaan dan persamaan pandangan dua madzhab utama dalam fiqh Islam, yaitu Syafi’i dan Hanafi, terhadap pencatatan nikah. Dalam konteks hukum Islam klasik, pencatatan nikah bukan merupakan syarat sah, namun dalam praktik hukum modern, pencatatan menjadi instrumen penting untuk menjamin kepastian hukum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelaah pendapat fiqhiyah kedua madzhab mengenai urgensi pencatatan nikah serta mengaitkannya dengan konteks hukum positif kontemporer, khususnya di negara-negara Muslim seperti Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif-komparatif, melalui kajian pustaka terhadap literatur klasik dan kontemporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Madzhab Syafi’i tidak menjadikan pencatatan sebagai bagian dari keabsahan nikah secara syar’i, sementara Madzhab Hanafi lebih terbuka terhadap pencatatan sebagai bagian dari kemaslahatan hukum. Dalam pembahasan, disimpulkan bahwa pencatatan nikah dapat diberlakukan sebagai kewajiban legal oleh negara demi perlindungan terhadap hak-hak perempuan dan anak. Kajian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam memahami relevansi fiqh klasik dalam konteks modern serta urgensi reinterpretasi hukum Islam melalui pendekatan maqashid al-shariah. Dengan demikian, pencatatan nikah tidak hanya berfungsi administratif, tetapi juga sebagai bagian integral dari perlindungan sosial dan hukum dalam masyarakat Muslim.Kata Kunci: pencatatan nikah, madzhab Syafi’i, madzhab Hanafi, hukum Islam, maqashid al-shariah
Kedudukan Wali Fasik Dalam Akad Nikah Menurut Fiqh Klasik Dan Relevansinya Dengan Praktik Perkawinan Kontemporer Usada, Widia; Adly, Muhammad Amar
Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Al-Muqaranah Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab
Publisher : Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab

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This study aims to analyze the position of the fasik guardian in the validity of marriage contracts according to classical fiqh and examine its relevance to contemporary marriage practices in Indonesia. The background of this study is based on the tension between the normative provisions of classical fiqh, which require the guardian to be just, and the social reality of modern society, where the guardian still often plays a role in marriage contracts that are performed and recorded by the state. This study uses a qualitative method with a legal-normative approach through a literature study of classical fiqh books, particularly the book Fathul Mu'in bi Syarhi Qurratil 'Ain, as well as contemporary Islamic legislation and legal literature. The results show that in classical fiqh, a fasik guardian does not, in principle, meet the requirements of justice, so that his guardianship is disputed among scholars, but repentance is seen as being able to erase fasik and restore guardianship rights under certain conditions. Furthermore, the concept of a fasik guardian in classical fiqh remains normatively relevant in contemporary marriage practices, but requires a contextual approach to be in line with the marriage registration system and the need for legal certainty and public interest in Indonesia.Keyword: Classical fiqh, Contemporary marriage, Legal certainty, Marriage contract, Fāsiq guardian
Negara Hukum dan Demokrasi dalam Perspektif Konstitusional Rangkuti, Afifa
Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Al-Muqaranah Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab
Publisher : Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab

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This study aims to analyze the normative construction and interrelation between the principles of the rule of law and democracy within the Indonesian constitutional system. The rule of law and democracy constitute two fundamental pillars affirmed in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, particularly through the provisions on constitutional supremacy and popular sovereignty. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches, based on library research of primary and secondary legal materials. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically to examine constitutional supremacy, legality, separation of powers, checks and balances, protection of human rights, and public participation in law-making and governance. The findings reveal that the rule of law provides a normative framework to limit and control state power, while democracy ensures political legitimacy in the formation and implementation of law. Both principles are complementary and essential in establishing a just, participatory, and civilized government. Nevertheless, practical challenges remain, requiring the strengthening of legal institutions and the deepening of substantive democracy to fully realize constitutional ideals. spasi.
MODELS OF POLYGAMY REGULATION AROUND THE WORLD: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMEN’S RIGHTS Agus Salim; Sukiati Sukiati; Iwan Iwan
Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Al-Muqaranah Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab
Publisher : Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab

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Polygamy is one of the most controversial issues in Islamic family law, continuously debated from both normative and comparative perspectives. This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of polygamy from a comparative law perspective, covering both Muslim-majority countries and those that have undergone significant family law reform. The method employed is normative legal research using a comparative approach and a conceptual approach. Data sources consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed through qualitative-descriptive analysis. The findings indicate three models of polygamy regulation in the Muslim world: first, countries that absolutely prohibit polygamy (such as Tunisia and Turkey); second, countries that permit polygamy under strict conditions through judicial oversight (such as Indonesia and Morocco); and third, countries that permit polygamy with minimal conditions based on classical fiqh (such as Saudi Arabia and Malaysia). These regulatory differences are influenced by historical, political, socio-cultural factors, and local scholarly ijtihad. In conclusion, comparative law demonstrates that there is no single universal model for regulating polygamy in Islam, and each country retains its own authority to interpret and implement Islamic law in accordance with its local context.Keyword: Polygamy; Comparative Law; Islamic Family Law; Law Reform; Marriage.
THE DOWRY: BETWEEN RELIGIOUS DOCTRINE AND LOCAL CULTURE Nurmalia Tara; Muhammad Amar Adly
Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Al-Muqaranah Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab
Publisher : Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab

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Mahr is one of the essential elements in Islamic marriage that has a strong normative foundation in the Qur'an and the Prophetic Sunnah. However, its implementation across the Muslim world including Indonesia shows significant variation, shaped by local traditions, social structures, and interpretations across the various schools of Islamic jurisprudence. This paper comprehensively examines the provisions of mahr according to the four major legal schools (madhabs) Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali alongside contemporary scholarly perspectives, analyzes the shifting value of mahr within the cultural context of the Nusantara archipelago, including the customary traditions of the Bugis, Minangkabau, Javanese, Batak, and Acehnese peoples, and investigates how the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam/KHI) and the jurisprudence of the Religious Courts accommodate the tension between normative texts and local traditions. The methodology employed is library research (studi kepustakaan) with comparative, historical, and normative approaches. The findings reveal that despite variations in determining the amount, form, and social function of mahr, all four schools are unanimous regarding its obligatory nature and its function as an expression of respect toward the woman. Contemporary Islamic jurisprudence offers a maqasid al-shari'ah perspective that reinforces the relevance of mahr as an instrument of gender justice. Local Indonesian cultures, in many respects, actually strengthen the substantive principles of Islamic law concerning mahr, although in certain aspects they require adjustment and purification through contextual ijtihad.Keyword: Mahr, Schools of Islamic Jurisprudence, Contemporary Fiqh, Maqasid al-Shari'ah, Local Culture
MARRIAGE CONCEPTS AND ESSENCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CLASSICAL ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE AND INDONESIAN NATIONAL LAW Mukhlis Tri Mulya Marpaung; Muhammad Amar Adly
Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Al-Muqaranah Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab
Publisher : Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab

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Marriage is a legal institution that occupies a central position in both Islamic family law and Indonesian national law. However, public understanding of the nature of marriage is often reduced to mere formality, obscuring its substantive and spiritual significance. This study aims to analyze the concept of marriage (nikah) in classical fiqh, to understand the essence of marriage as both a legal contract (aqd) and a solemn covenant (mitsaqan ghalizhan), and to examine the regulation of marriage within the Indonesian national legal system. This study employs normative legal research with a conceptual approach and comparative approach. Primary legal materials include the Qur'an, Hadith, Law Number 1 of 1974 as amended by Law Number 16 of 2019 on Marriage, and the Islamic Law Compilation (KHI), while secondary materials consist of classical fiqh texts and contemporary scientific literature. Data analysis employs descriptive-analytical and comparative methods. The findings reveal that: first, classical fiqh scholars define marriage in varied ways yet converge on one substance, with the legal status being dynamic according to individual circumstances (obligatory, recommended, permissible, discouraged, or prohibited); second, marriage in Islam integrates two complementary dimensions, namely the contractual dimension as a formal legal framework and the mitsaqan ghalizhan dimension as a moral-spiritual framework; and third, the Indonesian national legal system accommodates Islamic fiqh values through the Marriage Law and KHI, with the obligation of registration serving as an instrument for protecting citizens' rights in harmony with maqasid al-shari'ah.Keyword: Islamic Marriage; Classical Fiqh; Mitsaqan Ghalizhan; National Law
PROVISIONS ON LINEAGE AND THE STATUS OF CHILDREN ACCORDING TO CLASSICAL SCHOLARS AND INDONESIAN POSITIVE LAW Ihsan Siregar; Muhammad Amar Adly
Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab Vol 4, No 2 (2026): Al-Muqaranah Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab
Publisher : Al-Muqaranah : Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Mazhab

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This research investigates the fundamental differences regarding nasab (lineage) and child status under Islamic Law and Positive Law in Indonesia, along with their respective juridical consequences. A normative-juridical comparative methodology was employed, drawing on the Quran, Hadith, classical Fiqh texts, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Findings reveal that Islamic Law rejects a lineage bond between a child born outside wedlock and the biological father; such a child’s nasab is exclusively tied to the mother and her family, excluding inheritance rights and marriage guardianship (wali nikah) from the paternal line. Indonesian Positive Law, following Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010, opens a legal avenue for out-of-wedlock children to establish civil ties with their biological father through scientific verification (DNA testing). Nonetheless, this ruling does not automatically alter nasab status regarding biological marriage guardianship under Islamic law. This legal convergence reflects the state’s commitment to safeguarding children’s c ivil rights without disregarding the sharia principles upheld in society.

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