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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 14104830 EISSN : 25021966 DOI : -

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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya (JMB) or Journal of Society and Culture is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to be an authoritative academic source on the study of society and culture. We publish original research papers, review articles, case studies, and book reviews focusing on Indonesian society, cultural phenomena, and other related topics. A manuscript describing society and culture outside Indonesia is expected to be analyzed comparatively with the issues and context in Indonesia. All papers will be reviewed rigorously at least by two referees. JMB is published three times a year, in April, August , and December.

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Articles 869 Documents

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Retorika Pemerintah dan Respon Masyarakat Studi Kasus di Indonesia dan Filipina Haba, John
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 1, No.1 (1997)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Greg Acciaioli-Jenifer Nourse (eds). Official Rhetoric-Popular Response Dialogue and Resistance in Indonesia and Philippines, Adalaide: Social Analysis-Journal of Cultural and Social Pracites No.35, April 1994. 164 Halaman

ANALISIS HUKUM PADA KEBIJAKAN PEMBEBASAN TANAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN UMUM DI INDONESIA Suartina, Tine
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 10, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Land acquisition for public purpose in Indonesia is a crucial matter since it relates with people’s land ownership and livelihood. In Indonesia, the problems are divided in two: laws and regulations; and its practice or implementation. Through legal analysis and interpretation method, this article will focus on observing weaknesses in the law and regulations concerning land acquisition for public purpose in Indonesia – aside from the practical observation-, whereas laws and regulations are important tools in the policy implementation but are potential to be used for any intention different with public interest. The setting of land acquisition for public purpose policy in Indonesia, including in the laws and regulations, contains many problems and weaknesses, such as unstable definition of ‘public interest’ as the reason of land acquisition and expropriation; possibility for private sector involvement – which is actually forbidden based on the concept taken from Constitution Article 33 (1) and State Controlling Rights-; influence and intervention from international and donor institutions in transplanting their policies which sometimes not always in the line with domestic policy. However, without neglecting the review on its weaknesses, positive aspects can be found in the compensation arrangement which has some benefits for land owners. Legal analysis on laws and regulations related is carried out to explain those weaknesses and positive aspects. Particularly, the controversial Presidential Regulation 36/2005 stipulation case is an important example in understanding land acquisition for public purpose policy problems in Indonesia.

EKSPLORASI ATAS PRAKTIK DAN NILAI-NILAI DEMOKRASI DALAM KERAJAAN WAJO’ ABAD KE-15/16 DAN KOMPATIBILITASNYA DENGAN SISTEM DEMOKRASI MODERN Halim, Wahyuddin
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 18, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This paper explores the practice of democratic values in political system of the traditional Bugis state or kingdom of Wajo’ in South Sulawesi during its golden era around the end of the 15th and the early 16th century. Long before similar values were established in the 18th century Europe, in Wajo’ they had been part of the state system, developing Wajo’ as unique kingdom among other Bugis-Makassar kingdoms in the southern Sulawesi. Some scholars have claimed Wajo’ as ‘democratic-aristocratic kingdom’ (Pelras, 2006), ‘aristocratic republic’ (Mattulada, 1991a), and ‘democratic kingdom’ (Abidin, 1983). Based on literature review on the traditional manuscripts (B. Lontara’), as have been transliterated and explained by some scholars of Bugis history and culture, I describe some democratic practices in Wajo’ political and moral system (pangngadereng), such as the state’s acknowledgment and respect to its people’s right for freedom, the freedom of speech, the existence of a board of the highest lords which is similar to people’s representative body in the modern political system, the king election, and the people’s equal right before the law. Keywords: Democracy, local wisdom, political system, Wajo’ kingdom, freedom Tulisan ini menggali praktik nilai-nilai demokrasi dalam sistem politik dari kerajaan Bugis tradisional Wajo’ di Sulawesi Selatan selama era kejayaannya pada sekitar akhir abad ke-15 dan awal abad ke-16. Lama sebelum nilai-nilai yang kurang lebih sama dipraktikkan di Eropa pada abad ke-18, nilai-nilai tersebut telah menjadi sistem kerajaan di Wajo’, dan membuatnya menjadi kerajaan yang cukup unik di antara kerajaan-kerajaan Bugis-Makassar lainnya di bagian selatan Pulau Sulawesi. Beberapa sarjana telah menyebut Wajo’ sebagai ‘kerajaan aristokratik demokratis’ (Pelras, 2006), ‘republik aristokratis’ (Mattulada, 1991a) dan ‘kerajaan demokratis’ (Abidin, 1983). Berdasarkan atas pembacaan cermat atas sejumlah manuskrip tradisional (Bugis: Lontara’), sebagaimana ditransliterasi dan diulas oleh beberapa pakar sejarah dan budaya Bugis, penulis mendeskripsikan beberapa praktik dasar demokrasi dalam sistem politik dan moral (pangngadereng) seperti pengakuan dan penghormatan kerajaan atas hak-hak kebebasan rakyatnya, adanya kebebasan berbicara, adanya dewan pertuanan tertinggi yang agak menyerupai dewan perwakilan rakyat di sistem demokrasi politik modern, sistem pemilihan raja dan kesamaan hak semua orang di hadapan hukum. Kata kunci: Demokrasi, Kearifan Lokal, Sistem Politik, Kerajaan Wajo’, Kebebasan

THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN INDONESIA Lathifah, Ade; Noveria, Mita
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 16, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Human trafficking is commonly associated with women due to the fact that the majority of the victims are women. In reality, both men and women have been the victims of human trafficking through various exploitative and abusive treatments. This paper aims to describe human trafficking activities across the border areas in Indonesia based on the gender perspective. Several aspects of human trafficking are discussed, such as the pattern, the process and the impact of trafficking activities on the victim's life. Data and information for this article come from the reviews of several studies and scientific papers related to the human trafficking, particularly in Indonesia. This study shows that the males and females trafficked victims have different experience of abuse in a range of sectors, and therefore required different kind of support and protection. This paper aims to contribute in finding the solutions for the improvement of the existing human trafficking intervention. Keywords: human trafficking, gender perspective, Indonesia

MAKNA BUDAYA TRADISIONAL BELU BAGI MULTIKULTURALISME: TINJAUAN FILSAFAT Retnowati, Endang
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 19, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Masyarakat Belu merupakan salah satu suku bangsa di Indonesia yang masih melestarikan kebudayaan tradisional mereka. Walaupun sudah ada peraturan daerah untuk meneguhkan pelestarian budaya tradisional di wilayah Belu, tetapi saat ini kebudayaan tradisional Belu dihadapkan pada tantangan budaya global. Apabila masyarakat Belu masih mempraktikkan budaya tradisional di tengah perkembangan budaya global, apa makna budaya tradisional Belu di tengah budaya global bagi multikulturalisme? Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pemahaman mengenai makna budaya tradisional Belu bagi multikulturalisme di Indonesia dari perspektif filsafat. Budaya tradisional Belu merupakan warisan nenek moyang beberapa suku bangsa yang hidup di Belu dan luar Belu seperti Timor Leste, Kalimantan, dan pulau-pulau lain di Indonesia. Hingga kini mereka memiliki kebebasan untuk memelihara dan mengembangkan nilai-nilai di dalamnya di atas dasar hukum. Sejak Indonesia merdeka para pendahulu kita melindungi budaya tradisional melalui konstitusi, kemudian negara turut melindungi melalui beberapa peraturan, yaitu melalui Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri hingga bentuk Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Belu.Budaya tradisional Belu merupakan salah satu budaya yang memiliki andil bagi predikat multikulturalisme di Indonesia.Pada perkembangannya kini sebenarnya tantangan terhadap budaya tradisional datang dari budaya global yang membangun nilai hedonis-konsumeris pada generasi muda. Budaya global banyak menawarkan kemudahan-kemudahan. Dengan demikian apa makna budaya tradisional Belu di tengah budaya global bagi multikulturalisme? Artikel ini disusun berdasarkan data pustaka dan lapangan. Data kemudian ditata, dideskripsikan, dipahami, dan direfleksikan sesuai dengan kerangka pemikiran.Atas dasar itu semua ditemukan bahwa makna budaya tradisional Belu adalah sebagai jalan merawat multikulturalisme di tengah kehidupan global. Nilai-nilai di dalamnya mampu memelihara persatuan dan kesatuan di antara mereka.Pelestarian budaya tradisional, dalam hal ini pelestarian nilai-nilai tradisional yang memiliki kekuatan sebagai alat integrasi bangsa sama artinya dengan merawat multikulturalisme di tengah kehidupan global. Di sini peran setiap anggota masyarakat sebagai homo religiosus sangat penting. Karena itu pendidikan tentang budaya tradisional atau multikulturalisme perlu diberikan kepada generasi muda. The purpose of this study is to express an understanding of meaning of Belu's traditional cultural for multiculturalism in Indonesia from a philosophical perspective. Belu traditional culture is the heritage of some ancestors who live in Belu and outside Belu such as Timor Leste, Kalimantan, and other islands in Indonesia. Until now they have the freedom to maintain and develop their values on the basis of the law. Since Indonesia's independence our Bapak Pendiri protect the traditional culture through the Constitution, then the state protects through several regulations, namely the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation to form the Regional Regulation of Belu Regency. The traditional culture of Belu is one of the cultures that has contributed to the predicate of multiculturalism in Indonesia. In its development is now actually a challenge to traditional culture comes from global culture that is able to build a hedonic-consumtive values in the younger generation. Global culture offers many conveniences. What is the meaning of Belu's traditional culture in the middle of a global culture for multiculturalism? This article is based on library and field data. The data is then organized, described, understood, reflected in accordance with the frame of thought. On the basis of it all found that the meaning of Belu traditional culture is a way of caring for multiculturalism in the midst of global life. Values in it are able to maintain unity and unity among them. Preservation of traditional culture, in this case the preservation of traditional values that have the power as a tool of national integration is tantamount to caring for multiculturalism in the middle of global life.Here the role of each member of society as homo religiosus is very important. Therefore, education on traditional culture or multiculturalism should be given to the younger generation.

BERAKHIRNYA FRONTIR PERTANIAN: KAJIAN HISTORIS WILAYAH BESUKI, 1870-1970 Nawiyanto, Nawiyanto
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 14, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This article discusses the agricultural sector of Besuki from an environmental history perspective. The theoretical framework upon which the analysis is built is taken from frontier theories as developed by Turner in the context of American historical experience and Butcher in the context of Southeast Asia. Drawing upon primary and secondary historical source materials, the article argues that the development of the agricultural frontier of Besuki resulted from a combination factors of demography, echnology and overseas market as the driving forces. The inflows of migrant made it possible to exploit the widely available and uncultivated lands for developing commercial crops induced demands from the international markets, and facilitated by the improved technology. The agricultural sector of Besuki translated human agency as an environmental change mover. Human-made landscape grew rapidly and a variety of crops developed from 1870. However, in the 1950s the agricultural frontier of Besuki was closed, as indicated by the decreasing percapita land ownership, the escalating conflicts over lands, and the outgoing migration. This development was also inseparable from the growing environmental consciousness demanding the stoppage of the uncontrolled forest conversion which was also environmentally dangerous for running agricultural activities.

KOMUNITAS ARAB: KONTINUITAS DAN PERUBAHANNYA DI KOTA SURABAYA 1900–1942 Rabani, La Ode; Artono, Artono
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 7, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This article was aimed to explanation of the continuity and change Arab communities in Surabaya cities 1900 – 1942. The development included the community life since the migration to Surabaya, social, politic, economic, and other following effects. This study found mort Arabs who came to Surabaya were from Hadramaut, the infertile highland. When the Suez Canal was opened In 1869, the Arabs migrated to Netherlands East Indies, especially to Surabaya. The Arabs migration came from Al Makalla (Asy Syihr) path to Bombay, Ceylon, Singapore, and Aceh. From Aceh and Singapore, the Arab went to different areas in Indonesia like Batavia, Cirebon, Tegal, Pekalongan, and Surabaya. The local people respected the Arabs, because of their efforts in spreading Islam, especially wali and kiai. That position gave benefits for Arabs because they were accepted in society easily, eventhough some of then were renters. This profession was absolutely forbidden and prohibited in Islam. In this context, it could be seen that religion was not always in accordance with economy activities indeed, religion was the media for economy activities. Key Word: migration, society, network, and change

STRATEGI PENAMBANG MINYAK TRADISIONAL DI TENGAH MELUASNYA KONTROL NEGARA DALAM KONTEKS PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM DI INDONESIA belvage, rio heykhal
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 18, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Tambang minyak adalah salah satu sektor industri ekstraktif bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Di Desa Sewu Jati yang terletak di perbatasan Jawa Timur dan Jawa Tengah, terdapat tambang minyak bekas perusahaan Belanda. Sejak perusahaan tersebut melakukan kapitalisasi terhadap sumber minyak di Sewu Jati, yang kemudian dilanjutkan oleh rezim elit desa dan koperasi, masyarakat terus mengalami peminggiran. Berkaitan dengan meluasnya kontrol negara terhadap sumber daya alam yang berdampak pada merosotnya akses masyarakat terhadap usaha penambangan di daerahnya, tulisan ini menggambarkan strategi masyarakat penambang dalam menjaga kelangsungan usahanya. Oil mine is one of the extractive industries with higheconomic value. In Sewu Jati Village located on the border of East Java and Central Java, there is an oil mine well formerly owned by a Netherlands’ company. Since the company began to capitalize the oil resources in Sewu Jati, followed by local village elite regime and cooperative business, local mining community is marginalized continuously. Widespread state control over natural resources undeniably has impactson the mining community’s access of production in Sewu Jati.This paper draws the strategy of local mining community in maintaining their business.

PINGGAWA-SAWI NELAYAN BUGIS-MAKASSAR DALAM ANALISIS RELASI INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL Lampe, Munsi
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 17, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This article aims to analyse the internal and external relations of Pinggawa-Sawi of Bugis-Makassar fishermen in South Sulawesi which has been persisted since hundred years ago.The shortcoming of ethnography study focusses on connection or coexistence between this traditional socio-economic organization of Bugis-Makassar fishermen and sea fishery modernization (with capitalism spirit) and global market makes the phenomena to be interesting to analyse/explain in the internal and external contexts.The study utilizes the data of Pinggawa-Sawi from the three Bugis-Makassar fishermen villages in South Sulawesi as material namely Sumpang Binangae (Barru), Lappa (Sinjai), and Tamalate (Takalar) which have long time ago respectively developed large scale type of light fishing (bagang rambo), long line tuna fishing (pancing tongkol), and purse seine (Gae). By applying the relational analysis found the four primary relational knots of Pinggawa-Sawi assure its survival in the wider communities and its mutual connection with sea fishery modernization, capitalism, and global market currents. By functioning the primary relational knots, the Pinggawa-Sawi has grown and rooted in the communities and coexisted with continually world economy development. Keywords: the survival of Pinggawa-Sawi, relational analysis, relational coreknots

TATA KOTA TRADISIONAL JAWA SEBAGAI PENUNJANG PARIWISATA DI KOTAGEDE YOGYAKARTA (Tinjauan Estetis) Suratno, Suratno
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 5, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

The aim of this research is to explore and examine the contribution of aesthetic dimension of Javanese traditional City plan in supporting tourism industry in Kotagede Yogyakarta. This is a combined research, which relies on both relevant library materials as well as field findings such as observation and interviews. Further, descriptive and interpretative analyses are employed. The findings of research indicates that Kotagede Yogyakarta still retains some elements of Javanese traditional city plan such as traditional market, town square, mosque complex equipped with graveyard, remnants of Javanese court, and housing compound. Those Kotagede's buildings were built with specifically Javanese positioning. The streets connecting the buildings cut the block in four-sided shapes. There are many aesthetic aspects of the Kotagede city plan that is potential for tourism industry. Among those aspects are the Kotagede's pristine and clean environment and the uniqueness of its old and traditional buildings. To add its esthetic aspects, Kotagede is widely well known as traditional Javanese city with all its elements, and as a center of silver crafting.

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