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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 14104830 EISSN : 25021966 DOI : -

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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya (JMB) or Journal of Society and Culture is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to be an authoritative academic source on the study of society and culture. We publish original research papers, review articles, case studies, and book reviews focusing on Indonesian society, cultural phenomena, and other related topics. A manuscript describing society and culture outside Indonesia is expected to be analyzed comparatively with the issues and context in Indonesia. All papers will be reviewed rigorously at least by two referees. JMB is published three times a year, in April, August , and December.

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Articles 869 Documents

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KI BAGUS HADIKUSUMO DAN PROBLEM RELASI AGAMA-NEGARA Hisyam, Muhammad
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 13, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This article examines the debates on the relationship between religion and state in the early formation of Indonesia’s independent. The formulation of this relation was firmly stated in the Jakarta Charter, as “the state is based on a divinity, which obligates the Muslim to implement the shari’a of Islam”. Thus the Jakarta Charter provides an evidence that the implementation of shari’a has to involve the state. However, the charter was modified by Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independent (PPKI), just a day after proclamation of independent, and the relationship between religion and state became unclear. During the rule of the authoritarian New Order regime the voice demanding implementation of the shari’a was largely unheard, but it does not mean that the aspiration had died down. After the fall of Soeharto, and the rise of “Reformasi” order, political parties with affiliation to Islam took a strong stance to demand that omitted seven words in the Jakarta Charter were reinstated. Is the demand to restore of the seven words corresponds to the ideas of its formation during debates in the Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independent (BPUPKI) in which the document was formulated? To answer this question I investigated the minute of the Committee with special attention to Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, a Muslim representative which has well known as a vocal person in the Committee. The answer is, as I found a fact that the seven words formula in the Jakarta Charter was strongly rejected by Hadikusumo. Keywords: BPUPKI, Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, Jakarta Charter.

NEW ORDER REGIME’S POLICIES ON FORESTRY: RESPONSES AND CHALLENGES Haba, John
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 5, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Tulisan ini membahas dengan kebijakan pemerintahan Orde Baru di sektor kehutanan. Berbagai kebijakan kehutanan pemerintahan Soeharto sangat berkaitan dengan kebutuhan akan 2 (dua) pertimbangan utama: untuk menggantikan peraturan-peraturan yang berasal dari jaman pemerintahan Kolonial Belanda sehingga sesuai dengan kebutuhan jaman; sekaligus kebutuhan akan devisa negara dalam menunjang pembangunan nasional. Berbagai program yang diperkenalkan oleh pemerintah Soeharto antara lain berkaitan dengan Hak Pengusahaan Hutan (HPH), Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI) dan Hutan Kemasyarakatan. Selain program di sektor kehutanan tersebut, terdapat juga 3 (tiga) komponen utama/institusi yang dikutsertakan dalam kebijakan sektor kehutanan seperti Koperasi, Kelompok Pengusaha Kecil dan Menengah dan Lembaga-lembaga penelitian. Salah satu tujuan dari program-program di atas adalah meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat yang tinggal di dalam dan sekitar hutan, serta menyediakan lapangan pekerjaan bagi mereka. Bentuk keikutsertaan itu – dalam pandangan pemerintah - merupakan wujud dari strategi pengelolaan hutan berkelanjutan, di mana masyarakat lokal diikutsertakan dalam program-program sektor kehutanan. Kendatipun berbagai Undang-undang dan Peraturan-peraturan telah dibuat sejak era Soeharto (hingga era Reformasi); tetapi kualitas hidup masyarakat di dalam dan sekitar hutan belum banyak berubah. Kendala utama dalam mengimplementasikan program-program di sektor kehutanan adalah perilaku birokrat dan penentu kebijakan yang tetap menganggap masyarakat lokal sebagai pihak perusak lingkungan dan kelompok yang tidak memahami bagaimana menjaga kelestarian hutan, serta penamaan negatif lainnya yang tidak mendorong masyarakat melihat programprogram itu sebagai milik mereka. Tulisan ini selanjutnya akan menguraikan mengenai problematika, tantangan dan prospek dari kebijakan pengelolaan hutan berkelanjutan di Indonesia secara umum dan signifikansinya untuk masyarakat di dalam dan sekitar hutan.

KAITAN ETNISITAS DENGAN KONFLIK SOSIAL DAN KEKERASAN MASSA DI TIGA DAERAH DI INDONESIA Warsilah, Henny
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 3, No.1 (2000)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This article is based on the field research of social conflicts in three areas in Indonesia (Tasikmalaya-West Java, Pekalongan-Central Java and Situbondo-East Java). In general it discusses the relationship between ethnicity (culture) and social conflict. The process of islamisation in the three areas has divided society into traditional moslem and the modernist. (In these conflicts, the state used a centralistic power to solve these conflicts, and transform it in quasi integrative). The centralistic attitude of new order government are supported by dual-function of ABRI and have resulted in the increasing state of social conflict.

FORMASI DAN STRUKTUR GERAKAN SOSIAL PETANI [Studi Kasus Gerakan Reklaiming/ Penjarahan Atas Tanah PTNP XII (Persero) Kalibakar, Malang Selatan] Wahyudi, Wahyudi
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 12, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This research was conducted in Ex-Dutch Plantation Kalibakar, in the south of Malangand had objective to analyze the formation and structure of peasant movement in Kalibakar. This research resulted understanding that peasant social movements are determined by: structural conduciveness, structural strain, growth and spread generalized belief, precipitating factors, participant activation and mobilization, social control, support of network movement, decision making arena, and social structure differentiation. Keywords: peasants movement, peasants social movement formation

DARI ‘NEGARA ISLAM’ KE POLITIK DEMOKRATIS: WACANA DAN ARTIKULASI GERAKAN ISLAM DI MESIR DAN INDONESIA FROM ‘ISLAMIC STATE’ TO DEMOCRATIC POLITICS: DISCOURSES AND ARTICULATIONS OF ISLAMIST MOVEMENT IN EGYPT AND INDONESIA Umar, Ahmad Rizky Mardhatillah
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 18, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Abstract This article aims to explain discourses and articulations of Islamist movements in Egypt and Indonesia. In Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood has emerged as one of the most important political force following the regime change in 2011. They have succeeded in installing Mohammad Morsy and Freedom and Justice Party in power after winning the 2012 General Elections. In Indonesia, the Prosperous and Justice Party (PKS) has also emerged as one of strong political parties following 1998 Reformasi, even though their success was not as visible as the Muslim Brotherhood. By using post-foundationalist approach, this article attempts to provide an explanation of discourses and articulations of both movements in the political arena. Having traced the historical-political trajectory of Islamist movements in Egypt and Indonesia, this article argues that both Islamist movements have departed from a universalist conception of ‘Islam’ that aims to politically articulates Islam as a basis of the state. This article also finds that there have been different achievements of these attempts in Egypt and Indonesia, due to strategies, articulations, and negotiation with other political forces in each states. Keywords: Islamism, Egypt, Indonesia, discourses, articulations, Post-foundationalism Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan wacana dan artikulasi gerakan Islam di Mesir dan Indonesia. Di Mesir, Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun telah menjelma menjadi sebuah kekuatan politik terpenting setelah pergantian rezim pada tahun 2011. Mereka telah berhasil menempatkan Mohammad Morsy dan Partai Keadilan Pembangunan dalam kekuasaan setelah memenangi Pemilu 2012. Di Indonesia, Partai Keadilan Sejahtera juga menjelma sebagai kekuatan politik setelah Reformasi 1998, walaupun kesuksesan mereka tak sebesar Ikhwan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan post-fondasionalis, artikel ini berupaya untuk menyediakan penjelasan tentang bagaimana wacana dan artikulasi Gerakan Islam di kedua negara tersebut diproduksi setelah pergantian rezim. Dengan melacak perjalanan politik dan sejarah Gerakan Islam di Mesir dan Indonesia, artikel ini berargumen bahwa kedua Gerakan Islam di Mesir dan Indonesia berangkat dari konsepsi universalis tentang Islam yang bertujuan untuk menjadikan Islam sebagai dasar negara. Secara garis besar, artikel ini menemukan bahwa ada perbedaan hasil yang diperoleh Gerakan Islam di dua negara tersebut, yang antara lain dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan strategi, artikulasi, dan negosiasi dengan kekuatan politik lain di negara tersebut. Kata kunci: Islamisme, Mesir, Indonesia, wacana, artikulasi, Post-fondasionalisme

Optimizing the Use of Local Potential to Create Sustainable Rural Community Development Syahra, Rusydi
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 2, No.2 (1999)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Pembangunan ekonomi nasional yang terlalu mengandalkan sumberdaya dan bantuan luar negeri tanpa disertai upaya yang sungguh-sungguh untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan sumberdaya yang dimiliki sendiri telah mengalami kegagalan total begitu krisis moneter yang melanda sejak pertengahan tahun 1997 yang lalu. Strategi dan kebijakan pembangunan yang mengutamakan laju pertumbuhan yang tinggi melalui pemerian konsesi terlalu berlebihan pada usaha-usaha berskala beesar (konglomerasi) itu belakangan disadari sebagai suatu kekeliruan, karena telah menganaktirikan usaha-usaha kecil berbasis pertanian yang ternyata mampu bertahap menghadapi krisis. Pergesran penekanan strategi pembangunan dari produksi untuk pertumbuhan yang tinggi (production-centered development) kea rah people centered development atau yang popular dengan sebutan “ekonomi kerakyatan”, yangdianggap sebagai sebuah langkah penting untuk mengoreksi kekliruan tersebut, tidaklah dengan sendirinya akan dapat berhasil. Keterbatasan kemampuan wirausaha dan kebiasaan yang sudah mengakar dalam masyarakat yang menganggap setiap bantuan sebagai hadiah merupakan dua faktor utama yang potensial dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kegagalan. Tulisan ini yang didahului dengan pembahasan tentang pentingnya penggunaan pendekatan pengembangan komunitas atau community development, diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi upaya untuk mengatasi terulangnya kegagalan serupa. Didasarkan pada kaji tindak dengan intervensi terbatas di sebuah desa di Kabupaten Lebak, Jawa Barat, tulisan ini menyarankan perlunya ditumbuhkan melalui pendekatan dari bawah (bottom-up approach) suatu bentuk kelembagaan pada tingkat desa yang berfungsi dan bertanggungjawab mengelola setiap dana bantuan dari manapun sumbernya yang dimaksudkan untuk pengembangan usaha ekonomi rakyat. Untuk menegaskan statusnya sebagai milik bersama dan fungsinya guna melayani kepentingan seluruh warga, dalam akte pendiriannya, lembaga semacam itu, apakah berbentuk yayasan, koperasi, lembaga pengkreditan (credit union) perlu mencantumkan pembangunan komunitas desa secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan sebagai tujuan pokoknya.

KEBUDAYAAN, KEKERABATAN DAN PERANTAUAN: Catatan Atas Tesis Yang Deterministik Rajab, Budi
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 6, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

In general, research on the migration process of the Minangkabau people evolve around two theses. First, the migration is caused by matrilineal kinship system in which the status and position of male is inferior to that of female. Second, Minangkabau community has a cultural mission that idealizes a desire for male to migrate in order to seek wealth and to gain new knowledge that their homeland cannot provide. However, both theses have profound weaknesses. On the first thesis, if it is true that matrilineal kinship system has driven male to migrate, then in an ethnic group with patrilineal kinship system the contrary should have taken place. But that is not the case. In both kinship systems the majority of migrating people are men. On the second thesis, ia a community that has no cultural mission about the purpose of migration, in fact, people still tend to migrate. A study conducted by the writer concluded that both matrilineal kinship system and cultural mission only play as intervening variables which have increased the size of the migration. The main determinant remains rural-urban imabalances in economic development that have attracted people to move to cities.

PEMBIAYAAN USAHA PERIKANAN TANGKAP DAN MOBILITAS SOSIAL NELAYAN Masyhuri, Masyhuri
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 16, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This article aims to address the importance of non-formal financial institution role toward the social mobility of fisherman as well as the development of Indonesian small scale fishing sector. This institution can be an individual entrepreneur or financial agent, which provides credit or other stimulus. From qualitative approach, the social mobility of fisherman and the development of fishing is a consequence of economic relations complexity. However, the role of non-formal financial institution is a dominant factor. This institution is important and always needed as far as the formal financial institutions have not been able to provide opportunity for all fishermen to access the capital. The compatibility of formal finance system and socio- economic characteristics of fishermen is an important factor to encourage the increase of formal finance system role in fishery. Keywords: fishery, fisherman’s income, invesment, social mobility

PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM DI MATA MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI: Analitis Kritis atas Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang Sumber Daya Alam Mulyani, Lilis
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 10, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

The natural resources management in Indonesia has been overburdened with problems, starting from legislation problems to the impacts of their exploitations to the people and environment. The absence of uniformed national paradigm due to overlapping and multi-interpretation legislation have worsened the problems. The establishment of the Indonesian Constitutional Court in 2004 has brought a new hope to unfold the mess. However, as this writing reveals, the “interpretation” of the Constitutional Court on different types of management of natural resources has caused the policy on natural resource management even more complicated. The “stream” that the Constitutional Court follows seems to be no different than the political economy pragmatism, which was also followed by the current government.

MASALAH-MASALAH SOSIAL BUDAYA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA Tumanggor, Rusmin
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 12, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Health is one of basic needs of human being. The health program effort are including constructive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and preservative. Objects of program ranging from individuals, households, families, communities, nations to the world community. Region spatially, starting from the village, subdistrict, district, provincial, national, and international. Institutions ranging from neighborhood health center services, public health offices, health centers, and government-run hospitals and the community. Health implementation efforts have strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. The multidimentional components contribute to health status of society. Socio-cultural factors could also be considered as one of determinant factors of health status. Keywords: health, health seeking effort, socio-cultural.

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