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Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia

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Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

ISSN : 19079761 EISSN : 25030310 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

MOLEKUL is a peer-reviewed journal of chemistry published by the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia. Publishing frequency 2 issues per year, on May and November. This Journal encompasses all branches of chemistry and its sub-disciplines including Pharmaceutical, Biological activities of Synthetic Drugs, Environmental Chemistry, Biochemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, and Agricultural Chemistry.

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Articles 331 Documents

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DIRECT OXIDATION OF EUGENOL USING A PERMANGANATE Reinner Ishaq Lerrick
Molekul Vol 4, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Direct oxidation of eugenol has been done using potassium permanganate. This research attempts to produce benzyl carboxylic acid, an important intermediate reactant for isoflavone synthesis, directly by breaking the p bond of allillic group attached to eugenol. The oxidation procedures were adopted from Wahyuningsih and Kusumaningsih anetol oxidation reactions. There were three modifications done i.e. one polar system of the oxidation environment, variation of time of reflux and temperature. Eugenol was firstly diluted in water by converting to its salt type and then oxidized using KMnO4 at 75 oC for 4 hours. The expected acid was separated by acidifying using sulfuric acid.The result showed that direct oxidation of eugenol using modified method of Wahyuningsih gave only a vicinal diol which undergoes polymerization into product in 80% yield with 83% purity. However, variation of time of reflux of Wahyuningsih method showed the same result with Kusumaningsih method as brown oily viscous liquid. The product was only 38% purity.

GALLIC ACID: A PHENOLIC ACID AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM STEM BARK OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACTS OF SYZYGIUM LITORALE (BLUME) AMSHOFF (MYRTACEAE) Tukiran Tukiran; Fitriyatul Mahmudah; Nurul Hidayati; Kuniyoshi Shimizu
Molekul Vol 11, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

A phenolic acid had been isolated from chloroform soluble fractions of a methanol extract of stem bark of Syzygium litorale, Fam. Myrtaceae. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated and established as gallic acid through extensive spectroscopic studies (UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR) and by comparison with literature data and authentic sample. This is the first report of the isolation of compound from this plant, although it has previously been found in Myrtaceae family such as S. aromaticum, S. cumini, S. polyanthum, S. cordatum, etc. The chloroform fraction, isolated compound, and vitamin C showed very strong antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC50 value of 23.2, 7.5, and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively.

SCREENING DAN ANALISIS KADAR OMEGA-3 DARI RUMPUT LAUT PULAU LOMBOK NTB Erin Ryantin Gunawan; Dedy Suhendra
Molekul Vol 7, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis rumput laut yang mengandung omega-3 dan mengetahui kadar omega-3 dari rumput laut yang terdapat di pantai Pulau Lombok NTB. Minyak yang terdapat dalam rumput laut diekstraksi dengan metoda soxhletasi. Identifikasi dan kadar asam lemak dalam rumput laut ditentukan dengan alat GC-MS. Sembilan jenis rumput laut telah dianalisa dengan kadar air berkisar antara 42% -86,5%. Minyak hasil ekstraksi mempunyai kadar antara 0,63%-4,39%. Dari ke sembilan jenis dipilih 4 jenis rumput laut yang mempunyai kadar minyak yang paling tinggi. Dua jenis rumput laut yang biasa dikonsumsi (Eucheuma Spinosum dan Eucheuma Cottoni) dan dua jenis lagi yang tidak biasa dikonsumsi (Gracilaria salicorniadan Ulva sp). Asam-asam lemak omega-3 yang dapat teridentifikasi dari keempat jenis rumput laut adalah asam linolenat, Eikosatrienoat (ETE), eikosapentaenoat (EPA) dan (dokosaheksaenoat) DHA dalam jumlah yang bervariasi. Kadar asam lemak dalam keempat jenis rumput laut berkisar antara 26,8%-52,26% dan kandungan omega-3 antara 1,86%-5,46%.

Flavon Compound from The Ethyl Acetate Extract of The Stem of Supit (Tetracera indica Merr.) Muharni Muharni; Elfita Elfita; Riska Adillah; Heni Yohandini; Julinar Julinar
Molekul Vol 13, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Tetracera indica Merr. in Musi Banyuasin, is one of the traditional medicine used by the community for the treatment of kidney stone disease and gout, but this claim is not recorded in the treatment of kidney stones and gout in Indonesia. In this study, isolation of antioxidant compound from ethyl acetate extracts of supit (Tetracera indica) was done. The isolation was carried out through step gradient polarity extraction, and separated and purified by chromatography technique. The determination of the structure of the isolated compound was performed by spectroscopy method including UV, IR, and NMR 1D and 2D, and antoxidant activity was determined by DPPH method. An active antioxidant compound was isolated from ethyl acetate extract in form of yellow solid (15 mg). Based on spectroscopic analysis the isolated compound was 5,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone. The compound showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 8.25 μg/mL) higher than standard ascorbic acid (IC50 11.3 μg/mL). This data concluded that efficacy of supit (Tetracera indica) for the treatment related to antioxidant activity (uric acid) is proven by the identification of one antioxidant compound of this plant.

FOTOREDUKSI Cd (II) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS TiO2 DENGAN SENSITIZER KLOROFIL YANG DIAKTIVASI SINAR MATAHARI Uyi Sulaeman; Kapti Riyani; Anung Riapanitra; Dyah Indriastuti
Molekul Vol 2, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

The photoreduction of Cd (II) has been investigated using thin layer catalyst of titanium dioxide and chlorophyll as sensitizer. Thin layer catalyst could be prepared by sol gel method deposited on glass slide. The treatments of experimental are: TiO2 catalyst using chlorophyll without sunlight illumination, TiO2 catalyst using chlorophyll with sunlight illumination and TiO2 catalyst with sunlight illumination. The concentration of Cd (II) in the solution is monitored every 30 minutes until 150 minutes illuminations by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that concentration of Cd (II) decreased reached to 45,53 % in TiO2 catalyst using chlorophyll with sunlight illumination at pH 5 after 150 minutes illumination and it decreased reached to 34.07% at pH 7 after 120 minutes illumination. Addition the chlorophyll to TiO2 catalyst increased photoreduction activities.

PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT KITOSAN-ZnO/ Al2O3 Dina Kartika Maharani; Rusly Hidayah
Molekul Vol 10, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menghasilkan material komposit baru berbasis bio polimer dan material anorganik non toksik yang dapat diaplikasikan pada berbagai bidang salah satunya pada industri tekstil sebagai agen antibakteri melalui proses pelapisan atau coating pada kain. Komposit kitosan-ZnO/Al2O3 dipreparasi melalui pencampuran larutan kitosan dengan partikel ZnO dan sol Al2O3 (alumina) yang dibuat dengan metode sol-gel. Karakterisasi komposit dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) dan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposit kitosan-ZnO/Al2O3 yang dihasilkan berupa larutan yang jernih dan transparan sehingga sangat sesuai untuk proses pelapisan tekstil sebagai agen fungsional antibakteri pada tekstil. Karakterisasi FTIR komposit menunjukkan telah terjadi interaksi antara gugus fungsi pada kitosan dengan ZnO dan Al2O3 pada daerah bilangan gelombang 3500-3400 cm-1, 1600-1500 cm-1 serta 600-450 cm-1. Hal ini menandakan bahwa kitosan telah berinteraksi dengan partikel ZnO dan alumina. Hasil karakterisasi kristalinitas komposit menggunakan XRD juga menunjukkan adanya pergeseran sudut 2θ pada kitosan di 2θ 10° dan 19° yang mengindikasikan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara kitosan dengan partikel ZnO dan Al2O3.

PEMANFAATAN ARANG BATOK KELAPA DAN TANAH HUMUS BATURRADEN UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR LOGAM KROM (Cr) Anung Riapanitra; Roy Andreas
Molekul Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Waste containing hazardous and toxic chemical compounds into the environment leads to water pollution, soil and air. These chemical compounds will endanger human life and environment. One type of compound that may pollute the environment is chromium. The metal is commonly found in industrial waste such as from exhaust and industrial wastewater from etal plating company.The purpose of this research is to utilize coconut shell charcoal and soil humus as a low-cost and ready-made alternative material to reduce the concentration chromium (Cr) on wastewater. Humus was taken from Baturraden region and was isolated using NaOH extraction and was furthermore purified using mixtures of HF(aq): HCl(aq). Coconut shell charcoal was produced and was mixed with the humus. Adsorption process was carried out by batch method on variations of charcoal: humus composition, pH, and contact time. Humus soil was identified using infrared spectrophotometry (IR). Determination of chromium concentration was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).The purified humus yielded was 25.92% (w/w), with 34.18% moisture, and ash content of 18.09%. The results showed that the variation of composition ratio of 2:1 charcoal and humus produced the greatest percent reduction of 18.20%, and the optimum pH for the adsorption is 9. For the variation of contacts time, the optimum reaction time is at 180minutes with decreasing concentration of Pb up to 56.07%.

Immobilization and Characterization of Bacillus Thuringiensis HCB6 Amylase in Calcium Alginate Matrix Zusfahair Zusfahair; Dian Riana Ningsih; Dwi Kartika; Amin Fatoni; Indah Permatawati
Molekul Vol 12, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Free enzyme in solution react with substrates to result in products which cannot be recovered for reuse. TheseÂ problemsÂ canÂ beÂ overcomeÂ to a certain extent by the use of enzyme immobilization method. Immobilized enzymes are more robust and more resistant to condition changes. More importantly, the heterogeneous immobilized enzyme systems allow an easy recovery of both enzymes and products, multiple re-uses of enzymes, and continuous operation of enzymatic processes. Entrapment of enzymes in Ca-alginate is one of the simplest methods of immobilization. The aim of this research was to obtain the optimum condition of the making of immobilized amylase beads using a Ca-alginate bead and to determine its characteristics. The optimization of immobilized amylase beads includes variation of sodium alginates and variations of enzyme contact time with CaCl2. The characterization of immobilized amylase includes determination of optimum substrate concentration, optimum pH, and optimum incubation time as well as amylase stability test. Amylase activity was determined by using dinitro salicylic (DNS) method. The results showed that the optimum immobilized amylase obtained at alginate concentrations of 5% (w/v), contact time of 60 minutes and immobilization efficiency of 67.5%. Furthermore, immobilized amylase showed optimum substrate concentration of 1.5-2.5% (w/v), optimum pH of 6, an optimum incubation time of 20 minutes with the activity of 179.8 U/mL. The KM value for free amylase and immobilized amylases were 0.3 mM and 0.12 mM respectively. Vmax value for free amylase and immobilized amylases were 105.3 U/mL and 10.1 U/mL respectively. Immobilized Amylase can be used up to six times with the residual activity of 52.7%.

EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN METILEN BIRU SEBAGAI MEDIATOR ELEKTRON PADA MICROBIAL FUEL CELL DENGAN BIOKATALIS ACETOBACTER ACETI Dani Permana; Hari R. Haryadi; Herlian E. Putra; Westy Juniaty; Saadah D. Rachman; Safri Ishmayana
Molekul Vol 8, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) merupakan salah satu teknologi sel bahan bakar alternatif yang dapat diperbarui. MFC memanfaatkan proses oksidasi senyawa kimia oleh biokatalis untuk menghasilkan energi listrik daya rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kinerja MFC dengan dan tanpa mediator elektron metilen biru (MB) menggunakan biokatalis Acetobacter aceti dan substrat glukosa agar diperoleh energi listrik. Metode yang dilakukan adalah peremajaan kultur A. aceti, persiapan inokulum, persiapan reaktor MFC, persiapan media MFC dengan substrat glukosa 2% dengan dan tanpa mediator MB, pencuplikan secara periodik, penentuan kurva pertumbuhan, arus, potensial, kerapatan daya, energi, kadar glukosa dan tingkat keasaman (pH). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MFC dengan mediator menghasilkan kuat arus sebesar 0,040 mA, potensial 878 mV, kerapatan daya 0,395 mW/cm2, energi maksimum 3,685 kJ, pemanfaatan glukosa 93,02% dan pH akhir 3,33, sedangkan MFC tanpa mediator menghasilkan kuat arus 0,035 mA, potensial 773 mV, kerapatan daya 0,290 mW/cm2, energi maksimum 2,434 kJ, pemanfaatan glukosa 90,16% dan pH akhir 3,24. Perolehan kerapatan daya pada kedua jenis MFC masih tergolong kecil dan tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan mediator MB hanya berpengaruh terhadap perolehan potensial pada MFC dengan kondisi perlakuan yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini.

Protective Effect of Ethanol Extract of Celery (Apium graveolens L) on Kidney Damage in Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury Rats Model Afifah Afifah; Khusnul Muflikhah; Viva Ratih Bening Ati; Rizki Maulana Tsani; Dairotul Khasanah; Watub Maulana
Molekul Vol 14, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Ischemia/ reperfusion injury (IRI) is marked by the sudden decrease of blood supply to the kidney followed by restoration of blood flow. Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the prevention strategy for decreasing the damage due to IRI is required. Celery (Apium graveolens L) is often consumed as food. Celery has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the celery on kidney damage in the kidney ischemia/ reperfusion injury rat model. Twenty-five rats male, 2-3 months old Sprague Dawley were divided into 5 groups: Group 1 was sham operation, group 2 was ischemia/ reperfusion injury (IRI), group 3, 4, 5 were IRI and 250 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW, 1000 mg/kgBW of ethanol extract of celery respectively for 14 days before and 3 days after operation. Blood serum sample was taken 3 days after the operation for measuring urea, creatinine, superoxide dismuthase (SOD) and nitrite oxide (NO). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was utilized to examine kidney tubular injury score. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA (p<0,05). The ethanol extract of celery at dose 1000 mg/kgBW prevented the increase of urea, creatinine serum, kidney tubular injury score and prevented the decrease of SOD, NO in the kidney ischemia/ reperfusion injury rat model (p<0,05). In conclusion, the ethanol extract of celery has a protective effect on kidney damage in the ischemia/ reperfusion injury rat model.

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Abstract

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Contact Name
Amin Fatoni

Contact Email
aminfatoni@unsoed.ac.id

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Journal Mail Official
j.molekul@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Jl. Dr. Soeparno No.61 Karangwangkal, Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah 53

Location
Kab. banyumas,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA