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TSAQAFAH
ISSN : 14110334     EISSN : 24600008     DOI : -
TSAQAFAH (pISSN: 1411-0334 | eISSN: 2460-0008) is journal of Islamic civilization published by University of Darussalam Gontor. It is semiannual journal published in May and November for the developing the scientific ethos. Editors accept scientific articles and result of research in accordance with its nature as a journal of Islamic Civilization, such as: Islamic Philosophy, Islam and Contemporary Issues, Religious Studies, Islamic Science, Islamic Economics, Islamic education, Qur’anic Studies, Islamic Law, and Islamic Ethics
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Articles 590 Documents
Transcendental Unity of Apperception In Kant’sTheory of Knowledge Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi
TSAQAFAH Vol 10, No 1 (2014): Islamic Philosophy
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (228.842 KB) | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v10i1.63

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This article aims at delineating Kant’s theory of understanding that integrate subject and object at the transcendent level. Transcendental here refers to the process of thinking in such a way that ‘transcends’ natural thinking. It is called transcendent for it occupied not so much with objects, but much about a metaphysical solution on how the object related to the subject. It starts with transcendental deduction by relating the objective with the subjective knowledge. Here he excludes transcendental deduction from the discussion of the empirical deduction. Afterward he differentiates the metaphysical deduction from transcendental deduction, in which he identifies transcendental deduction as the explanation of the way in which a priori concept can relate to object. The most important concept in Transcendental deduction is that of apperception. The analysis of this concept involve two abilities that later become two important steps: First ability of apprehending (reproducing and recognizing) knowledge of empirical truths. Second, ability of apprehending (reproducing and recognizing) knowledge of a non-empirical kind. Thus the general feature is the view that knowledge involve essentially the ability to judge (synthesize or combine) and the move from what is true empirically of our knowledge to what is true transcendentally. This is spontaneous act of mind and is called pure apperception or original apperception, while the principle that governs the unity of consciousness is entitled the Transcendental Unity of Apperception.
Filsafat Pendidikan dalam al-Qur’an: Dari Penciptaan Manusia ke Edukasi Komunikasi Sujiat Zubaidi
TSAQAFAH Vol 14, No 1 (2018): Contemporary Islamic Discourses
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (696.885 KB) | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v14i1.2297

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This article sheds light on obtaining the comprehensive interrelated study about the philosophical dimensions of education in the Qur’an in its various aspects. Because the spectrum of education in the Qur’an has a diverse horizon that we fnd it in several verses. Al-Qur’an is the pre eternal translator of the mighty book of the universe, the post eternal interpreter of the various tongues reciting the verses of creation; the commentator of the book of the Worlds of Seen and the Unseen. The revealer of the treasuries of the divine names hidden in the heavens and on the earth. Actually, that the education dimension we can explore on the creation of human beings with various terminology and the phase of its creation, even the terminology revealed by the Qur’an also implies the existence of education principles. Moreover, the existence of educational logic as a reflection of integrative education that we fnd in the chosen and inspirational word which in the contents of ‘Ulûm al-Qur’ân named i‘jâz lughawiy. In addition, that educational element in the repetition of words and stories is more interesting, as the dialogue contained in the Qur’an; both between God and His creations and between human and others, like parents’ dialogue with their children. In this article, the author also describes another aspect, namely the various principles of communication revealed by the Qur’an with a variety of symbols comprehensively; named qawlan karîman, qawlan sadîdan, qawlan ma‘rûfan and others
The Philosophy of Mulla Sadra Being a Summary of His Book al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliyah fi al-Asfar al-‘Aqliyyah al-Arba’ah Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi
TSAQAFAH Vol 5, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (456.457 KB) | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v5i2.131

Abstract

The depiction of Mulla Sadra’s philosophy could be best out by referring to his magnum opus, al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliyah, usually referred to as al-Asfar alArba’ah. The book contains almost all aspect of philosophy such as theory of essence and existence, subtance, movement, time, world order, knowledge, intellect and the likes. In addition, being Muslim peripatetic, he also gives special interest on the demonstrating the concept of God and eschatology. The summary below could hopefully be instrumental for paying particular interest in further studying Mulla Sadra thought for academic pusposes. The point interest, however, is to be found in his repudiation againts Ibn Sina’s concept of Essence and Existence. Whereas Ibn Sina vindicates the essence rather than existence, Sadra gives priority to existence rather than essence. Not only has Mulla Sadra differed from Ibn Sina and other Muslim peripatetic on the issue of essence and existance, but also on the problem of substance, movement, time.
Uslûb al-Hiwâr al-Qur’âni bayna al-Muslimîn wa al-Nasâra ‘inda Badî’uzzamân Sa’îd al-Nursi Sujiat Zubaidi Saleh
TSAQAFAH Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Religious Studies
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (417.792 KB) | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v10i2.196

Abstract

In order to solve some issues, the scholars’ dialogue often generates new ideas as it works to clarify the values of al-Qur’an and to enrich their understanding about it. Therefore, Nursi pointed to unite at present not only with the Muslim community and even with Christians, aside from the differences and disputes over union issues. It is possible to do so when the Muslims and the Christians refrain from their controversies among them. Nursi’s idea does not mean that he does not recognize any differences between them. There are some significant differences between the Christian and the Muslim faith, but those differences should not prevent them from the most important goal to provide new humanitarian look for human life, where God is the axis and the divine will for the moral values of this point. Nursi believes that the current religious relationship marred by erroneous thought as the result of post-modernism worldview. In fact, al-Qur’an recommended a mutual awareness of the communities that shapes them to gain a common goal in God witnesses as the divine values of this modern civilization in opposition to “clash of civilizations”, but this task needs some efforts to discuss on Quranic Dialogue. This dialogue could be undertaken well, as long as it sets out with full love and affection rather than with the fierce conflict and distress. Thus, Nursi introduced new ideas into interfaith dialogue between Muslims and Christians, to build a true civilization based on mutual relations of love.
شخصية عيسى عليه السلام في القرآن والإنجيل: دراسة مقارنة Harda Armayanto; Maria Ulfa
TSAQAFAH Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Da'wah and Islamic Communication
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (534.038 KB) | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i1.3089

Abstract

AbstractThis study is kind of Christology which examined the central figure in Christianity, Isa bin Maryam. In this article, the figure of Isa will be studied using a comparative study between the teachings of Islam and Christianity. This study is very significant because Isa is important figure in both religions. In Islam, Isa is considered the Messenger of Allah who spread the message of God to His creatures. He is also one of the chosen messenger with the title ululazmi, which has a great fortitude and patience in carrying out his duties. Whereas in Christianity, Isa is God. The study in this article refers directly to the two religious scriptures: the Qur'an and the Bible. It has to be done because the scriptures are the main source of teaching in every religion. In this article the authors focuse on the study of Isa al-Masih in three discussions: his birth, his death, and his divinity. From this study, the authors find that there are many fundamental differences in both Islam and Christianity.Keywords: Isa, Qur'an, Bible, Birth, Death, Divinity. AbstrakKajian ini masuk ke dalam studi Kristologi yang mengkaji sosok sentral dalam agama Kristen, yaitu Isa bin Maryam. Dalam artikel ini, sosok Isa akan dikaji dengan menggunakan studi perbandingan antara ajaran agama Islam dengan Kristen. Kajian ini sangat penting dilakukan mengingat sosok Isa adalah pribadi yang penting dalam kedua agama tersebut. Dalam Islam, Isa dianggap Rasulullah yang menyebarkan risalah Allah kepada makhluk-Nya. Ia juga merupakan salah satu rasul pilihan dengan gelar ululazmi, yaitu rasul yang memiliki ketabahan dan kesabaran yang luar biasa dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Sedangkan dalam Kristen, Isa adalah Tuhan. Kajian dalam artikel ini merujuk langsung kepada kitab suci kedua agama: al-Qur’an dan Alkitab. Hal ini dilakukan, karena kitab suci merupakan sumber ajaran utama dalam setiap agama. Dalam artikel ini penulis memfokuskan kajian terhadap Isa al-Masih pada tiga hal: kelahirannya, kematiannya, dan perihal ketuhanannya. Dari kajian terhadap ketiga hal tersebut ditemukan banyak sekali perbedaan mendasar yang ada pada agama Islam maupun Kristen.Kata Kunci: Isa, Kelahiran, Kematian, Ketuhanan, al-Qur’an, Alkitab.
Dialog Sunni-Syi‘ah antara Konfrontasi dan Rekonsiliasi Syamsuddin Arif
TSAQAFAH Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Da'wah and Islamic Communication
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (482.782 KB) | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i1.2783

Abstract

AbstractSunni-Shiite relations have been a perennial problem for Muslims for hundreds of years. Each has its own characteristics, style, character, worldview and belief system. Harmony and tension continue alternately to color the relationship between the two. In the present-day Middle East, Sunni-Shia tensions contribute to multiple flash points that are viewed as growing threats to international peace and security. Many ask, therefore: Is it possible for Sunnis and Shiites to be reconciled or united? Is it possible that the centuries-old conflict is revoked and eliminated? This article tries to answer these crucial questions from theological and historical perspectives, revealing facts that are often overlooked and tracing primary and secondary authoritative sources. It was concluded that the Shiites emerged from within the Muslim community and had freely but persistently used Islamic concepts, terms, and symbols such as imam, Ahlul Bayt, ‘Ashura (the tenth day of Muharram), mut‘ah (temporary marriage), sayyid (master), ayat (sign) for ideological purposes most of which contradict the faith of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama‘ah.Keywords: Shi'ah, Shiism, Sunni-Shia Conflict, Intra-religious Polemic, Sectarianism, ReconciliationAbstrakHubungan Sunni-Syi‘ah menjadi masalah perenial umat Islam sejak beratus tahun lamanya. Masing-masing mempunyai ciri, corak, karakter, cara pandang dan sistem kepercayaan tersendiri. Kerukunan dan ketegangan silih-berganti mewarnai relasi antara keduanya. Banyak yang bertanya, mungkinkah Sunni dan Syi‘ah dipertemukan atau dipersatukan? Dan mungkinkah konflik yang telah mengakar ratusan tahun lamanya itu bisa dicabut dan dilenyapkan? Artikel ini coba menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan krusial ini dari perspektif teologis maupun historis, dengan menyingkap fakta-fakta yang sering diabaikan dan menelusuri sumber-sumber otoritatif primer serta sekunder. Disimpulkan bahwa Syi‘ah muncul dari dalam umat Islam dan memakai konsep-konsep, istilah-istilah, serta simbol-simbol yang ada di dalam Islam seperti ‘imam’, ‘Ahlul Bayt’, ‘Asyura’, ‘mut‘ah’, ‘sayyid’, ‘ayat’ untuk kepentingan ideologis yang bertolak-belakang dengan akidah Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama‘ah. Kata Kunci: Syiah, Konflik Sunni-Syiah, Polemik Antargolongan, Sektarianisme,Rekonsiliasi.
Dakwah Hamka Menjawab Isu-Isu Kenegaraan dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar Akmal Rizki Gunawan Hasibuan; Agustina Agustina
TSAQAFAH Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Da'wah and Islamic Communication
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (435.18 KB) | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i1.2937

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AbstractThis explained that Buya Hamka was an Indonesian interpreter who had a major influence on efforts in grounding state values. This paper confirms that the discourse on state issues in al-Azhar's interpretation delivered by Hamka has a selective and accommodating impression. For example, in the context of religious and state relations, he was more inclined to Husein Muhammad Haikal's opinion which is said that in Islam there is a set of principles, moral and ethical values related to the life of society and the state. Whereas in its implementation, Islam does not determine the standard system of government, but Islam has the right to determine the system to be used. As for the state ideology, there were found inconsistencies in Hamka's thinking, a kind of development or shift in Hamka's attitude. On the one hand, Hamka wants an ideology of Islam in Indonesia, while on the other hand, he recognizes Pancasila as a state ideology. It is not another due in around the fifties, Muslims suspected with so many interpretations and differences of interpretation concerning the Pancasila as the State ideology, moreover, the interpretation of the secular group. The approach used in this study is an interpretive approach in order to understand a figure's thoughts/interpreters through their works.Keywords: Hamka, State Issues, Al-Azhar Interpretation.AbstrakIni memaparkan bahwa Buya Hamka (1908-1981) adalah salah seorang tokoh tafsir Indonesia yang punya pengaruh besar terhadap upaya pembumian nilai-nilai kenegaraan. Tulisan ini menegaskan bahwa wacana isu-isu kenegaraan dalam tafsir al-Azhar yang disampaikan oleh Hamka kepada para pembaca tafsirnya memiliki kesan selektif dan  akomodatif. Seperti misalnya, konteks hubungan agama dan negara, Hamka lebih cenderung kepada pendapat Muhammad Husein Haikal, yang mana dikatakan bahwa dalam Islam terdapat seperangkat prinsip dan tata nilai moral serta etika yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara. Sedangkan  dalam pelaksanaannya, Islam tidak menentukan sistem pemerintahan baku, akan tetapi Islam berhak menentukan sistem yang akan digunakan. Adapun mengenai ideologi negara, ditemukan adanya inkonsistensi dalam pemikiran Hamka, semacam perkembangan atau pergeseran sikap Hamka. Di satu sisi Hamka menginginkan Indonesia berideologi Islam, sedangkan disisi lain ia mengakui Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara. Hal tersebut tidak lain dikarenakan pada sekitar tahun lima puluhan, umat Islam curiga dengan banyaknya penafsiran dan perbedaan penafsiran mengenai Pancasila sebagai ideologi negara, terlebih lagi penafsiran dari kelompok sekuler. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah pendekatan interpretasi (interpretatif approach) dalam rangka memahami pemikiran seorang tokoh/mufasir melalui karya-karyanya.Kata Kunci: Hamka, Isu-Isu Kenegaraan, Tafsir Al-Azhar.
Pemanfaatan Majalah Suara Muhammadiyah Edisi 2015 sebagai Sumber Belajar Dinamika Peradaban Islam Suwarno Suwarno
TSAQAFAH Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Da'wah and Islamic Communication
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (374.273 KB) | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i1.2823

Abstract

AbstractThis study aims to reveal how far the 2015 edition of Suara Muhammadiyah (SM) magazine can be used as a learning resource for the subject of the Dynamics of Human Civilization at the Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto S2 Social Sciences Education Study Program (PIPS). The method used in this study is a method of social research with a qualitative approach. Social research methods consist of four steps, namely: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification or conclusion. The results of the study show that the 2015 edition of SM magazine can be used as a source of learning the dynamics of Islamic civilization. There are two main rubrics that can be used as learning resources for lecture material on the dynamics of Islamic civilization, namely sirah, and the chronicle of the Islamic world. A key element of the triumph of Islam is progress in the field of science both general and religious. In general science, the sirah rubric only shows Ibn Rushd as a maestro of philosophy. But in relation to religious science, the sirah rubric features many ulama figures, for example: founding 4 jurisprudence jurisprudents (Hanafi, Maliki, Asy Syafii and  Hanbali), commentators (Al Thabari and Al Qurtubi), and experts hadith (Al Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, At Tarmizi, Al Nasai and Ibn Majah). While in the chronicle of the Islamic world, many present the actual news of the Islamic world, especially about Palestine.Keywords: Suara Muhammadiyah Magazine, Learning Source, Islamic Civilization, Islamic World Cronic, SirahAbstrakKajian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap seberapa jauh majalah Suara Muhammadiyah (SM) edisi 2015 dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar untuk mata kuliah Dinamika Peradaban Manusia pada Program Studi S2 Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (PIPS) Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sosial dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode penelitian sosial terdiri atas empat   langkah, yaitu: pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi atau penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa majalah SM edisi 2015 dapat digunakan sebagai sumber belajar dinamika peradaban  Islam. Ada dua rubrik utama yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar untuk  materi perkuliahan dinamika peradaban Islam, yakni sirah, dan kronik dunia Islam. Elemen kunci kejayaan Islam adalah kemajuan dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan baik umum maupun agama. Dalam ilmu pengetahuan umum, rubrik sirah hanya menampilkan seoarng Ibnu Rusyd sebagai  maestro ilmu filsafat. Namun dalam kaitan dengan ilmu pengetahuan agama, rubrik sirah banyak menampilkan tokoh ulama, sebagai contoh:  ahli fiqih pendiri 4 mazhab (Imam Hanafi, Imam Maliki, Imam Asy Syafii dan Imam Hanbali), ahli tafsir (Al Thabari dan Al Qurtubi), serta ahli hadits (Imam Al Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, At Tarmizi, Al Nasai dan Ibnu Majah). Sementara dalam kronik dunia Islam banyak menampilkan berita aktual dunia Islam, terutama soal Palestina.    Kata kunci: majalah SM, edisi 2015, sumber belajar, dinamika,  peradaban Islam 
Islam and Modernisme di Indonesia: Kontribusi Pemikiran Mohammad Rasjidi (1915-2001) Mohammad Zakki Azani; Khalif Muammar A. Harris
TSAQAFAH Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Da'wah and Islamic Communication
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i1.2831

Abstract

Setelah Indonesia meraih kemerdekaan pada tahun 1945, beberapa cendekiawan di Indonesia mencoba untuk membina dan membangun kembali dalam perbagai bidang pembangunan termasuk pendidikan, ekonomi dan sosial. Dalam suasana negara yang sedang membangun dengan penduduk mayoritas Muslim terbesar di dunia, salah satu aspek yang menjadi tumpuan ialah pembaharuan pemikiran Islam di pendidikan tinggi Islam Indonesia. Pembaharuan pemikiran ini melibatkan penguraian kembali tentang unsur penting pemikiran Islam dengan cara berfikir modern Barat yang sekuler. Upaya ini dinamakan sebagai modernisasi pemikiran Islam yang mengakibatkan kekeliruan dan kesilapan pemahaman. Rasjidi menggunakan kerangka ahl al-sunnah wa al-jamā’ah dalam membahas sekularisasi sebagai program filsafat yang dijadikan sebagai asas modernisasi pemikiran Islam. Makalah ini menguraikan kontribusi penting pemikiran Mohammad Rasjidi dalam mengoreksi dan menegaskan kembali beberapa prinsip Islam berkenaan--hakikat insan, akal, akhlak dan paham negara—agar tidak bertentangan dengan Pandangan alam Islam (the Worldview of Islam).    
Dakwah Tauhid Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari (1150 H/1735 M) Maimunah Zarkasyi
TSAQAFAH Vol 15, No 1 (2019): Da'wah and Islamic Communication
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i1.2978

Abstract

AbstractIn Islam, Tawheed is the primary foundation in getting closer to Allah and thus, every Muslim must have good understanding of it.  If the act of worshipping God is not based on right Tawheed, that act will have no value to Allah. According to Sufi masters, the quality of Muslims depends on how well his comprehension of Tawheed is, without which Muslims will never be able to become closer to Allah. Muhammad Nafis al Banjari (born 1150H / 1735) preached his knowledge by teaching the concept of Tawheed in Sufism. This Muslim scholar from South Kalimantan preached by employing bi al-kitÉb, through his work known by al-Durr al-Nafis (1200 H). This qualitative study utilizing the method of library research aimed at finding out and analyzing the thoughts of Muhammad Nafis regarding the concept of Tawheed written in his work. Muhammad Nafis taught Tawheed in Sufism, more specifically to believe and know Allah well by using the eyes of the heart (qalb). By understanding the concept of Tawheed in Sufism, one can reach the level of ma'rifatullÉh, especially to truly know God. Muhammad Nafis’ concept of Tawheed was aimed to straighten people's understanding in Nusantara, more importanly in South Kalimantan, which once was wrong in having thorough understanding of Tawheed. The concept of Tawheed taught in Sufism comprises tauÍid al-afÉ'l, tauÍid al-asma 'tauÍÊd al-SifÉt and tauÍÊd al-DzÉt. The highest knowledge of Tawheed will be achieved if someone has reached ‘fanÉ fÊ Tauhid’, while the highest Tawheed itself is fanÉ fi Allah and baqÉ bi Allah, the sÉlik is called ArÊf bi AllÉh. Muhammad Nafis’ view of the essence of tawheed is similar to the thoughts of prominent Sunni scholars such as al-Junaid, al-Qusyairiy, and al-Ghazali. Within the perspective of right Tawheed, people will achieve the level of ma'rifatullÉh after having arrived at such maqÉmKeywords: tawheed, Muhammad Nafis, al-Durr al-Nafis, fana, baka '. AbstrakDalam Islam ilmu tauhid merupakan landasan utama dalam ber-taqarrub kepada Allah, oleh karena setiap muslim harus memahami ilmu tauhid secara benar. Ibadah tanpa dilandasi tauhid yang benar, tidak ada nilainya dihadapan Allah SWT. Menurut ahli tasawuf kualitas seseorang tergantung pemahaman dalam ber-tauhid, tanpa demikian seseorang tidak akan dapat taqarrub kepada Allah secara hakiki. Muhammad Nafis al Banjari (lahir 1150H/1735) mendakwahkan ilmunya dengan mengajarkan konsep tauhid dalam tasawuf. Seorang ulama Kalimantan Selatan ini berdakwah dengan cara bi al-kitÉb, melalui karyanya al-Durr al-Nafis (1200 H). Kajian yang bersifat kualitatif dengan metode library research ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa pemikiran Muhammad Nafis mengenai konsep tauhid yang ditulis dalam karyanya itu. Muhammad Nafis mengajarkan ilmu tauhid dalam tasawuf, yaitu meyakini dan mengenal Allah secara hakiki dengan menggunakan matahati (qalb). Dengan memahami konsep tauhid dalam tasawuf, seseorang akan dapat mencapai tingkatan ma’rifatullÉh yaitu mengenal Allah secara hakiki. Dakwah Muhammad Nafis mengenai konsep tauhid itu bertujuan meluruskan pemahaman masyarakat di Nusantara khususnya di Kalimantan Selatan yang salah dalam memahami tauhid secara hakiki. Konsep tauhid dalam tasawuf yang diajarkan itu meliputi, tauÍid al-afÉ’l, tauÍid al-asma’ tauÍÊd al-SifÉt dan tauÍÊd al-DzÉt. Ilmu Tauhid tertinggi akan dicapai apabila seseorang telah mencapai ‘fanÉ fÊ Tauhid’ sedangkan punca tauhid tertinggi adalah fanÉ fi Allah dan baqÉ bi Allah, si sÉlik dinamakan ArÊf bi AllÉh. Pandangan Muhammad Nafis mengenai tauhid yang hakiki ini ada kesamaan dengan pemikiran para ulama-ulama Sunni yang masyhur seperti al-Junaid, al Qusyairiy dan al-Ghazali. Apabila telah sampai kepada maqÉm itu ia mendapatkan ma’rifatullÉh, inilah pandangan tauhid yang hakiki. Kata kunci: Tauhid, Muhammad Nafis, al-Durr al-Nafis, fana, baka’.

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