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INDONESIA
Al-Qalam
Published by Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia
ISSN : 08541221     EISSN : 2540895X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Religion,
Religion
Al-Qalam Jurnal Penelitian Agama dan Sosial Budaya adalah jurnal ilmiah yang diterbitkan 2 edisi dalam setahun oleh Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar. Terbit sejak tahun 1990. Fokus Kajian Jurnal berkaitan dengan penelitian Agama dan Sosial Budaya. Lingkup Jurnal meliputi Bimbingan Masyarakat Agama dan Layanan Keagamaan, Pendidikan Agama dan Keagamaan, Naskah keagamaan Kontemporer, Sejarah sosial keagamaan, Arkeologi religi, Seni dan Budaya Keagamaan Nusantara.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 686 Documents
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MUBAHALAH AND SUMPAH POCONG IN INDONESIA: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF MUHAMMADIYAH’S RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE WITHIN NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH’S FRAMEWORK Muhammad Muhajir Seninoto; Teuku Alfin Aulia
Al-Qalam Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31969/alq.v32i1.1750

Abstract

This study examines Muhammadiyah’s discourse on the practices of mubahalah and sumpah pocong in Indonesia using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) theory. Unlike previous studies that separately discussed mubahalah in the context of digital politics and sumpah pocong within local ethnographic settings, this research bridges both practices and positions Muhammadiyah as the primary subject of analysis. Based on primary data obtained from Muhammadiyah’s official websites (Muhammadiyah.or.id and SuaraMuhammadiyah.or.id), the analysis focuses on three dimensions: the textual dimension (diction, sentence structure, and authoritative references), the discursive practice dimension (the production, dissemination, and consumption of discourse), and the social practice dimension (ideology, power relations, and social implications). The findings indicate that Muhammadiyah constructs mubahalah as a sacred practice limited to doctrinal disputes with non-Muslims and used only as a last resort, while sumpah pocong is completely delegitimized as an act of bid‘ah and khurafat because its procedure, which involves shrouding, is considered to undermine faith and lead to shirk. Underlying this discourse are three identified ideologies: textualism, puritanism, and modernism. The power relation between Muhammadiyah and the community is hierarchical through hegemonic mechanisms; however, the community responds through acceptance, negotiation, or resistance. This study contributes theoretically by enriching the study of the Qur’an, Hadith, Islamic law, and local traditions through the application of CDA. Methodologically, this study offers an integrative model combining adaptation theory, local customs, and CDA. Practically, this study provides recommendations for religious organizations in responding to local traditions in a dialogical and contextual manner.
EXPLORING THE HISTORY OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION AS A PILLAR OF PEACE EDUCATION IN MINAHASA Meily Meiny Wagiu; David Rade Manat Simanjuntak; Ryanto Adilang; Andries Kango; Englin R. Manua
Al-Qalam Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31969/alq.v32i1.1753

Abstract

This research aims to explore the historical development of religious moderation within the cultural context of Minahasa and to analyze its relevance as a foundation for peace education in the contemporary era. Although studies on religious moderation in Indonesia has significantly increased, most studies remain macro-oriented and lack in-depth integration between local cultural values and contextual educational strategies. This gap highlights the need for a more grounded and culturally embedded analysis. This research employs a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review, supported by thematic analysis and historical interpretation, to examine the evolution and transformation of moderation values in Minahasa society. The findings reveal that religious moderation in Minahasa is not a fixed cultural trait, but a socially constructed and continuously negotiated process shaped by local wisdom such as Mapalus (mutual cooperation), customary deliberation, and the Toar Lumimuut narrative, which embodies equality and social solidarity. However, these values are increasingly challenged by digital radicalization, misinformation, and the weakening of intergenerational transmission. This research argues that integrating religious moderation into peace education requires adaptive, critical, and context-sensitive strategies, particularly through digital engagement and culturally grounded curricula. The research contributes to the existing literature by offering a contextualized conceptual framework that positions local wisdom as a dynamic resource for strengthening peace education and sustaining social harmony in a rapidly changing society.
LOCAL ECOLOGICAL RITUALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: CULTIVATING ECOLOGICAL ETHOS AND ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS IN INDONESIA Aji Baskoro
Al-Qalam Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31969/alq.v32i1.1754

Abstract

The increasing complexity of the global environmental crisis necessitates more contextual, culturally grounded, and transformative approaches to environmental education. Conventional models of environmental education often rely on technocratic and universalized frameworks that insufficiently engage with local cultural values and indigenous ecological knowledge systems. This study examines the potential of local ecological rituals in Indonesia, including Nyepi in Bali, Selamatan Laut in the northern coastal region of Java, and Syukuran Panen in agrarian communities, as culturally embedded pedagogical instruments for cultivating ecological ethos and strengthening environmental rights. Employing a qualitative conceptual approach, this research integrates socio-legal analysis, cultural studies, ecopedagogy, legal pluralism, and environmental justice theory to examine the intersection between indigenous ecological rituals, environmental education, and the right to a healthy environment. The study primarily relies on literature review, content analysis, and comparative conceptual mapping, supplemented by limited field observations conducted in coastal communities in Brebes, Northern Java, in 2024. The findings demonstrate that local ecological rituals embody conservation ethics, collective environmental responsibility, reciprocity between humans and nature, and socio-cultural mechanisms for transmitting ecological values across generations. Furthermore, the study argues that integrating ritual-based ecological knowledge into environmental education can strengthen environmental legal consciousness, support culturally responsive sustainability education, and contribute to the recognition of customary ecological practices within Indonesia’s pluralistic environmental governance framework. This study concludes that interdisciplinary collaboration among the fields of law, education, culture, and environmental governance is essential for developing inclusive and culturally rooted environmental policies capable of advancing ecological sustainability and environmental justice.
ART IN THE RUMAGHES UMBANUA OF LAIKIT VILLAGE: NEGOTIATING CHRIST TRANSFORMING CULTURE AND COLLABORATIVE PLURALISM Jekson Berdame; Alrik Lapian; Febri Kurnia Manoppo; Tri Oktavia Hartati Silaban
Al-Qalam Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31969/alq.v32i1.1755

Abstract

This study examines the cultural transformation of Rumaghes Umbanua in Laikit Village, North Minahasa,as a contemporary reconfiguration of the traditional Dumia Umbanua ritual into a public celebration ofgratitude shaped by interreligious participation and artistic performance. While previous studies haveexplored Minahasan thanksgiving traditions from pastoral, culinary, and ritual perspectives, limitedattention has been given to the role of art as a theological and social medium in pluralistic contexts. Thisresearch addresses that gap by analyzing how artistic expressions function as agents of contextual theologyand collaborative pluralism. Using a qualitative descriptive–interpretive approach, data were collectedthrough participatory observation, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, religious leaders, artists,and community members, as well as document analysis of cultural and historical archives. The findingsindicate that artistic practices including Kabasaran dance, bamboo and kolintang music, interfaith choirperformances, and traditional attire serve not merely as aesthetic components but as performative spacesin which theological meanings, cultural identities, and interreligious relations are actively negotiated.Through the lens of Richard Niebuhr’s Christ Transforming Culture, the study suggests that RumaghesUmbanua represents a dynamic model of contextual theology in which Christian values transform culturalsymbols without entirely erasing their historical significance. At the same time, the findings highlight theambivalent nature of collaborative pluralism, in which inclusion is shaped by implicit power relations andnegotiated boundaries of representation. This study contributes to the discourse on contextual theology bypositioning art as an active theological mediator and a public instrument for social cohesion, identity reconstruction, and intercultural dialogue in multireligious societies
FAMILY RESILIENCE AND ROLE NEGOTIATION AMONG KAILI WOMEN IN CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA Jusmiati Jusmiati; Suraya Attamimi; Muhammad Zakir Husain; Darlis Darlis
Al-Qalam Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31969/alq.v32i1.1756

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of family resilience and role negotiation among Kaili women in CentralSulawesi, Indonesia, within socio-cultural, economic, and ecological contexts. Using a qualitativeinterpretive approach grounded in family resilience theory and gender analysis, data were collectedthrough in-depth interviews and observations involving six Kaili women from Palu City and DonggalaRegency. The findings reveal that Kaili women play a central role in sustaining family resilience throughthree primary mechanisms: emotional regulation, their role as guardians of family cohesion, and theinternalization of cultural values that underpin family resilience. Emotional regulation enables women tomanage conflict constructively and maintain family stability, while flexible role negotiation facilitates theequitable distribution of responsibilities between husbands and wives. Furthermore, family resilience isstrengthened by local cultural concepts such as bulonggo and taiganja, which position women as centralfigures in the maintenance, continuity, and well-being of family life. The study finds that resilience amongKaili families is not merely an individual psychological capacity but a relational and culturally embeddedprocess shaped by collective values, kinship relations, and indigenous belief systems. By integratinginsights from family psychology, gender studies, and local wisdom, this study contributes to acontextualized understanding of resilience that challenges individualistic paradigms and highlights itscollective, gendered, and culturally grounded dimensions.
BETWEEN MANUSCRIPT AND PRACTICE: LONTARA KUTIKA AND THE LOCALIZATION OF ISLAMIC LAW IN NORTH LUWU Fitriyani Fitriyani; Muh.Syaiful Fitra; Wafaa' Yusof
Al-Qalam Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31969/alq.v32i1.1757

Abstract

This study examines the existence, transmission, and use of the Lontara Kutika manuscript inTandung Village by addressing three main research questions: (1) What is the historical backgroundand transmission network of the Kutika manuscript in Tandung Village? (2) What are the forms,structures, and textual variations of the manuscript? and (3) How is Kutika understood from theperspective of Islamic law? This research employs a qualitative method using philological andanthropological approaches through manuscript analysis, observation, and in-depth interviews. Thefindings reveal four principal manuscripts owned by H. Nandu, H. Tanjeng, H. Tabe, and Sukardi,all of which originate from a Bugis–Jambi transmission network dating back to the fifteenth century.Among these manuscripts, H. Tanjeng’s version functions as the primary source of textualreproduction, while Sukardi’s manuscript demonstrates elements of modern reinterpretation.Structurally, the Kutika presents a system of temporal calculation and prediction, including pakittaesso, hari nahas, separiyama, and ompona uleng, reflecting the acculturation of local traditions withHindu-Buddhist and Islamic influences. In contemporary practice, the use of Kutika in TandungVillage has gradually become confined to the family sphere, particularly in agrarian activities andsocial rituals. From the perspective of Islamic law, Kutika may be interpreted ambivalently: it canbe accepted as ‘urf when functioning as empirical and experience-based knowledge yet becomesproblematic when it contains determinative forms of divination approaching tathayyur and khurāfāt.This study highlights the importance of normative reinterpretation to ensure that local wisdomremains relevant without contradicting the principles of tawḥīd.  
FROM INDIVIDUAL RITUAL TO COLLECTIVE EMPOWERMENT: COMMUNITY-BASED ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH LOCAL RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS IN TASIKMALAYA, INDONESIA Deden Sumpena; Muhamad Hilmi Pauzian; Mohammad Dindin Hamam Sidik
Al-Qalam Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31969/alq.v32i1.1761

Abstract

Contemporary Islamic community development discourse has largely emphasized top-down financialinstruments such as zakat, waqf, and Islamic microfinance, while giving limited attention to endogenouscultural mechanisms. Although Indonesian scholarship has documented the coexistence of Islam andlocal tradition, these traditions have rarely been theorized as replicable models of communitydevelopment. This study examines the Sa-uyunan Muharam tradition in Sukakerta Village, Tasikmalaya,Indonesia, focusing on how a locally initiated ritual transformation generates social capital, facilitatesnon-formal Islamic education, and preserves Sundanese cultural heritage as a model of communitybasedIslamicdevelopment.Thisstudyemployedaqualitativeethnographicdesign.Datawerecollected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews with fifteen purposively selectedinformants, and document analysis during Muharam 1447 H. Thematic analysis was conducted usingSiddiqui’s Islamic social development theory, Putnam’s social capital framework, and Woodward’sconcept of Living Islam. The findings show that the tradition’s six-stage ritual sequence simultaneouslygenerates bonding, bridging, and linking social capital across familial, communal, and intergenerationaldimensions. Universal Islamic values such as ukhuwah, ta‘awun, takaful, and tazkiah are expressedthrough Sundanese cultural idioms without theological dilution, reflecting functional acculturation. Thetradition also functions as experiential non-formal Islamic education. This study proposes a four-elementmodel of tradition-based Islamic community empowerment: deliberative multi-institutional initiation,progressive ritual sequencing, intergenerational integration, and balanced theological-culturallegitimacy. The study contributes to Islamic community development theory by demonstrating that asingle ritual tradition can simultaneously operationalize all three dimensions of social capital.
FREEDOM AS CAPABILITY: AMARTYA SEN’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE DISCOURSE ON FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND BELIEF FOR INDIGENOUS RELIGIONS Syamsul Asri
Al-Qalam Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31969/alq.v32i1.1775

Abstract

This article explores the possible conceptual contribution of Amartya Sen’s book “Identity andViolence” (2007) to the discourse on the relationship between individual freedom and Freedom ofReligion or Belief (FoRB). Sen is widely recognized as a pioneer of human-centered and interdisciplinarydevelopment economics that emphasizes freedom as a fundamental prerequisite for development.Although he does not specifically discuss FoRB, Sen has extensively engaged with broader human rightsdiscourse. He critically examines the relationship between freedom, capability, and agency on the onehand, and justice, identity, and social choice on the other. The richness and flexibility of Sen’s frameworkenable human rights in general, and FoRB in particular, to be understood as a process of empowermentthrough capability building. Such an approach allows individuals to develop meaningful choices withintheir immediate social environments, where justice functions both as a prerequisite for and an objectiveof human-centered development. To demonstrate the relevance of Sen’s ideas to the individual dimensionof FoRB, this article concludes by examining the FoRB of tribal and indigenous religious communitiesas a comparative field through which Sen’s conception of individual freedom in “Identity andViolence” can be critically engaged.
NEGOTIATING RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY: FEMALE ULAMA IN MANADO AND YOGYAKARTA : Arhanuddin Salim; Rahman Mantu
Al-Qalam Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31969/alq.v32i1.1809

Abstract

This study examines how female ulama negotiate religious authority and articulate Islamic moderationwithin two contrasting socio-religious contexts in Indonesia: Manado, a Christian-majority city in NorthSulawesi, and Yogyakarta, a Muslim-majority center of Islamic education and intellectualism. Employinga qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach, the research draws on in-depth interviews,literature review, digital content analysis, and comparative case studies involving female ulama, Islamiceducators, and community leaders. The study finds that women’s religious authority is not determinedsolely by demographic context, but is shaped through the interaction of educational background,organizational networks, cultural adaptation, digital engagement, and social legitimacy. In Manado,female ulama develop what this study terms moral-dialogical authority, emphasizing interfaith coexistence,cultural accommodation, and ethical engagement within a minority Muslim setting. In Yogyakarta, femaleulama exercise scholarly-institutional authority through universities, pesantren, and Islamic organizations,enabling broader participation in gender discourse, public education, and religious moderation programs.The findings also reveal that digital media play a significant role in transforming women’s religiousvisibility and legitimacy. In Manado, online platforms function as alternative spaces for expandingreligious influence amid limited institutional access, while in Yogyakarta digital media amplifies alreadyestablished scholarly authority. This study argues that female ulama represent a transformative model ofIslamic leadership that integrates religious scholarship, civic ethics, and gendered agency. Theircontributions demonstrate that Islamic moderation in Indonesia is a lived and contextually negotiatedpractice shaped by local culture, pluralism, and evolving forms of religious authority
THE SPATIAL POLITICS OF MOSQUES: CONTESTED AUTHORITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SPLIT IN MAKASSAR’S POST-ISLAMIST URBAN SOCIETY: Spatial Manifestations and Psychological Split Among Muslims in the Post-Islamist Era Awal Muqsith; Mubarak Taswin; Andi Aderus; Muhammad Zakir Husein
Al-Qalam Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31969/alq.v32i1.1811

Abstract

This study investigates the paradoxical duality of urban mosques in Makassar, Indonesia, whichsimultaneously serve as centers of spiritual vitality and arenas of spatial and ideological contestation.We argue that this duality constitutes a spatial symptom of the collective psychological split amongMuslim societies in the post-Islamist era. By applying Asef Bayat's analytical category of postIslamism—in which political Islam's energy shifts toward socio-cultural piety rather than statecontrol—this study integrates it with Henri Lefebvre's theory of the production of space. The researchemploys a quantitative descriptive approach with qualitative-theoretical interpretation, utilizingsurvey data from 307 respondents across 13 sub-districts. The findings reveal a fundamental tension:while mosques demonstrate high congregational satisfaction, good management, and successfuladaptation to urban needs, they also exhibit a possessive logic of space. This logic manifests throughdense mosque proliferation, soundscape contestation, significant resistance to religious plurality,and persistent ideological contestation within mosque pulpits. These findings challenge the simplisticinterpretation of mosque abundance as mere collective piety, revealing instead a tension betweenpsychological fragmentation and collective struggles for spatial domination, both of whichundermine principles of inclusive citizenship

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