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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
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Articles 541 Documents
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The effect of inoculum and glucose addition on polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Brevibacterium sp. B45 Diah - RATNANINGRUM; Een Sri ENDAH; Akbar Hanif Dawam ABDULLAH; Vienna SARASWATY; Puspita - LISDIYANTI; Eva - FRASNAWATY; Sri - PRIATINI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.387

Abstract

Petroleum-based plastics are the major cause of environmental pollution because the plastics need years to be degraded. The difficulties in handling waste of petroleum-based plastic have motivated researchers to produce environmentally friendly plastic materials that are biologically degradable; one of them is polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Polyhydroxyalkanoate is natural biodegradable biopolymers produced by bacteria as an intracellular carbon  and  energy storage. This polymer is an alternative source of plastics  with similar physical properties to petroleum-based plastic.It can be easily biodegraded aerobically and anaerobically. This study examined the potential of one superior isolate as PHA producers, i.e.,Brevibacterium sp. B45. Brevibacterium sp. B45 was cultivated in Ramsay’s minimal medium with inoculum concentrations were 1, 2, and 3% (v/v)and glucose concentrations were 1, 3, and 5% (w/v). The cultivation of  Brevibacterium sp. B45 was carried out in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask on a shaker incubator with 150 rpm and 30 oC for 72 hours. PHA recovery was carried out by chloroform extraction and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) methods. The highest yield of dried biomass (2.92%) was obtained using 3% inoculum and 3% glucose. The melting temperature (Tm), enthalpy (ΔHf), and crystallinity (Xc) of the PHA product were 172.1 °C, 61.04 J g-1, and 41.08%, respectively. Data of SEM show that a porous surface characterized morphological of purified PHA grains. The functional units of purified PHA grains were C=O, CH3, C-O, C-O-C, C-C, C-H, and -OH. The purified PHA grains show a similar spectrum to the standard Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). Therefore, it could be assumed that PHA produced by Brevibacterium sp. B45 was most likely PHB.
Application of bio-silicic acid to improve yield and fertilizer efficiency of paddy on tidal swamp land Donny Nugroho KALBUADI; Laksmita Prima SANTI; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Junita BARUS
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 88, No 2 (2020): Oktober,2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.378

Abstract

The soils in tidal swamp land as new development area for rice in Indonesia have a considerably low available silica (Si) because very acid condition and no Si fertilization. Therefore, increasing the productivity of rice as Si accumulator plant, in tidal swamp land requires silica fertilizer. This research presented the effect of applications of silicon in the form of orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4) enriched with selected Sisolubilizing fungi, formulated as 4-gram tableted Si fertilizer (BioSilAc) on tidal swamp land soil to improve yield and reduce chemical fertilizer dosage for rice. Field experiment was conducted in Ketapang subdistrict, South Lampung by using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of (ha-1 season-1): 100% NPK recommended dosage (P1); 100% NPK + 80 BioSilAc tablets (P2); 75% NPK + 80 BioSilAc tablets (P3); 75% NPK + 100 BioSilAc tablets (P4); 50% NPK + 120 BioSilAc tablets (P5); and control (P6). The results showed that P2 treatment increased the highest rice yield in dried harvested grain by 7.6% or equivalent to 500 kg ha-1 compared to P1 treatment. The highest fertilization efficiency can be achieved in P4 treatment which means the NPK recommended dosage can be reduced 25% by adding 100 BioSilAc tablets ha-1 season-1 indicated by insignificantly different productivity compared to that of P1. The Revenue/Cost (R/C) values showed that P2 treatment was economically feasible fertilization practices.
The role of calcium in drought stress response induced through antioxidant activity in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings Endah NURWAHYUNI; Eka Tarwaca Susila PUTRA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.425

Abstract

Oil palm productivity in Indonesia faces challenges related to drought that occur during the dry season. Calcium is an element that plays a role in determining the response of plant resistance to drought through biochemical activity. This study aims to determine the contribution of calcium in biochemical mechanisms involving various antioxidants. The treatment was arranged in factorial of 3 x 4 in a split-plot design. The first factor was calcium dosage, which consisted of 0 g (control/without calcium), 0.04 g, 0.08 g, and 0.12 g of calcium per plant. The second factor was the intensity of drought stress, referred as the Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water (FTSW) at 1 (control/field capacity), 0.35 (moderate drought), and 0.15 (severe drought) with a week duration of intensity. Calcium was applied in a ring placement on four-month-old seedlings planted in 40 x 40 cm polybags with alfisol soil planting medium and given drought treatment two months later for three weeks. The results showed that calcium could induce plant response to drought through the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the decrease in hydrogen peroxide   (H₂O₂) concentration, and the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The study concluded that calcium is an essential element used to reduce the effects of drought on oil palm seedlings through the change of biochemical activities regulated by enzymatic antioxidants.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Chlorella isolates from Indonesia using rbcL gene Fauziatul FITRIYAH; Yora FARAMITHA; Dini Astika SARI; Irma KRESNAWATY; Tri PANJI; Djoko SANTOSO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.408

Abstract

Identifying the newly isolated species is crucial to establishing a reliable algal database with successful commercial applications for different biotechnological applications. Morphological identification does not give sufficient description, especially for tiny unicellular microalgae. The rbcL gene encodes the large unit of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase /oxygenase (Rubisco) has been widely known for barcoding in plants and developed for microalgae molecular identification. In this study, we examined the local strains of green microalgae from Indonesia using the rbcL partial gene sequence to identify the strains. Green microalgae isolates originated from Yogyakarta, Serayu, Gondol, Ancol, Cilegon, and Teluk Jakarta were cultured in f/2 media and harvested for DNA extraction. The DNA extracted was proceeded to PCR using 1AB_rbcL primer pair to amplify the sequences of rbcL gene with target band located at 582 bp, followed by the sequencing of the PCR product was conducted. Molecular identification of local green microalgae isolates was successfully carried out using primers 1AB_rbcL with a genetic similarity of 99% toward identified species in the NCBI database. Among six isolates, TJ, G, S, C, and A isolates were identified as C. pyrenoidosa. Only CP isolate from Yogyakarta identified as C. sorokiniana. Nannochloropsis gaditana rbcL sequence was selected as an outgroup. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the five isolates of Chlorella belong to one clade and clearly distinguished from C. sorokiniana isolate from Yogyakarta.
Pengaruh kitosan terhadap peningkatan level ekspresi WRKY17 dan WRKY53 tanaman Capsicum annuum cv. Laba pada kondisi kekeringan Muhammad Abdul AZIZ; Rizkita Rahmi ESYANTI; Fenny Martha DWIVANNY
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 88, No 2 (2020): Oktober,2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.380

Abstract

Chitosan is known as the natural plant growth biostimulant and defense elicitor involving WRKY transcription factors in response to environmental stresses. However, either plant’s growth or defense responses against stress are different among the cultivars. In the previous study, chitosan and drought treatment combination on red chili plant cv. Lado resulted in the impeded growth performance followed by the down-regulated expression level of WRKY17. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the response of red chili plant from the different cultivar towards the combination of chitosan and drought treatments. At the onset of the generative phase, plants were subjected to the drought treatment with and without 1 mg mL-1 of chitosan application. Observation of plant growth performance was carried out by measuring plant height, the number of leaves, the conversion percentage of flowers developed to fruits, and the number of harvested fruits, while the molecular parameter was indicated by the analyses of WRKY17 and WRKY53 expression levels. In line with the previous study using cv. Lado, the combination of 1 mg mL-1 of chitosan and drought treatment significantly reduced the plant productivity observed in the number of fruits, followed by the plant height and the number of leaves. However, the expression level of WRKY17 and WRKY53 experienced 10 and 22-fold higher than controls, respectively. This is different from the previous study which showed the reduction of WRKY17 expression level. According to the study, it can be implied that the combination of chitosan and drought treatments on red chili plant cv. Laba could reduce plant growth performance, but increased genetics indicator towards plant’s defense system against stress indicated by the escalation of WRKY17 and WRKY53 expression level. Furthermore, the individual chitosan application are potential to increase the productivity of red chili plant cv. Laba. 
Physiological responses and P5CS gene expression of transgenic oil palm plantlet induced by drought stress Turhadi TURHADI; Hayati MINARSIH; Imron RIYADI; . PRIYONO; Asmini BUDIANI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 88, No 2 (2020): Oktober,2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.386

Abstract

Drought is one of the limiting factors in crop cultivation, such as in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The transgenic approaches are expected to increase plant tolerance to drought stress and minimize low productivity when drought occurs. Proline is an osmoprotectant compound in plants which its biosynthesis involved the P5CS gene. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance level of P5CS-transgenic oil palm to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000). In this present study, the transgenic and non-transgenic oil palms were treated by  0, 2, and 4% PEG-6000 under in vitro conditions. The experiment was arranged as a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The drought level score, total chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and proline content, as well as P5CS gene expression in leaf tissues were observed at 7 and 14 days after stress treatments. The result showed that transgenic plantlets had a lower drought level score than those of non-transgenic lines. A concentration of 4% PEG-6000 treatment reduced the total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents than that of 2% concentration in non-transgenic plantlets at 7 and 14 day after treatments (DAT). In addition, proline content and P5CS gene expression level in transgenic had been significantly increased during stress treatment. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the P5CS transgene increased the drought stress tolerance of oil palm.
Improvement of water and nutrient efficiencies oil palm through bio-silicic acid application Laksmita Prima SANTI; Adhy ARDIYANTO; Agung KURNIAWAN; Lilik A PRABOWO; Ian SEBASTIAN
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.409

Abstract

Crop water use efficiency is critical for high yields in conditions of limited water supplies. This study aims at determining the effect of application bio-silicic acid (BioSilAc) on water use efficiency and nutrient availability for immature (2 years after planting) and mature (5 years after planting) oil palms in sandy soil during a period of low rainfall. A field experiment was conducted on sandy soil at an oil palm plantation in Central Kalimantan. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with seven treatments and three replicates using a combination of composted empty fruit bunches of oil palm (CEFBOP) and BioSilAc applications. The treatments (tree-1 year-1) were as follows (tree-1 year-1): (T1) 100% NPK standard dosage; (T2) T1 + 1.5 kg quartz sand; (T3) 75% (T1) + 1.5 kg quartz sand; (T4) T1+ 4 tablets BioSilAc; (T5) 75% (T1) + 4 tablets BioSilAc; (T6) T1 + 50 kg CEFBOP + 2 tablets BioSilAc; and (T7) 75% (T1) + 50 kg CEFBOP + 2 tablets BioSilAc. The parameters observed were soil and leaf nutrient contents, average weight, and number of fresh fruit bunch (FFB), and daily water usage and water potential using a sap flow meter and stem psychrometer to calculate water use efficiency in T1 (control) and T5 which represents the application of BioSilAc. The results indicated that the application of 75-100% NPK + 4 tablets BioSilAc tree-1 year-1 in mature oil palm was capable of improving yield of11.9% (T5) and 12.1% (T4) and water use efficiency of 31.3% (mature) and 50.4% (immature) of the control treatment.
Propagasi in vitro tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pada bioreaktor dengan perendaman sesaat Rizka Tamania SAPTARI; Masna Maya SINTA; Imron RIYADI; . PRIYONO; . SUMARYONO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 88, No 2 (2020): Oktober,2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.394

Abstract

The cultivation of date palm in Indonesia has increased since the last decade. However, the superior date palm seedlings are still limited and most of them are imported from other countries. The mass supply of superior date palm seedlings can be provided by in vitro propagation in the bioreactor. Therefore, the research was conducted to develop a protocol of date palm in vitro propagation by using Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB). The in vitro propagation was carried out through somatic embryogenesis technique using meristematic tissues isolated from offshoots of date palm female clone cv. Zambli as explants. The explants were sterilized and then cultured to produce embryogenic calli and somatic embryos. Afterwards, somatic embryos germination and plantlets formation were conducted in TIB with treatments of immersion period: 3, 10, and 30 minutes every 6 hours, with 8 replications, The results showed that the optimal somatic embryo germination in TIB was with the immersion period of 30 min every 6 h, resulting in the most formation of shoots and fresh biomass weight increment up to nearly threefold in 6 weeks. Thereafter, plantlets formation in TIB with immersion period of 10 min and 30 min every 6 h exhibited similar performances in producing more plantlets with higher total fresh weight and better vigor than those of 3 min every 6 h. However, there were more rooted plantlets in the TIB with immersion period of 10 min every 6 h. Based on the results, an in vitro propagation protocol via somatic embryogenesis in TIB has been successfully developed for mass propagation of date palm cv. Zambli, which produced plantlets with good vigor and rooting.
Harnessing molasses as a low-cost carbon source for production of poly-hydroxy butyrate (PHB) using Burkholderia sp. B73 bacteria Diah - RATNANINGRUM; Een Sri ENDAH; Puspita LISDIYANTI; Sri PRIATNI; Vienna SARASWATY
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 2 (2021): Oktober, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i2.452

Abstract

Burkholderia sp. has been reported as a poly-hydroxy-butyrate (PHB) producer. PHB is a natural polyester class with a wide range of applications in foods, medicines, and biomedicines. However, the high production cost of PHB may limit its potential. Molasses, a by-product of the sugarcane industry available abundantly, may be used as an alternative carbon source of PHB production. In this research, we aimed to evaluate PHB production by Burkholderia sp. B73 in fermentation media using molasses as an alternative carbon source. Small-scale experiments were performed in Erlenmeyer flasks on a shaker at 150 rpm and 30 °C to evaluate the best initial C/N ratio for biomass accumulation and PHB production. A set of parameters including bacterial growth, dry cell weight, yield, and FTIR spectrum of PHB were observed.  The results showed that molasses could be used to grow Burkholderia sp. B73 and the highest PHB production was obtained when a 20:1 C/N ratio of molasses was applied in the fermentation medium. In addition, when the initial pH was adjusted to 7.0, the highest PHB yield was also produced. More importantly, the use of molasses as a carbon source improved the PHB yield by nearly 2-fold compared with our previous report using a synthetic Ramsay’s minimal medium. In conclusion, the experiment results showed that molasses could be used as a low-cost carbon source for PHB production by Burkholderia sp. B73 bacteria.
Optimization on Na and Ca bentonite activation using response surface method for increasing selectivity of stevioside in stevia extract Ayu Rahayu SARASWATI; Erliza NOOR; Titi Candra SUNARTI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 89, No 2 (2021): Oktober, 2021
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i2.459

Abstract

The demand for stevia extract consumption as an alternative sweetener that contains stevioside with zero-calorie is increasing. However, dark color and high tannin content from stevia leaf extract causes a disturbing aftertaste and reduces interest in consumption. Therefore, the purification process is a mandatory step to be done. Several studies on purification methods show the best approach by adsorption using bentonite. However, natural bentonite has limited adsorption capacity and low selectivity. An activation with acid and high temperature is expected to increase the adsorption capacity of color and its selectivity on maintaining the stevioside at the extract. This study aimed to obtain the optimum acid concentration and temperature for the activation using the Response Surface Method (RSM) experimental design and its application to the purification of stevia leaf extract. Based on the parameter of methylene blue number, the most optimum concentration of H2SO4 used for activation was 0.17 N for both natural bentonite. The heating temperature was 358°C for Na-bentonite and 481°C for Ca bentonite. The maximum adsorption capacities of activated Na and Ca-bentonite were increased from 15.65 and 38.23 mg g-1 to 197.72 and 169.52 mg g-1, respectively. The best adsorbent used for purification is Ca-activated, which increased extract clarification up to 81.37% at 655 nm and 86.64% at 410 nm compared to natural Ca bentonite. It also reduced tannin up to 97.46% and was more selective to recover 50.64% stevia content in the solution, which was higher than other previously reported studies.

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