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Iwan Ridwan
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FLUIDA
Published by Politeknik Negeri Bandung
ISSN : 14128543     EISSN : 27237680     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35313/fluida
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
FLUIDA (FLD, ISSN: 1412-8543, e-ISSN: 2723-7680) is a science and technology journal that contains articles taken from laboratory research results, simulation results of problems, conceptual analysis (the study of problem-solving in writing) about the production process, troubleshooting, and maintenance as well as results of studies/evaluations of the performance of a system process, especially in the fields of Chemical Engineering, Sustainable and Renewable Energy, Bioprocess Technology, and Food Technology.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 126 Documents
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The Methylene Blue Adsorption by Calcium Alginate-Activated Carbon Composite in Fixed Bed Column Adzikri Wardana Putra; Heru Hermawan; Sinta Setyaningrum; Tifa Paramitha
Fluida Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v17i2.4926

Abstract

Methylene blue is a material that is often used as a cationic dye in the textile industry. Methylene blue is toxic and difficult to degrade. Adsorption is one method to reduce the methylene blue from wastewater. In this study, methylene blue was adsorbed by calcium alginate/activated carbon composite (CaAlg-AcC) in a fixed bed column. The influence of CaCl2.2H2O concentration, initial concentration of methylene blue, and flow rate in the continuous adsorption process were investigated. Every adsorption process was done in 110 min. The results revealed that the CaAlg-AcC composite synthesized using 1% (w/v) CaCl2.2H2O solution has the highest adsorption percentage, 95.28% in 110 min. The initial methylene blue concentration 50 mg/L gave the highest result of adsorption percentage with the smallest amount of methylene blue adsorbed of 31.77 mg.  The flow rate of methylene blue 4 ml/min reached the highest adsorption percentage with the amount of methylene blue adsorbed of 41.79 mg.
Effectiveness of Silica Sulphate Catalyst Based on Rice Husk Ash in The Oleic Acid Esterification Process Lidya Elizabeth; Ade Rifqi Maulana; Anisa Dwi Febriani; Saripudin; Eko Andrijanto
Fluida Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v17i2.5279

Abstract

Rice husk contains a lot of silica, so it is widely used as research material. One example is as a raw material for the synthesis of silica sulfate. Silica sulfate was synthesized using the sol-gel method with an impregnation time of 6 hours and 2 hours of calcination with variations in calcination temperature of 400-800oC. The analysis carried out on the silica sulfate catalyst is the analysis of acid concentration and FTIR. The best acid concentration results were 0.86 mmol/gram at 400oC. Characterization with FTIR showed similar peaks between silica and silica sulfate. The -OH and Si-O groups appeared at the peak of the analysis results, indicating that the synthesis of silica from rice husk had been carried out successfully. Modifying silica with sulfuric acid is not obvious through FTIR because the S-OH groups of sulfate ions overlap with the silica atoms in siloxane. The resulting silica sulfate is used as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol. The esterification process was carried out at 60oC and varied with independent variables, namely catalyst loading (5-10%-b), time (2-4 hours), and molar ratio (1:6-1:12). The experimental design was determined using the Response Surface Method (RSM) using Design Expert. From the study results, the best variation obtained was a conversion of 87.03% with a variation of catalyst loading of 7.5%-b, a time of 4 hours, and a molar ratio of 1:12.
Optimasi Ekstraksi Kandungan Antosianin Total Bunga Telang Kering (Clitoria ternatea L.) Dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Riniati Riniati; Endang Widiastuti; Marisa Nursalsabila Ismail; Kevin Mochamad
Fluida Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v17i2.6049

Abstract

Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) has been used in Indonesia as a natural dye in food and cosmetics due to its varying colors, which depend on the acidity (pH) of the environment. The vibrant colors are attributed to the presence of anthocyanin compounds. This study optimized the anthocyanin extraction process from dried butterfly pea flowers using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The variables tested included different concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 0.01%, 1%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, and 3.75% in 96% ethanol, as well as extraction times of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 minutes. The optimum extraction conditions identified were a HCl concentration of 3.5% in 96% ethanol with an extraction duration of 12 minutes, which yielded an anthocyanin concentration of 116.89 ppm.The FTIR analysis confirmed the similarity in functional groups between butterfly pea flower extracts and blackberry fruit extracts, highlighting the potential of butterfly pea flowers as a reliable anthocyanin source
The Effect of Fermentation Time in Full Wash and Honey Processing on Arabica Coffee Characteristics Bevi Lidya; Isnaeni Rahma Wildiani; Muhammad Zikri Ramadhan; Tri Hariyadi
Fluida Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v17i2.6124

Abstract

Fermentation is the key to every post-harvest processing method carried out. Fermentation in coffee also serves to determine the characteristics of the resulting coffee. To bring out the characteristics of coffee, modification of the fermentation process is used by adding lactic acid bacteria which aims to reduce the caffeine and pH levels in coffee. Low pH in coffee can protect coffee beans from another microorganism and give fruity flavour in coffee. This research aims to determine the effect of lactic acid fermentation time on processing with the full wash and honey method on the characteristics of arabica coffee beans. Fermentation is done with time variations of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 hours. The post-harvest processing carried out is the full wash and honey method. The analysis was carried out to determine the water content (gravimetric method), caffeine content (UV- Vis spectrophotometry), pH (pH metre), and total acid level (titration method). The results showed that the longer the fermentation time, the lower the caffeine content and pH levels in coffee. Processing with the full wash method produces lower caffeine levels, while the honey method produces a lower pH and a higher total acid content. The best experiment was obtained at 40-hour fermentation using the honey method, with water content of 9.07%; caffeine 1.11%; pH 4.00; and total acid content of 27%, based on SNI 2008.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Using Activated Carbon Bioadsorbent Coffee Grounds and Reed Grass Without Flow Rate Irwan Hidayatulloh; Dianty Rosirda Dewi Kurnia; Heni Anggorowati; Emma Hermawati Muhari; Luthfiana Kharisma; Radianti Novita Sari; Tifa Paramitha; Rony Pasonang Sihombing
Fluida Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v17i2.6269

Abstract

Methylene blue adsorption research has been conducted using bioadsorbents from activated carbon of coffee grounds and reeds. Coffee grounds and reeds contain carbon and cellulose that are effective for binding dyes. This study aims to determine the characteristics of activated carbon from coffee grounds and reeds based on SNI-06-3730-1995 and assess the color reduction of wastewater referring to the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 51/MENLH/1995, which sets the maximum methylene blue content in industrial wastewater at 5-10 mg/L. The research method includes bioadsorbent preparation, characterization, and adsorption process with UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. Mass ratio variation was conducted on each adsorbent at each contact time variation and methylene blue concentration variation. The results of the analysis showed that the activated carbon of coffee grounds and reeds fulfills SNI-06-3730-1995 which is characterized by values that are below the maximum value in each parameter. The effectiveness of methylene blue adsorption by coffee grounds and reeds activated carbon reached 98.15% at a ratio of coffee grounds and reeds activated carbon 0:1 (w/w) for 120 minutes at a concentration of 25 mg/L. The adsorption capacity using the Freundlich isotherm method on reed activated carbon was 1.100 mg/g and coffee grounds activated carbon was 1.019 mg/g. The adsorption process of coffee grounds and reeds activated carbon has no effect on the carbon and cellulose structure of coffee grounds and reeds contained in activated carbon, namely O-H, C-H, C=C, and C=O.
Analisa Perancangan Nozzle Low-Pressure Sootblower Tipe Long Retractable Pada Boiler PLTU Subcritical Ika Yuliyani; Ilzam Multazam Ramadan
Fluida Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v18i1.5502

Abstract

Conventional high-pressure sootblowers (148 bar, 492°C) in coal-fired power plants frequently suffer from mechanical failures (e.g., valve leaks, pipe erosion) and excessive energy consumption due to pressure drops. These issues necessitate an alternative solution to improve boiler efficiency and reduce maintenance costs. This study designs a retractable low-pressure nozzle utilizing intermediate-pressure turbine steam (12.13 bar, 395°C) to address these challenges. Through the development of a divergent full-cone nozzle (throat/exit diameters: 15.45/35.87 mm) and verification via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the nozzle achieved supersonic flow characteristics (Mach 1.2–1.7) with a steam mass fraction of 99.99%, while reducing pressure drop by 67% (4.77 bar compared to the conventional 14.8 bar). Field tests conducted at PLTU Banten 2 Labuan confirmed an effective cleaning area of 1.028 m² at a distance of 2.135 meters, demonstrating superior performance compared to traditional systems. Furthermore, the system achieved potential annual savings of approximately $3,981 per unit through reduced energy and maintenance costs. The results demonstrate that this low-pressure nozzle design not only mitigates slagging and fouling with lower operational risks but also offers a sustainable, energy-efficient, and economically viable alternative for improving the performance and reliability of subcritical coal-fired boilers.
sebuah Karakterisasi dan Pembuatan Half Cell SOFC Berbasis Ni-YSz dengan Menggunakan NiO Lokal Retno Dwi Jayanti; Riniati Riniati; Della Agustia Marhani; Chyntia Wahyuni Febryanti; Lina Troskialina
Fluida Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v18i1.6023

Abstract

Indonesia has great potential to produce Nickel Oxide due to the abundance of Ni resources that can be used for the manufacture of SOFC anode components. Ni-YSZ which is a mixture of metal and ceramic is widely used SOFC anodes. Ni was selected because it exhibits high electrical conductivity and serves as an internal reforming catalyst. In this study, the characterization and manufacturing of Ni-YSZ-based half cells using domestic NiO were conducted. The stages of half cell fabrication begin with the mixing of solid and liquid materials and, the process of milling, sonication, degassing, tape casting, and sintering. The manufacture of half cells was carried out by adding an anti-foam concentration with a variation of 0.4; 0,6; and 0.8%. The optimal percentage composition was 0.4% anti-foam variation with a visual appearance that was not cracked, slightly curved and posed a pore size of 0.779 μm. The results of the domestic NiO characterization of imported NiO showed greater element percentage values and viscosity values, a slightly curved half cell visual appearance, good electrolyte density, and porosity values that were not in accordance with the range.
Optimization of Glucomanan Extraction from Porang Flour with ATPS (Aqueous Two-Phase System) Using Factorial Design Budi Santoso; Haryadi; Vani Mutiara Pertiwi; Tasya Alya Az-Zahra
Fluida Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v18i1.6041

Abstract

Porang tubers are one of the foodstuffs rich in glucomannan content. Glucomannan is widely used in various industrial fields, one of which is pharmaceuticals. To produce pure glucomannan compounds, the method of isolating glucomannan using a two-phase water system (ATPS) solvent has been widely used. One option is isolation with a two-phase water system (ATPS) of inorganic salts ammonium sulfate and ethanol at various concentrations. This study focuses on optimizing the concentration ratio of ammonium sulfate and ethanol for the glucomannan extraction process, carried out with a factorial design and continued analysis with a response surface methodology (RSM) approach. The results of the experimental design at the composition of ammonium sulfate concentration of 17.07% w/w and ethanol of 27.07% w/w showed optimal dry extract acquisition in the two-phase water system (ATPS), with a yield of 81.07%. Characterization of the results of porang flour extract with FTIR produced stretching vibrations of the O-H group at 3427.51 cm-1 and C-O-C (glycosidic bond) at 1020.34 cm-1 and bending vibrations of the -CH functional group at 864.11 cm-1, which are specific values ​​for glucomannan compounds and using visible spectrophotometry, the glucomannan concentration was obtained at 32.67%.
EM4 Effect on Macronutrients and Microbial Growth in Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Cibogo Market Waste Dewi Widyabudiningsih; Kardian Rinaldi; Fachrel Muhammad Firdaus; Rafli Rizki Fauzi; Mentik Hulupi
Fluida Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v18i1.6050

Abstract

Waste represents a major environmental concern due to its contribution to pollution. According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, organic waste comprised 51.63% of total waste in Indonesia. This highlights the potential for converting organic waste into liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) through anaerobic fermentation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between macronutrient content and microbial growth in LOF and to determine the optimum fermentation time for producing LOF. LOF was made using organic waste from Cibogo market, including green vegetable waste and fruit peels banana, mango, and pineapple). The research was conducted using reactor which contained 5 kg of green vegetable waste and 5 kg of fruit peels, supplemented with EM4 bioactivator (200, 250, and 300 mL), water, and brown sugar. Samples were analyzed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Chemical parameters measured included nitrogen, phosphorus, C-organic, and potassium content, and microbial analysis was conducted to determine the role of microorganisms in the fermentation process. Results showed that the optimal fermentation time for LOF production was seven days, corresponding to the peak concentrations of NPK and C-organic. However, further optimization of EM4 volume and the ratio between waste and bioactivator is required, since the nutrient levels remain below the recommended standard. Moreover, the correlation between microbial population and nutrient availability requires further research, particularly with respect to the quantity of EM4 applied.
The Effect of Temperature and Fermentation Time Using Local Microorganism on Robusta Coffee Characteristics Joko Suryadi; Ardika Rizki Subagja; Arini Nur Amalia; Tri Hariyadi
Fluida Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v18i1.6119

Abstract

Robusta coffee beans are known to have higher caffeine levels compared to other coffee beans. Fermentation is one of the steps to reduce caffeine levels in coffee. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and fermentation time on robusta   coffee characteristics consisting of testing caffeine content, ethanol content, moisture content and pH. The fermentation process of coffee beans is carried out using local microorganism cassava tapai. The local microorganism of cassava tapai was chosen because it can be a source of microbial activity. Fermentation of coffee beans was carried out anaerobically with temperature variations of 30ºC and 37ºC and with fermentation time variations of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours. The results showed that the longer the fermentation time, the lower the caffeine content. Caffeine levels decreased from 4.88% to 2.53% ± 0 and 3.73% ± 0 at the 30ºC and 37ºC temperature variations at the longest time variation (48 hours). The degree of acidity or pH value decreased from 5.10 to 4.38 ± 0 and 4.27 ± 0,01. Moisture content is relatively fluctuating but all sample variations are in the standard range of 10-12.5%. Whereas ethanol content increased from 2.46% to 4.36% ± 0 and 4.26% ± 0,13. Through the P-value ANOVA Two Factor Without Replication test, it can be concluded that fermentation temperature has a significant effect on caffeine content and pH, while fermentation time has a significant effect on caffeine content, ethanol content and pH.

Page 12 of 13 | Total Record : 126

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